RBSE Solutions for Class 11 Indian Geography Chapter 10 Natural Disasters and Management, Earthquakes & Landslides

Rajasthan Board RBSE Class 11 Indian Geography Chapter 10 Natural Disasters and Management, Earthquakes & Landslides

RBSE Class 11 Indian Geography Chapter 10 Text Book Questions

RBSE Class 11 Indian Geography Chapter 10 Multiple Choice Type Questions

Question 1.
India is not related to which disaster:
(a) Earthquake
(b) Flood
(c) Landslide
(d) Volcano
Answer:
(d) Volcano

Question 2.
An Indian area in which earthquakes are frequent is:
(a) Southern Plateau
(b) Himalayas
(c) Central part of India
(d) Coastal India
Answer:
(b) Himalayas

Question 3.
In which of the following areas the disaster of landslides takes place:
(a) Aravalli
(b) Himalayas
(c) Satpura
(d) Vindhyachal
Answer:
(d) Vindhyachal

RBSE Class 11 Indian Geography Chapter 10 Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What is meant by natural disasters?
Answer:
A natural event such as flood, earthquake or hurricane that causes great damage or loss to life and property.

Question 2.
What is earthquake?
Answer:
Earthquake refers to a sudden violent shaking of the ground, typically causing devastation, as a result of movements within the earth’s crust or volcanic action.

Question 3.
What do you understand by the term landslide?
Answer:
A landslide is a form of mass wasting that includes a wide range of ground movements such as rock falls, deep failure of slopes and shallow debris flows. It is also known as landslip, or mud – slip or mudslide.

Question 4.
In which season does a landslide usually occur?
Answer:
The disaster of landslide usually occurs in the rainy season.

RBSE Class 11 Indian Geography Chapter 10 Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What is meant by the term disaster management?
Answer:
Disaster management can be defined as the organisation and management of resources and responsibilities for dealing with all the humanitration aspects of emergencies, in particular, preparedness, response and recovery, in order to lessen the impact of a disaster. The main objective of disaster management is to perform the given responsibilities in time.

Question 2.
In which region of India do most of the earthquakes occur?
Answer:
India is a country of vast area and under a research it was observed that there are 10 Indian cities in high earthquake zone. Guwahati – Assam, Srinagar – Jammu and Kashmir, Delhi, Mumbai – Maharashtra, Chennai – Tamil Nadu, Pune – Maharashtra, Kochi – Kerala, Kolkata – West Bengal and the regions of the Himalayas. But most of the earthquakes occur in the Northern Himalayan mountainous regions.

Causes of Earthquake:
Himalayas are newly – folded mountains which are still in the uplift position up till now. A position of balance does not exist in that region. Due to this, as a result of the activeness of inherent balancing factors, earthquakes are frequent in this region.

Question 3.
Explain Landslide management.
Answer:
Incidents of landslides in India mostly occur in .the rainy season. For its management, governmental, social and individual efforts are made. Also, creating awareness in the people is a major factor of landslide management. Under landslide management, the major steps taken are as follows:

  1. Proper drainage system with the construction of roads and routes.
  2. Supporting the sloppy rocks with the help of strong walls.
  3. To control the rural settlements.
  4. To give a strong base to houses and buildings.
  5. Avoid human settlement at the river banks in mountain areas.
  6. To develop the feeling of cooperation and assistance.

RBSE Class 11 Indian Geography Chapter 10 Essay Type Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Explain the causes of occurrence of Earthquakes.
Answer:
Mainly, natural factors are responsible for the occurrence of earthquakes. But, human factors also play an important role in the origin of earthquake.
RBSE Solutions for Class 11 Indian Geography Chapter 10 Natural Disasters and Management, Earthquakes & Landslides img-1
1. Natural causes:
The earthquakes mostly occur due to the movement in tectonic plates of the earth.

(a) Earthquakes are cause by tectonic movements in the earth’s crust. The main cause is that when tectonic plates collide, one rides over the other, causing orogeny, earthquakes and volcanoes. Such an earthquake originated on 26th December 2014 in south – eastern Asia.

(b) Earthquakes may also be caused by the movement of lava beneath the surface of earth during volcanic activity. When the lava tries to come out from the earth’s crust, it pushes the tectonic plates and so causes earthquakes.

(c) When the surface water enters into inner earth’s crust through crust cracks or other ways, and converts into water vapor due. to high temperature, then the water vapor, along with other gases tries to come out, and while doing so, it presses hard the tectonic plates to cause earthquake.

