RBSE Solutions for Class 11 Physical Geography Chapter 16 Classification of Climate

Rajasthan Board RBSE Class 11 Physical Geography Chapter 16 Classification of Climate

RBSE Class 11 Physical Geography Chapter 16 Text Book Questions

RBSE Class 11 Physical Geography Chapter 16 Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1.
Into how many parts did Koppen classify the climate?
(a) 4
(b) 5
(c) 7
(d) 9
Answer:
(b) 5

Question 2.
According to Koppen, the climate of E group is:
(a) dry climate
(b) polar climate
(c) snowy temperate climate
(d) wet climate
Answer:
(b) polar climate

Question 3.
In which climate is evaporation more than the rainfall?
(a) dry climate
(b) polar climate
(c) cold climate
(d) mountain climate
Answer:
(a) dry climate

Question 4.
Am climate is:
(a) tropical wet climate
(b) tropical monsoon climate
(c) steppe climate
(d) desert climate
Answer:
(b) tropical monsoon climate

Question 5.
Koppen presented the first classification of climate in:
(a) 1900
(b) 1901
(c) 1936
(d) 1952
Answer:
(a) 1900

RBSE Class 11 Physical Geography Chapter 16 Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What is the meaning of A climate according to. Koppen?
Answer:
According to Koppen, the meaning of A climate is Tropical Wet Climate. The temperature is more than 18 degree Celsius in all the months in this type of climate.

Question 2.
What does BW climate mean?
Answer:
BW climate means the climate similar to that of desert region. Here, the amount of rainfall is inadequate for the growth of vegetation.

Question 3.
Which climate has the characteristic of more rainfall than the evaporation?
Answer:
Rainfall is more than the evaporation in the tropical wet climate.

Question 4.
In which climate is the lack of summer season found?
Answer:
The lack of summer season is found in the polar climate.

Question 5.
In which climatic zone does rainfall occur throughout the year?
Answer:
Rainfall occurs throughout the year in the tropical wet climatic zone.

RBSE Class 11 Physical Geography Chapter 16 Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Into how many climatic zones did Koppen classify the world? Explain in brief.
Answer:
Koppen classified the world mainly into the following five climatic zones:

1. Tropical Wet Climatic Zone:
In this climatic zone, the temperature is found to be more than 18 degree Celsius in all the months. The condition of the lack of winter season can also be seen here.

2. Dry Climate:
In this climatic zone, evaporation is more than the rainfall. Lack of water is found here.

3. Hot Temperate Humid:
Summer and winter, both the seasons, are found here. The average temperature of the coldest month is found to be less than 18 degree Celsius.

4. Snowy Temperate Climate:
The harsh winter season is found in this climatic zone. The average temperature in autumn period is less than 3 degree Celsius. The average temperature in summer season is more than 10 degree Celsius.

5. Polar Climate:
Lack of summer season is found in this type of climatic zone. The average temperature of the warmest month is found to be less than 10 degree Celsius.

Question 2.
What is the difference between season and climate?
Answer:
Season:
Season is the sum of short – term conditions of weather in context of the components of weather (temperature, atmospheric pressure, wind, humidity, rainfall and cloud) in a particular duration of time at a place.

Climate:
Climate is the sum of the long – term weather conditions of a particular place. In climate, there is a description of the long – term atmospheric conditions in an extensive area. Thus, the meaning of the term climate is broader than the term season.

Question 3.
What is Climate?
Answer:
Climate is the sum of the long – term weather conditions of a particular place. In the climate, there is a description of the long – term atmospheric conditions in an extensive area. Thus, the meaning of the term climate is broader than the season. According to Monkhouse, “Climate, infact, involves the details of the long – term seasonal conditions of a particular place.”

Question 4.
Explain the factors that affect the climate.
Answer:
The factors which affect the climate mainly include the status of latitudes, distance from sea coast, mountain barriers, sea currents, direction of winds, height from sea level and turbulence. Inequality is found in the distribution of temperature according to the latitudinal extent, due to which, tropical, temperate and polar climate zones are formed.