(d) Every rock is able to bear the some pressure or contraction and stretch. But more pressure or contraction or stretch breaks the rocks into pieces, and when they try to take their natural form, earthquakes take place.

(e) The process of faulting due to severe disturbance on the earth’s crust also causes earthquakes, which is the result of surface tension and compression.

(f) The condition of balance does not always exist between the higher and lower parts of the world. When, suddenly, a large quantity of rubble comes from oceans on the coastal area, this balance is again deformed. Therefore, in order to create balance again, the oceanic bottom settles down and mountains rise up. During this process, earthquakes occur in weakened regions.

(g) Unnatural or man – made causes:
Various types of creative human activities are included under unnatural or man-made causes. Among these, digging of Natural Disasters.and Management, underpasses, digging of mines, construction of large buildings, railway routes, reservoirs and dams is included. Along with these, nuclear explosions, explosions in mining regions, deep drilling and other such human activities are in – essentially responsible for the origin of earthquakes.

Question 2.
How can a natural disaster such as an earthquake be faced?
Answer:
An earthquake is the shaking of the earth surface, resulting from the sudden release of energy in the earth’s lithosphere that creates seismic waves. To face this disaster, governmental, social and individual efforts and cooperation is essential. The following measures can be adopted to minimize the effect of an earthquake:

Before the Arrival of Earthquake:

  1. Develop a network of seismic instruments, so that forecast about an earthquake can be made by studying the movements inside the earth.
  2. Make a meticulous inspection of the houses and workplace to determine if there are structural dangers.
  3. Build structures only on firm land.
  4. Identify and take measures to reduce the dangers that are present in our homes, neighborhood and the work place.
  5. Secure the potentially – unstable furniture to the floor and the walls.
  6. Remove heavy objects from high places.
  7. Move beds away from dangerous places.
  8. Secure the gas tanks and water heaters to the wall.

During an Earthquake:

  1. Move away from the houses.
  2. Keep calm, take a moment to think about the consequences of what you are going to do.
  3. Implement familiar and community emergency plans.
  4. Make a fast initial inspection in case there are people stuck somewhere.
  5. Verify, if there are fires and do not make unnecessary calls.
  6. If you detect any gas leak, close the main valve, open the windows and get away from the building.
  7. Disconnect the electrical service if there are faults in the electrical system of the property.
  8. Do not touch cables or electric posts that have fallen to the ground.
  9. Do not go outside for gossip and to spread rumors.
  10. Help and cooperate with visual impediments.
  11. Cooperate with civil defense and other authorities of emergency and public security.

Question 3.
Explain the factors that affect disaster management.
Answer:
Factors affecting disaster management are:

  1. Economic condition.
  2. Positive thinking.
  3. Spirit of Cooperation.
  4. Population density.
  5. Social honesty and faith.
  6. Geographical conditions.
  7. Availability of the means of transport and communication.

1. Economic condition:
The economic position of a country is an important factor of disaster management. A strong economic position always favors disaster management, otherwise it is against. If the economic condition of a country is sound, it provides developed and latest resources and other equipment. In poor economic condition, it is very hard to manage the disaster.

2. Positive Thinking of the Individuals:
Positive thinking plays an important role during hazards and disasters. In unfavorable conditions, positive thinking and attitude is helpful to recover from a difficult situation. Positive thinking and attitude is the best reserve for the individuals, family and the society in such conditions.

3. Spirit of Cooperation:
Management is a process of the adjustment of people in which different persons are joined with each other in the form of a link. During a disaster, cooperative spirit among the people is the most important as well as the most helpful. With the help of the spirit of cooperation, great misery can be easily overcome.

4. Population Density:
Population density of a country also affects the disaster management at large. More densely-populated regions need more rescue equipment, time, money and cooperation, otherwise, lesser time, money, equipment are needed.

5. Social honesty and faith:
During disaster management, social honesty and faith are most valuable. If we lack in them, then various tough situations arise, which are more difficult and challenging than disasters. Hence, social honesty, dedication and faith are the most essential elements.

6. Geographical Conditions:
Geographical conditions also affect disaster management at large. Climate, surface structure, condition of water – flow, composition of soil found in the effected region not only affect the disaster management, but also very much affect the rescue process.

7. Availability of Means of Transport and Communication:
Disaster management cannot be possible without availability of proper means of transport and communication. If this is proper enough and of high quality, then disaster management becomes easier and rescue operations can be done effectively, otherwise it causes failure in the disaster management.

Question 4.
Explain the factors responsible for landslide.
Answer:
Any one factor cannot be considered responsible for landslide, but many joint factors cause landslides. The responsible factors for landslide or mudslide can be divided into two categories:

  1. Natural factors
  2. Man – made factors.

1. Natural factors:
Structure of rocks, slope of land, folding and prolapse in rocks, amount of rainfall, vegetation cover, etc. are some factors responsible for landslides. Weathering is the natural procedure of rock deterioration that leads to weak, landslide suspective materials. Erosion caused by sporadic water such as streams, rivers, wind, currents, ice and waves wipes out latent and lateral slope support, enabling landslides to occur easily.

Most of the events of landslides take place in newly-folded mountaining regions as the process of rising of mountains goes on continuously. Because, in this process, edges of rocks become weaker and there is sharp slope. In these conditions, high amount of rainfall works as lubricant for landslide, and from the weaker joints, rocks start to slope downwards, and if it is heavy rainfall, they come down with a noise of thunder.

Earth’s gravitational force also helps in this process. With sharp slope, gravitational force also increases. Rapid landslides occur in the slopes of more than 45°. That is why, there are a number of events of landslides during the rainy season on Konkan railway route in the Western Ghats. In the mountains, rivers cause land erosion. In mountainous regions, rivers cut the base of the lands and the mountains, and hence, events of landslides occur.

2. Man – made factors:
Natural disasters like landslides have increased in number due to insensible development done by mankind; forests have been over – exploited for obtaining paper, wood and timber. Due to deforestration, roots of trees loose their grasp over the soil as well as on land.

Man – induced landslides may result from changes in slope caused by terracing for agriculture, cut and fill construction for highways, construction activities, mining operations, rapid draw-down of the dams, and changes in irrigation or surface run – off.

Map Based Questions

Question 1.
Show the earthquake affected areas on the map of India.
Answer:
RBSE Solutions for Class 11 Indian Geography Chapter 10 Natural Disasters and Management, Earthquakes & Landslides img-2

Question 2.
Show the landslide affected areas on the map of India.
Answer:
RBSE Solutions for Class 11 Indian Geography Chapter 10 Natural Disasters and Management, Earthquakes & Landslides img-3

RBSE Class 11 Indian Geography Chapter 10 Other Important Questions

RBSE Class 11 Indian Geography Chapter 10 Multiple Choice Type Questions

Question 1.
Cyclone is a:
(a) Seasonal disaster
(b) Topographical disaster
(c) Man – made disaster
(d) All of the above
Answer:
(a) Seasonal disaster

Question 2.
Landslide is a:
(a) Topographical disaster
(b) Seasonal disaster
(c) (a) and (b) both
(d) None of these
Answer:
(a) Topographical disaster

Question 3.
Which of the following is not an atmospheric disaster:
(a) Tornado
(b) Drought
(c) Thunderstorm
(d) Earthquake
Answer:
(d) Earthquake

Question 4.
The point on the ground on which the shock of earthquake is felt firstly is:
(a) Epicenter
(b) Earthquake focus
(c) Earthquake center
(d) None of these
Answer:
(a) Epicenter

Question 5.
The instrument used to measure earthquake is called:
(a) Heather – graph
(b) Climograph
(c)Argograph
(d) Seismograph
Answer:
(d) Seismograph

Question 6.
An earthquake occurred in Latur on:
(a) 06 – 08 – 1988
(b) 30 – 09 – 1993
(c) 29 – 03 – 1999
(d) 26 – 01 – 2001
Answer:
(b) 30 – 09 – 1993

Question 7.
The river on which a temporary lake was made due to landslide in 1971:
(a) Sone
(b) Alaknanda
(c) Kosi
(d) Brahmaputra
Answer:
(b) Alaknanda

Question 8.
Which of the following is the second major landslide center in India?
(a) Western Ghats
(b) Great Northern Plains
(c) Himalayan region
(d) Coastal area
Answer:
(a) Western Ghats

Question 9.
In which season do more than 90 per cent landslides occur in India?
(a) In summer season
(b) In winter season
(c) In rainy season
(d) In spring season
Answer:
(c) In rainy season