Due to predominance of moisture in the regions near the sea, moist climate is found; and dry climate is found in the inland regions. Sea currents, due to their nature, produce humidity. As the height increases from the sea level, the nature of climate varies due to the decrease in temperature. The terrestrial or oceanic nature of winds is also a determinant factor of the climate.

Question 5.
Explain the characteristics of the Polar Climate.
Answer:
The following are the characteristics of the Polar Climate:

  1. Lack of summer season is found in this type of climate.
  2. In the regions with this type of climate, the average temperature of the warmest month is less than 10 degree Celsius.
  3. The regions with this type of climate, remain frozen for most of the year.
  4. In polar regions, fungus, lichen, algae, etc. are found in the form of tundra vegetation.
  5. Polar climate is classified in the form of tundra and taiga regions.
  6. Coniferous vegetation is found in the sub-polar regions.
  7. Usually, lack of population is found in the polar regions due to adverse climatic conditions.

RBSE Class 11 Physical Geography Chapter 16 Essay Type Questions

Question 1.
Explain the basis of the climate classification of Koppen and also describe the climatic zones.
Answer:
Basis of climate classification of Koppen:
The famous German Climatologist, Vl adimir Koppen, for the presentation of his climate classification, considered temperature rainfall and their seasonal nature as the basis.

Climatic Zones according to Koppen:
He classified the world into the following five major climatic:

  • A – Tropical Wet Climate.
  • B – Dry Climate.
  • C – Mild, Humid Climate.
  • D – Snowy Temperate Climate.
  • E – Polar Climate.

Koppen also further classified all these climatic zones into their sub – zones (minor zones). The description of the major and minor zones according to him is as follows:

A. Tropical Wet Climate:
Here, the average temperature in every month of the year is more than 18 degree Celsius. There is the lack of winter season in this climate. Rainfall occurs throughout the year. Here, the rainfall is always higher than the evaporation. It has the following three sub-divisions on the basis of rainfall, temperature and dryness:

1. Af – Tropical Wet Climate:
Here, the rainfall occurs throughout the year, lack of aridity and no annual range of temperature are found.

2. Am – Tropical Monsoon Climate:
It is also called Monsoon Rainfall. More forests are found here due to heavy rainfall. A short dry season is found here.

3. Aw – Tropical Wet and Dry Climate:
It is also called Tropical Savanna Climate. High temperature is found here round the year. Here, the rainfall occurs in summer season, while the winter season remains dry.

B. Dry Climate:
In this, evaporation is more than the rainfall. So, there is lack of water here. It can be classified into two parts on basis of temperature and rainfall.

1. BS – Steppe Zone:
Here, the amount of rainfall is appropriate for the growth of dry grass.

2. BW – Desert Zone:
Here, the amount of rainfall is inadequate for the growth of vegetation. Steppe and Desert Climate is classified into two sub – divisions on the basis of temperature :

  • Bhs – Tropical Stepee Climate
  • Bsk – Cold Steppe Climate
  • Bwh – Tropical Desert Climate
  • Bwk – Cold Tropical Desert Climate

C. Warm Temperate, Humid Climate:
Here, the average temperature of the coldest month is less than 18 degree Celsius and more than 3 degree Celsius. The summer and winter seasons both, are found here. Winter season is not harsh here. The following three sub – divisions have been made based on the seasonal details of rainfall:

  • Cf – Rainfall throughout the year
  • Cw – Extreme rainfall in summer season
  • Cs – More rainfall in winter season

Its other sub – divisions are:

  • a – Hot summer period,
  • b – Cold summer period,
  • c – Short-term summer period.

D. Snowy Temperate Climate:
In this climate, the average temperature of the coldest month is less than – 3 degree Celsius. The average temperature of the warmest month is more than 10 degree Celsius. Coniferous forests are found here. It has two main sub – divisions:

  • Df – Rainfall whole the year.
  • Dw – Rainfall in summer season while winter season is dry.

E. Polar Climate:
This climate zone also divided into two parts:

1. ET – Tundra Climate:
In this, the summer temperature ranges from 0 degree Celsius to 10 degree Celsius.

2. EF – Glaciated Climate:
In this, the summer temperature is less than 0 degree Celsius. These regions remains frozen throughout the year.

In this way, Koppen presented the climate classification of the world by including rainfall and temperature related minor characteristics based on limited sources. Though, there are many flaws in this.

Question 2.
Describing the difference between season and climate, explain the characteristics of the five major classifications of climate as laid down by Koppen.
Answer:
The elements like temperature, atmospheric pressure, humidity, clouds, rainfall, windstorm, etc. of a place are called the elements of season and climate. There is a difference in season and climate. This difference is as follows:

Season:
Season is the sum of short-term conditions of weather in context of the components of weather (like: temperature, atmospheric pressure, wind, humidity, rainfall, clouds) in a particular duration of time at a place. Season always keeps on changing. In other terms, it can be said that season is a transient condition of the atmosphere.

Climate:
Climate is the sum of the long – term weather conditions of a particular place. In climate, there is a description of the long – term atmospheric conditions in an extensive area. Thus, the meaning of the term climate is broader than that of season. According to Monkhouse, “Climate, infact, involves the details of the long – term seasonal conditions of a particular place.”

Major characteristics of Kappen’s climate classification:

Category of Climate Characteristics
Tropical Wet Climate The temperature in all the months is always higher than 18°C. Lack of winter season, more rainfall than evaporation.
Dry Climate More evaporation than rainfall, lack of water.
Mild, Humid Climate Summer and winter both the seasons are found here. The average temperature of the coldest month is less than 18°C and more than 3°C.
Snowy Temperate Climate Harsh winter season, the average temperature in autumn period is less than -3°C and the average temperature in summer season is more than 10°C.
Polar Climate Lack of summer season, the average temperature of the warmest month is less than 10°C.

Question 3.
Give the comparative description of Dry climate and Tropical Wet Climate.
Answer:
Climatic conditions found in the world show variations. The following differences are found between dry Climate and Tropical Wet Climate of the world:

Points of Comparision Dry Climate Tropical Wet Climate
Regions Dry climate is found in the desert and semi – arid regions of the world. The expansion of this climatic zone is found mainly in the equatorial regions.
Rainfall In this climate, the average of annual rainfall is found less than 50 cm. The condition of lack of water is also seen at some places. In the regions with this type of climate, the average of annual rainfall is found usually to be more than 200 cm.
Evaporation Evaporation is more than the rainfall in the regions with this type of climate. Evaporation is less than the rainfall in the regions with this type of climate.
Presentation Koppen represented this climate by the alphabet B. Koppen represented this climate by the alphabet A.
Winter season The duration of winter season is seen for 3 to 4 months in this climate. There is a lack of winter season in this climate.
Nature of Rainfall Rainfall occurs occasionally, that too is very scarce, in the regions with this climate. Rainfall occurs throughout the year in the regions with this climate.
Other Name It is also called Desert (day/semi-arid) climate. It is also known as equatorial equivalent climate.
Vegetation In this type of climate, mainly dry (desert and semi-arid (steppe) vegetation is found. In the regions with this type of climate, evergreen vegetation is found.
Characteristics of vegetation In this climate, vegetation is found in the form of short grass, small shrubs and thorn trees. In this type of climate, vegetation is always available in the form of ever green and tall trees.
Temperature High temperature is recorded in the regions with this type of climate. In these regions, the average temperature in all the months is found to be more than 18°C.
Range of temperature Annual range of temperature is found more in the regions with his climate. Annual range of temperature is found minimum in the regions with this climate.
Classification Dry climate is further classified into desert and semi-arid climate. This climate is further classified into Monsoon and Savanna climate.
Latitudinal Extent It extends from tropical to middle latitudes on both side of the equator. It extends from 20° to 40° broad irregular belt on both sides of the Equator.