Question 10.
Which of the following is not a seasonal disaster?
(a) Cyclone
(b) Drought
(c) Earthquake
(d) Snowfall
Answer:
(c) Earthquake

Question 11.
The earthquake currents rising in the oceans are called:
(a) Transverse current
(b) Belanchali current
(c) Altidudinal current
(d) Tsunami current
Answer:
(d) Tsunami current

Question 12.
The place below the earth’s surface from where the vibration starts is known as:
(a) Earthquake focus
(b) Earthquake center
(c) Earthquake epicenter
(d) Earthquake centrifugal
Answer:
(a) Earthquake focus

Matching Type Questions

Question A.
Match Column A with Column B:

Column A Column B
(i) Drought (a) 5 Richter intensity
(ii) Landslide (b) Man – made disaster
(iii) Plague (c) Seasonal disaster
(iv) Vibration of earth (d) Topographical disaster
(v) Normal earthquake (e) Earthquake

Answers:

  1. (c)
  2. (d)
  3. (b)
  4. (e)
  5. (a)

Question B.
Match Column A with Column B:

Column A (Place of Earthquake) Column B (Date of Earthquake)
(i) Jabalpur Earthquake (a) 8 – 10 – 2005
(ii) Bhuj Earthquake (b) 21 – 08 – 1988
(iii) Chamoli Earthquake (c) 22 – 05 – 1997
(iv) Muzzaffarabad Earthquake (d) 26 – 01 – 2001
(v) Indo – Nenal border Earthquake (e) 29 – 03 – 1999

Answers:

  1. (c)
  2. (d)
  3. (e)
  4. (a)
  5. (b)

RBSE Class 11 Indian Geography Chapter 10 Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What is a natural boon?
Answer:
The changes in the nature that are extremely useful, helpful or beneficial for mankind are called as natural boon.

Question 2.
What is meant by natural disaster?
Answer:
Such change in the nature that causes great damage or loss to life and property is called natural disaster.

Question 3.
What is flood?
Answer:
An overflow of a large amount of water beyond its normal limits, especially over flooded land is called as flood.

Question 4.
What do you mean by the term excess rainfall’?
Answer:
Rainfall that is neither retained on the land surface nor infiltrated into soil is called as excess rainfall.

Question 5.
What is a drought?
Answer:
A prolonged period of abnormally low rainfall leading to a shortage of water is called drought.

Question 6.
What do you understand by the term ‘natural hazard’?
Answer:
Natural hazard means a crisis occurring after natural disasters. Due to these types of disasters, man generally suffer many problems.

Question 7.
How does mankind put the atmosphere into trouble?
Answer:
The mankind puts the atmosphere into trouble by insensibly exploiting the resources, misusing the land surface, deforestation, land and soil erosion and overuse of ground water.

Question 8.
Into how many parts can the natural disasters be classified on the basis of their origin?
Answer:
On the basis of their origin, natural disasters can be classified into three parts:

  1. Seasonal disasters.
  2. Topographical disasters.
  3. Man – made disasters.

Question 9.
What are seasonal disasters?
Answer:
Those disasters which originate due to change in the season are called seasonal disasters. Flood, drought, thunderstorm, lightning are some examples of seasonal disasters.

Question 10.
Which are included in the seasonal disasters?
Answer:
Cyclones, flood, excess rain, drought, snowfall etc. are included in seasonal disasters.

Question 11.
What are topographical disasters?
Answer:
The disasters that take place due to change in the arrangement of natural and artificial physical features of a region are called topographical disasters. Landslides, earthquakes, volcanoes are included in topographical disasters.

Question 12.
What the meant by biogenic disasters?
Answer:
The disasters which occur due to living beings are called biogenic disasters. Different epidemics, plague, malaria, locust attacks etc. are included in biogenic disasters.

Question 13.
How can one know about the moral character of a society or a country?
Answer:
The moral character of a society or a country can be known by the contribution, cooperation and help extended by the people at the time of a disaster.

Question 14.
What is Richter scale?
Answer:
For the measurement of the waves of an earthquake, Richter magnitude scale is used, which was invented by Charles Richter. That is why, it was named Richter magnitude scale.

Question 15.
What are the controlling factors of disaster management?
Answer:
Economic position of the country, population density, availability of means of transport and communication, positive thinking of individuals, feeling of cooperation and geographical conditions are some of the controlling factors of disaster management.