RBSE Class 11 Physical Geography Chapter 16 Other Important Questions

RBSE Class 11 Physical Geography Chapter 16 Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1.
Which one is not included in the elements of climate?
(a) Atmospheric Pressure
(b) Rainfall
(c) Temperature
(d) Water – flow
Answer:
(d) Water – flow

Question 2.
Which one is not the basis of the classification of climate?
(a) Temperature
(b) Rainfall
(c) Clouds
(d) Wind
Answer:
(c) Clouds

Question 3.
Into how many zones is the world divided on the basis of temperature?
(a) 2
(b) 3
(c) 4
(d) 5
Answer:
(b) 3

Question 4.
Koppen was a famous:
(a) Geologist
(b) Botanist
(c) Climatologist
(d) Biologist
Answer:
(c) Climatologist

Question 5.
In the climate classification of Koppen, the climate that is found in India is:
(a) Cwg
(b) Aw
(c) Bsh
(d) All the three
Answer:
(d) All the three

Question 6.
Which letters were used by Koppen for symbolising the Savana Climate?
(a) Aw
(b) BW
(c) ET
(d) CW
Answer:
(a) Aw

Question 7.
Which one is not a harmful consequence of the greenhouse effect is?
(a) increase in rainfall
(b) increase in temperature
(c) melting of the snow at the poles
(d) increase of creatures
Answer:
(d) increase of creatures

Question 8.
What is the name of the temperature measurement instrument?
(a) Barometer
(b) Kilometer
(c) Thermometer
(d) Hygrometer
Answer:
(c) Thermometer

Matching Type Questions

Question A.

Column A (Category of Climate) Column B (Letter Used by Koppen)
(i) Tropical Wet Climate (a) E
(ii) Dry Climate (b) D
(iii) Mild, Humid Climate (c) A
(iv) Snowy Temperate Climate (d) C
(v) Polar Climate (e) B

Answers:

  1. (c)
  2. (e)
  3. (d)
  4. (b)
  5. (a)

Question B.

Column A (Climate) Column B (Letter Used by Coppen)
(i) Tropical Monsoon (a) ET
(ii) Steppe Climate (b) Bsk
(iii) Cold Steppe Climate (c) EF
(iv) Mediterranean Climate (d) BS
(v) Glacial Climate (e) Cs
(vi) Tundra Climate (f) Am

Answers:

  1. (f)
  2. (d)
  3. (b)
  4. (e)
  5. (c)
  6. (a)

RBSE Class 11 Physical Geography Chapter 16 Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What are the elements of season and climate?
Answer:
Temperature, atmospheric pressure, humidity, clouds, rainfall, winds, etc. are considered as the elements of season and climate.

Question 2.
What does season mean?
Answer:
Season is the sum of short – term conditions of weather in context of the components of weather (like: temperature, atmospheric pressure, winds, humidity, rainfall, clouds) in a particular duration of time at a place.

Question 3.
What is the definition of climate given by Monkhouse?
Answer:
According to Monkhouse, “Climate, infact, involves the details of the long-term seasonal conditions of a particular place.”

Question 4.
Explain the contribution of Greeks in the context of climate.
Answer:
Greeks tried to classify the climate of the world for the first time. On the basis of temperature, they classified the world into three zones:

  1. Torrid zone
  2. Temperate zone
  3. Frigid zone.

Question 5.
On which bases was the climate classification of Koppen done?
Answer:
For the presentation of climatic classification, Koppen considered the vegetation regions as the base. For their classification, he considered the temperature, rainfall and their seasonal natures as the main bases.

Question 6.
What does Tropical Wet Climate mean?
Answer:
In this climate, rainfall occurs throughout the year. The average temperature in every month of the year remains more than 18 degree Celsius. There is a lack of winter season in this climate. Here, the rainfall is more than the evaporation.

Question 7.
What does Monsoon Climate mean?
Answer:
Tropical Monsoon Rainfall (Am) is also called Monsoon Climate. More forests are found here due to extreme rainfall. A short dry season is also found here.

Question 8.
Into how many parts is the Dry Climate classified?
Answer:
Dry Climate is classified mainly into two parts:

  1. Steppe Zone (BS).
  2. Desert Zone (BW).

These two are further classified into Tropical Steppe Climate and Cold Steppe Climate; Tropical Desert Climate and Cold Tropical Desert Climate.

Question 9.
Why Koppen’s classification is currently the most recognized?
Answer:
The simplicity found in Koppen’s classification and the convenience of study and teaching are the greatest features of this classification which make it the most recognized.

Question 10.
Which are the gases responsible for greenhouse effect?
Answer:
Carbon – dioxide, water vapor, methane, nitrous – oxide, chloro – fluoro – carbons, etc. gases are mainly responsible for the greenhouse effect.

Question 11.
Which are the greenhouse gases?
Answer:
Carbon – dioxide, methane, nitrous – oxide and chloro – fluoro – carbons are called greenhouse gases.

Question 12.
Why is the amount of carbon-dioxide gas increasing continuously?
Answer:
The amount of carbon dioxide gas is increasing continuously due to rapid industrialisation, pollution from vehicles, burning of coal, wood and mineral oil, breathing process of creatures, volcanic eruption and decay of vegetation.

Question 13.
What is the origin of methane gas?
Answer:
Paddy farming, natural swampy lands, mining, termite, burning of organic substances, etc. are responsible for the origin of methane gas.

Question 14.
What is the percentage contribution of gases in the greenhouse effect?
Answer:
In the greenhouse effect, carbon – dioxide contributes 57%, methane contributes 18%, nitrous – oxide contributes 6% and chloro – fluoro – carbons contribute 17%.

Question 15.
On which areas does the maximum impact of rise in sea water level by global warming occur?
Answer:
The maximum impact of the rise in sea water level by global warming occurs on China, India, Japan, Indonesia, Vietnam, Bangladesh, Maldives and thousands of islands of Pacific Ocean.

Question 16.
Which facts reveal the evidence of climate change?
Answer:
The evidence of climate change is revealed on the basis of the study of fossil in rock pattern, changes in the forms of rocks, deposits in lakes and other aquatic parts.

Question 17.
When was the systematic study of the climate started?
Answer:
The systematic study of the climate was started after the invention of Barometer and Thermometer in the year 1640 and Rain – gauge in the year 1676.

RBSE Class 11 Physical Geography Chapter 16 Short Answer Type Questions (SA-I)

Question 1.
Which activities of humans are affected by the climate?
Answer:
The following is the impact of climate on the human beings and their activities:

  1. Climate has a vast impact on all the physical and mental activities of human beings.
  2. Agriculture and animal husbandry done by human beings are also dependent on climate.
  3. Climate has an impact on the business, trade, health, etc. of the human beings.
  4. The lifestyle, food habits, costumes, cultural and social activities of the human beings are also dependent on climate.
  5. Climate has an impact also on human habitation, industrial activities, their thoughts and physical structure.

Question 2.
Explain the role of Koppen’s contribution.
Answer:
Koppen was a famous German Climatologist who first presented the classification of climate of the world in the year 1900. He also revised his classification several times during 1900 to 1936. He considered the temperature, rainfall and their seasonal nature as the basis of his classification and tried to establish their relation with vegetation. He believed that the best view of the total climate is found in natural vegetation. In this way, Koppen adopted such a quantitative method of the classification of climate where climate can establish a deep relation with vegetation.

Question 3.
Explain the polar climate.
Answer:
According to Koppen, polar climate is found in the high mountainous regions or high latitudinal parts of the world. Koppen represented this by the English letter E. In this type of climate, the average temperature of the warmest month is less than 10 degree Celsius. Lack of summer season is found in this climate. It is further classified into two parts:

  1. ET – Tundra Climate
  2. EF – Glaciated Climate.

1. ET – Tundra Climate:
In this, the temperature in summer season ranges from 0 degree Celsius to 10 degree Celsius.

2. EF – Glaciated Climate:
In this, the temperature in summer season is less than 0 degree Celsius. Such regions remain frozen throughout the year.