Question 16.
To what point, on the Richter scale, the intensity of a earthquake can be measured?
Answer:
The intensity of earthquake can be measured on the Richter scale from 1 to 12.

Question 17.
What is meant by normal earthquake?
Answer:
The earthquakes associated with normal faults which are generally less than magnitude 5 are called normal earthquakes.

Question 18.
What was the main cause of earthquake which originated in South – eastern Asia?
Answer:
The main cause of the earthquake which originated in south – Eastern Asia was that the Indian tectonic plate moved northwards.

Question 19.
What are the man – made causes for the origin of earthquakes?
Answer:
Insensible pining, construction of large dams, nuclear explosions, mining explosions, construction of very high buildings are some of the main man – made causes for the origin of earthquakes.

Question 20.
Where and why are there least earthquakes in India?
Answer:
There are least earthquakes in the region of Southern Plateau as it is a fixed land part.

Question 21.
Into how many earthquake zones India has been divided?
Answer:
India has been divided into very high risk earthquake zone, high risk earthquake zone, medium risk earthquake zone, low risk earthquake zone and very low risk earthquake zone.

Question 22.
In which earthquake belt does the western Rajasthan region fall?
Answer:
The western region of Rajasthan falls in the central earthquake belt.

Question 23.
Why is earthquake considered to be a terrible disaster?
Answer:
Earthquake is such a disaster that produces a destructive change within a few moments. Witnessing the destruction all around, it is known as a terrible disaster.

Question 24.
Which are natural factors for the origin of landslides?
Answer:
The natural factors for the origin of landslides include the structure of rocks, slope of land, folding and prolapse of rocks, amount of rainfall and the vegetation coverage.

Question 25.
Why do rivers have more erosional power in the hilly regions?
Answer:
In the hilly regions, there are rapid descents, therefore, water flow in the rivers is very fast which causes land erosion.

Question 26.
The routes and roads are cleared firstly after a landslide. Why?
Answer:
The routes and roads are cleared firstly after landslides so that the obstruction in the path of transport can be removed and blocked transportation may be cleared and restarted.

Question 27.
What precautions should be taken before constructing transport routes in landslide zones?
Answer:
In landslides zones, at the time of construction of transport routes, proper arrangement of drainage system on both sides of road should be ensured. The walls should be made to support the rocks. Rubble should be removed up to 45° angle from both sides of the roads at once.

RBSE Class 11 Indian Geography Chapter 10 Short Answer Type Questions (SA-I)

Question 1.
What do you mean by the terms ‘natural disaster’ and ‘hazard’?
Answer:
The word disaster is made of two French words. Dis – meaning bad and Aster – meaning stars. So, disaster means – bad stars. In India, disaster is also called the wrath of nature. A hazard is an agent which has the potential to cause harm to a vulnerable target. The terms hazard and risk are used inter – changeably. However, in terms of risk assessment, these are two very distinct terms. A disaster causes hazard and creates problems of many types.

Question 2.
What do you understand by the term natural disaster – management?
Answer:
Natural disaster management means that all such measures should be taken so that a hazard may not take the form of a disaster. Although, we cannot prevent the occurrence of many hazards, yet we can reduce their harmful effects by proper management, so that the loss of life and property can be minimized.

In fact, the current danger is not from natural disasters, but the greater danger is one which we have from man – made disasters. Disasters are the consequences of natural or man – made hazards. Therefore, through disaster management, we can prevent hazards from transforming into disaster. Disaster management broadly encompasses the management done before, during and after a disaster.

Question 3.
An earthquake is considered to a hazard. Why? Explain it.
Or
An earthquake is a massive hazard. How? Explain.
Answer:
An earthquake is such a hazard that causes destructive changes to the human society within a few moments. Due to earthquakes, thousands of lives are lost within a few seconds, and houses, buildings, roads etc. fall down just like sand – made structures. Road routes and railways break down, transport and communication is distrupted, canals, bridges, dams etc. are damaged.

Cracks appear on the earth’s surface, and sometimes, rivers change their flow by the force of earthquake. Temporary lakes are formed due to change in the direction of flow of river and when these artificial lakes are broken, severe flooding takes place. Because of all these reasons, earthquakes are considered as a massive hazard.