Question 4.
How can greenhouse effect prove to be useful?
Answer:
Greenhouse effect on the earth is predominantly harmful. But if a small greenhouse format is created on the surface by humans, then it can prove to be useful in the following ways:

1. In extreme cold regions where the amount of insolation is usually low, there the plants of fruits and vegetables can be produced by creating the greenhouse effect artificially by building glass houses made of green tinted glass.

2. The temperature in cold regions can be slightly increased by creating the greenhouse effect.

3. The main feature of greenhouse is it glasses, through which the sunlight gets in, but the radiation in the form of long waves cannot go out of these houses, due to which favorable conditions of warmth can be created in cold regions.

Question 5.
Why is the policy of‘Migration with Dignity’ being adopted?
Answer:
At present, due to the increasing trend of global warming in the world, many problems are arising due to rise in water level for the residents of coastal areas and islands located within the oceans. Many people are migrating from countries like Kiribati Atoll Islands Group, but there is no possibility of these people coming back home due to rise in water level of oceans.

Migration of human population on large scale is going to take place in the future due to these reasons. Thus, it is the ethical and moral responsibility of all of us to establish social, cultural and economic integration. For this reason, Kiribati and many island countries are adopting the policy of ‘Migration with Dignity’ and are appealing to the world forums to accept migrants.

RBSE Class 11 Physical Geography Chapter 16 Short Answer Type Questions (SA-II)

Question 1.
Explain the origin and nature of the gases responsible for the greenhouse effect.
Answer:
The amount of polluted gases is increasing continuously due to rapid industrialization and pollution from vehicles. The amount of carbon – dioxide in the atmosphere is increasing due to the burning of coal, wood, mineral oil, etc., and breathing process of creatures, volcanic eruption, decaying of vegetation, etc. The causes for the origin of methane include paddy farming, natural swampy lands, mining, termite, burning of organic substances, etc.

Nitrous oxide is produced mainly by the use of nitrogenous fertilizers, burning of organic substances and fossil fuels. Its amount is also increasing due to the industrial production of nylon. Chloro – fluoro – carbons are formed by certain chemical processes. According to the studies conducted by scientists, carbon dioxide contributes 57% in the greenhouse effect, and methane contributes 18%, nitrous oxide contributes 6% and chloro – fluoro – carbons contribute 17% in it.

Question 2.
Explain the measures to control Global Warming.
Answer:
The following measures should be made to control the increase in global temperature:

  1. Reduction should be made in the use of fossil fuels like coal, mineral oil, gas, etc. Alternative energy should be used in their place.
  2. Expansion of the forest areas should be made by planting trees on the earth.
  3. Population growth must be controlled.
  4. Such devices should be used in vehicles and industries which cause the least pollution.
  5. By implementing actions while adopting the concept of sustainable development.
  6. By carrying out development activities without disturbing the environmental balance.
  7. By generating awareness among the people.
  8. By maintaining harmony between organic and inorganic components through various conservation programmes.
  9. By equalizing double standards for developed and developing countries.

RBSE Class 11 Physical Geography Chapter 16 Essay Type Questions

Question 1.
Explaining the greenhouse effect, describe the composition of gases and its adverse effects.
Answer:
The gases found in the atmosphere like carbon dioxide, water vapor, methane, nitrous oxide, chlorofluorocarbons are responsible for the greenhouse effect on the earth. These gases allow short – wave radiations from the sun to enter into the earth, s atmosphere but reflect the long wave radiation, particularly infrared rays, emitted from the earth and send them back to the earth. As a result, the earth’s surface is getting warmer continuously. This effect is called the Greenhouse Effect.