Question 4.
Earthquakes are known for their destruction. How? Explain it.
Or
Most of the earthquakes are destructive. Explain this statement along with examples.
Answer:
Earthquake is a scary process in itself, which causes severe loss of lives, property and resources. Due to its terrible nature, it destroys every thing. Earthquake that came on 11th October 1737 in Calcutta (Kolkata) resulted into landslide that swallowed up thousands of lives within moments. On 11th December, 1967, an earthquake came in the city of Koyana, a newly – built dam was broken up and Morvi town was completely destroyed.

The 2001 Gujarat earthquake, also known as Bhuj earthquake, occurred on 26th January, 2001. It lasted for over two minutes, and killed more than 19727 people, while 166000 were injured. Another earthquake came in South-east Asia in Java, and at that time, large Tsunami waves emerged in the ocean, that killed thousands of people and destroyed the coastal planes and beaches. All these earthquakes show their destructive nature.

Question 5.
A mutual cooperation during the earthquake disasters is seen in India. How?
Or
Mutual cooperation and understanding play an important role in rescue at the time of disaster. Explain.
Answer:
Earthquake is a massive disaster. In such tough condition, mutual cooperation, understanding and adjustment play an important and beneficial role for rescue. It is only Indians who forget all the boundations like caste, colour, creed, religion and community and are filled with human feelings and they run to help each other, to rescue others and to embrace others.

This type of humanity and feeling cannot be seen in any other part of the world except India. Indian volunteers, organisations, institutions and even the students also are always ready to help and to embrace the people suffering from disasters. Their affinity, cooperation, working in Unfavorable conditions is remarkable.

Question 6.
Describe the landslide prone zones of India.
Or
Describe the areas, where landslides occur in India.
Answer:
The major landslide prone zones in India include the Western Ghats and Konkan Hills (Tamil Nadu, Kerala, Karnataka, Goa and Maharashtra). Eastern Ghats (Araku region in Andhra Pradesh), North – Eastern Himalayas (Darjeeling and Sikkim) and North – western Himalayas (Uttarakhand, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir). Most of the landslide events occur in the Himalayas. The rapid flow of rivers of Western Ghats causes landslides. Construction of roads and high buildings has promoted the events of landslides in Uttarakhand and Jammu and Kashmir. The tides are the main cause of landslides in the Konkan Hills.

Question 7.
Describe the measures to avoid landslides.
Or
What are the possible remedies to avoid landslides?
Answer:
To avoid landslides, followings steps should be taken:

  1. The water should be diverted in such a way, as to avoid triggering a landslide adjacent to the site.
  2. Surface water should not be allowed to flow on the landslide prone slope.
  3. Draining ground water stream away from the landslides.
  4. Minimizing irrigation on the surface of the soil.
  5. Avoid digging trenches or wells on the slope.
  6. Avoid the construction of buildings at the top or the base of a slope.
  7. In landslide prone zones, warning indicators of landslide should be marked on both sides of the roads.
  8. Promote plantation and forestation in landslide prone zones.

RBSE Class 11 Indian Geography Chapter 10 Short Answer Type Questions (SA-II)

Question 1.
Describe the factors responsible for occurrence of natural disasters.
Or
Explain the causes of the origin of natural disasters.
Answer:
Many factors are responsible for the occurrence of natural disasters. Jointly, several factors may also cause a disaster or hazards. The inner and outer forces of earth directly affect some of the natural disasters. Volcanoes and earthquakes both always originate due to internal movement and forces of the earth. Man has been exploiting natural resources insensibly since the very beginning. To fulfill the demands of ever – increasing population, he has disturbed the natural form of earth.

Due to deforestation, soil and land erosion etc. we have put the atmosphere into trouble. So, man is facing the problems like global warming, flood and drought. The disasters such as landslides, cyclones, are also at large the result of mankind’s unnecessary interference in nature. Man’s consumerism viewpoint is disturbing the natural balance. All this is inviting the disasters in a direct manner.

Question 2.
Classify natural disasters on the basis of their origin.
Or
Natural disasters are different on the basis of their origin. How? Explain it.
Answer:
On the basis of origin, natural disasters have been classified into three parts:

  1. Seasonal disasters.
  2. Topographic disasters.
  3. Biogenic disasters.

1. Seasonal disasters:
The disasters which evolve due to change in seasons are known as seasonal disasters. Cyclones, excess rainfall, flood, drought, snowfall are included in seasonal disasters.

2. Topographic disasters:
These are disasters that occur due to a sudden change in the form of earth’s surface. Landslides, snow slides, earthquakes and volcanoes are included in topographic disasters.

3. Biogenic disasters:
In this category, those disasters are included that occur due to living beings. Epidemics, loctust attack, plague, malaria, etc. are the examples of biogenic disasters.

Question 3.
Describe the earthquake-prone zones of India.
Answer:
In India, the origination of earthquakes shows variation. After a deep study, it was concluded that most of the earthquakes occur in mountainous regions and their foothills. Himalaya is a newly – folded mountain. It is still in the condition of upliftment. So, most of the earthquakes take place in this area. There are very few earthquakes caused in Northern Great plains and their intensity is also very low.

The Peninsular Plateau is considered as a fixed earth part and so this area is considered as no earthquake zone, but the earthquakes of Koyana and others have proved this myth wrong and now it is also considered as an earthquake prone zone. The displacement in the Indian tectonic plate is the main cause of occurrence of earthquakes.

Question 4.
Landslide is a hazard. How ? Explain.
Or
Landslide is a critical hazard. Explain.
Answer:
Landslide is a destructive disaster, and along with a landslide, many other problems also emerge. Due to landslide, flow of rivers is blocked. It also blocks the transport routes. Blocking of roads and routes disturbs the human life. The balance between demand and supply is also disturbed. When landslide takes place in populated areas, it causes heavy loss of life and property.

People are buried under the rubble of landslide. The road and railway network are broken. Many times, rivers over flow due to blockade in their route. At this time, floods occur, and so there is great loss of life and property. In the year 1971, a temporary lake on the River – Alaknanda was broken and entire village of Belnakoochi flowed of along with the water.

Landslide in Ratighat separated many villages of Nainital district from the outer world. Many lives were lost in the landslide of Nilgiri. That is why, landslide is considered as a serious hazard for human life and other living beings.

RBSE Class 11 Indian Geography Chapter 10 Essay Type Questions

Question 1.
Into how many zones has India been divided on the basis of risk of damage by earthquakes?
Or
Explain the earthquake belt zones of India.
Or
On the basis of estimated earth quaked damage risk, classify the earthquake zones of India.
Answer:
India is a country with large geographical area. So, it shows topographic variation. Due to this topographical and structural variation, there are variations in the earthquake damage risk in India. On the basis of risk of damage by earthquakes, India has been divided into the following zones:

  1. Very High Risk Earthquake zone
  2. High Risk Earthquake zone
  3. Moderate Risk Earthquake zone
  4. Low Risk Earthquake zone
  5. Very Low Risk Earthquake zone

1. Very High Risk Earthquake Zone:
This is the most active earthquake zone, so most of the earthquakes occur in this belt. The region of Kashmir, western and central Himalayas, northern and central Bihar, North – Eastern Indian region, Rann of Kutch and Andaman and Nicobar group of islands fall in this zone. Generally, these areas of trap rocks or basalt rock are more prone to earthquakes.

2. High Risk Earthquake Zone:
On the basis of activeness, this zone is ranked at the second place. Most of the part of Bihar, Sikkim, Northern part of Uttar Pradesh, North – Western part, Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, North – Eastern Punjab and rfaryana, Valley of Kutch in Gujarat and its coastal part and Kashmir fall in this earthquake prone zone.

3. Moderate Risk Earthquake Zone:
The extension of this earthquake zone is in South – western region of Rajasthan, valley region of Rivers Narmada and Tapti in Madhya Pradesh, South – Eastern Gujarat, Western part of Maharashtra, Jharakhand, Andhra Pradesh and Telangana and some regions of West Bengal and Western Ghats. It ranks third in earthquake zones.

4. Low Risk Earthquake Zone:
The extension of low risk earthquake zone is mainly plateau areas. Aravalli hills region, plains of River Ghagghar, Northern Orrisa, valley region of Wardha, Plateau of Malwa, central and longitudinal parts of Karnataka, eastern part of Western Ghats.

5. Very Low Risk Earthquake Zone:
It is the least prone earthquake zone, which is extended to central parts of Southern Plateau, mainly Chambal, Banas, Kali Sindh, and Betwa flow areas, North Western part of Madhya Pradesh, Mahanadi Valley region of Orissa and Penganga and the regions of Rivers Bhima and Krishna are included.

These earthquake zones in India are shown in the following map:
RBSE Solutions for Class 11 Indian Geography Chapter 10 Natural Disasters and Management, Earthquakes & Landslides img-4

RBSE Solutions for Class 11 Geography