Status of Greenhouse Effect:
In extreme cold regions, where the amount of insolation is usually low in winters, there the greenhouse effect is used to produce fruits and vegetables. The main feature of green houses is their glasses, through which the sunlight gets in, but the radiation in the form of long waves from the earth cannot go out of these houses. As a result, the temperature inside the houses increases. The status of atmosphere on the earth is similar to that of green houses.

Greenhouse Gases:
Water vapor keeps the earth warm in the natural form. But due to human activities, the gases like carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, chlorofluorocarbons, etc. are creating the greenhouse effect on the earth. These gases are also called the ‘Green House Gases’. Carbon – dioxide is the major gas in the greenhouse effect. There is a constant increase in its amount in the atmosphere.

Composition of Greenhouse Gases:
Carbon – dioxide contributes 57% in the green house effect, methane contributes 18%, nitrous-oxide contributes 6% and chloro – fluoro – carbons contribute 17%. Adverse Consequences of Greenhouse Effect: Due to the temperature increase, the greenhouse effect adversely affects the biotic, abiotic, social, cultural and economic conditions on the earth’s surface. Its adverse effects can be explained as follows:

1. Increase in temperature:
Increase in temperature of the earth is a major harmful consequence of the greenhouse effect created by humans. Increase of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere is a main cause of it. There will be many climatic changes on the earth due to increase in temperature. The discrepancies in weather are the result of this.

2. Increase in rainfall:
Due to the increase in temperature on the earth, there will be more evaporation from the aquatic parts. Consequently, there will be more rainfall.

3. Melting of snow at the poles:
Due to the increase in temperature on the earth, there will be melting of snow at the poles and mountain peaks.

4. Rise in water level of sea:
The water level of sea will rise by the melting of snow at the poles and mountain peaks due to the increase in average temperature of the world. As a result, many coastal areas will be submerged in water.

5. Effect on Agriculture:
Agriculture will also be affected by the change in the volume and periodicity of rainfall.

6. Effect on living organisms and vegetations:
The living organisms that have less ability to withstand the heat will be destroyed. With the increase in sea level, the vegetation of coastal parts will be submerged.

Question 2.
Explaining the term Global Warming, describe its effects.
Answer:
The temperature of the earth is continuously increasing due to the pollution and deteriorating environmental balance of the whole world, and this phenomenon is called Global Warming. Greenhouse gases have an important role in this process of global warming. In these, carbon – dioxide gas is the most responsible causative factor.

Due to being heavy, this gas accumulates in the form of a layer in the lower part of the atmosphere near the earth’s surface. Due to the formation of this layer of gas, the thermal radiation from the earth is reflected back to the earth. As a result, the temperature on the earth increases. In this way, the process of increasing temperature has emerged in the form of Global Warming.

Effects of Global Warming:
There are many effects of the global warming. The description of these effects is as follows:

1. There will be major changes in the climate due to the increase in temperature. The discrepancies seen in the weather and seasonal cycle in the present time are the result of this.

2. There will be a vast change in the nature of rainfall due to the increase in temperature of the earth. The evaporation will be more from aquatic parts due to the increased temperature. More temperature and evaporation result in more rainfall. Consequently, the cycle of season will change. The period of summer season will increase and that of the winter season will decrease.

3. There will be an increase in the El – Nino effect and in the frequency of cyclones due to global warming.

4. There will be rise in the water level of sea by the melting of snow in polar regions and mountain peaks due to the increase in average temperature of the world. Consequently, the coastal parts will be submerged. Islands located in the oceans will sink.

5. Snow of glaciers will melt in more amount due to increase in temperature. As a result, the increase in the amount of water in the rivers can result in severe flooding.

6. The most significant impact of the change in the cycle of season, which will occur due to the increased temperature, will be on agriculture. Due to this, the format and systems of agriculture will change.

7. Due to the increased temperature, the existence of living organisms, plants and trees will become threatened.

RBSE Solutions for Class 11 Geography