Rajasthan Board RBSE Class 11 Political Science Chapter 13 Causes of the Rise of National Movement
RBSE Class 11 Political Science Chapter 13 Textual Questions
RBSE Class 11 Political Science Chapter 13 Very Short Answer type Questions
Question 1.
Who described Swami Dayanand Saraswati as the Hero of the Gita?
Answer:
Roman Roland.
Question 2.
Who was the founder of Ary a Samaj?
Answer:
Swami Dayanand Saraswati.
Question 3.
Who founded the Brahmo Samaj?
Answer:
Raja Ram Mohan Roy.
Question 4.
When was the railway launched in India?
Answer:
In 1853.
Question 5.
What do you understand by modern modes of communication ?
Answer:
By the modern modes of communication we mean the means through which messages from the sender to the recipient can be sent speedily. Examples: internet, mobile phone, satellite communication etc.
Question 6.
Who introduced the English system of education in India?
Answer:
Lord Macaulay.
Question 7.
Write the names of four newspapers that played an important role in freedom struggle of India.
Answer:
- The Indian Mirror
- The Maratha
- The Kesari
- The Hindu.
Question 8.
When was the fist battle of independence of the national movement fought?
Answer:
In 1857.
Question 9.
Mention the various phases of the national movement for freedom.
Answer:
The following are the three phases of national movement for freedom:
- The age of the liberal movement
- The age of the extremist movement
- The age of the revolutionary movement.
Question 10.
What is the first phase of national movement of freedom called?
Answer:
Liberal phase.
Question 11.
What is meant by extremist age of national movement?
Answer:
From 1906, the second phase of national movement is known as the extremist phase of national movement of freedom.
Question 12.
What was the elementary goal of the liberals?
Answer:
To bring about reforms in British administration and to provide Indians maximum participation in the administration.
Question 13.
What was the goal of the extremists?
Answer:
To attain complete freedom.
Question 14.
By which name is the last phase of the national movement known?
Answer:
It is known as the joint phase of the revolutionary and the Gandhian movement.
Question 15.
Write any two causes of the national movement.
Answer:
- Economic exploitation of Indians by the British rulers
- Social and cultural renaissance
RBSE Class 11 Political Science Chapter 13 Short Answer Type Questions
Question 1.
What do you understand by national awakening in India?
Answer:
National awakening in India:
Before the mid – eighteenth century, the social, cultural, political and economic pull and push had started in India. Increasing superstitions, racial discrimination, the increasing influence of British power, want of unity among-st Indians, all began to have an adverse effect on Indian society, culture and economy.To deal with such a situation, the common public and social workers began to make attempts for the welfare of the society and to maintain the unity and prosperity of the country. All these attempts resulted in national awakening of India.
Question 2.
What were political causes of national movement in India?
Answer:
Political causes of national movement in India:
The main political causes of national movement in India were:
- The expansionist policy of the British government,
- The tyranny of British rulers on Indians.
This movement was conducted due to the tyranny of the British rulers and to get rid of slavery of the British rule, due to Indians being denied high posts in military and administration, and due to racial discrimination towards Indians. After the revolt of 1857, the insult of Indians and cruel treatment to maintain inequality between Indians and Britishers in regard to law, implementation the Vernacular Press Act to check the increasing influence of the Indian newspapers, snatching of lands from Indian zamindars, recovery of excessive taxes from the public, making weapon. Licence compulsory for Indians and such other reasons which caused intense resentment among-st. Indians against the British rule and their anger and discontent took the form of a national movement.
Question 3.
What is the meaning of the national movement?
Answer:
A countrywide movement was organized and conducted by the Indians to get rid of the tyranny and oppression of the British rule. It was named as the national movement. The movement lasted from 1857 to 15th August, 1947. Discrimination against Indians, decimation of the national culture, unjust policies and economic exploitation of Indians were some of the main causes that gave rise to the national movement by the Indian against the British administration.
The movement was carried on peacefully in a revolutionary manner. It took the form of a public movement. People of different religions participated in it. It was not only, a political movement, but it also covered the social and economic aspects of Indian life. It was not a movement conducted by a particular political party or a special group of the society rather it came out as a mass movement and as a reaction against the expansionist tendency of the British government and the tyranny exercised on Indians by the British administration.
Question 4.
What do you understand by the Arya Samaj?
Answer:
Swami Dayanand Saraswati was the founder of the Arya Samaj. He founded the Arya Samaj on 10th April 1875. Swamiji stressed on the word ‘Swaraj’. The Arya Samaj movement became a national movement.
The following are its chief principles:
To perform Hawan and mantras recitated according to the Vedic way.
- Focused on sticking to truth and to give up falsehood
- To wish destruction of ignorance for growth of learning
- To oppose the beliefs and ideology of the Puranas and the belief in incarnation
- To encourage women education and remarriage of the widows
- God is omnipotent, formless and immortal
- Stress on affectionate conduct with adherence towards other religions
- To encourage the spread and propagation of Hindi and the Sanskrit languages
- to see one’s own welfare in the good of other and to see one’s own progress in the progress of others
Question 5.
Write a brief note on the social and religious reform movement in India.
Answer:
In the 19th century, many social and religious movements started in India. These movements tried to remove the evils of social and religious fields Indian life system. Raja Ram Mohan Roy founded the Brahmo Samaj, Swami Dayanand Saraswati founded the Arya Samaj, Swami Vivekanand founded the Ramakrishna Mission and Smt. Annie Besant founded the Theosophical Society.
Raja Ram Mohan Roy stressed the need of modern education to abolish social evils, Swami Dayanand Saraswati awakened tl.j nation through the Arya Samaj. He stressed the need of using swadeshi goods and the need of struggl to attain swaraj. Annie Besant admired Hindu religion and Hindu culture. In 1893, Swami Vivekananda, in the conference of world religions at Chicago, preached the teachings of the Vedas.
He stressed the need for political independence and the revival of ancient pride of India. He held that-service of mother India – is the only religion of India. All these religious and social reform movements gave impetus to nationalism in India.
Question 6.
How did the British administration contribute to the national movement in India ?
Answer:
In order to strengthen its rule in India and to ensure the economic exploitation of India, the British government used the modern methods in the fields of politics, military, economy and education. The British government made English language the medium of education. With the popularization of the English language, the British government aimed to enslave the Indian mentality. But the English language became a global – connect language for the Indians.
The Indians studied the English language and developed an awakening towards nationalism and love for freedom. With the development of the means of transportation and communication, Indians came in contact with one another which helped in the growth of nationalism. With the development of the printing press, the Indian newspapers became the mirror of Indian nationalism.
Question 7.
How did the means of transportation and communication affect the national movement?
Answer:
Impact of the means of transportation and communication on the national movement : British government spread a network of transportation and communication to facilitate administration, military protection, economic development and full exploitation of trade.The network of metal – led roads connected different provinces with one another. The villages were connected to big cities. The railway connected the various parts of the country into one unit.
The electrical wires and the postal system integrated the various parts of the country. For international letters, a postal stamp of 2 paisa was enough, and the newspapers and parcels, could be sent from one part of the country to another at minimal cost. All these facilities brought about tremendous change in social, educational, political and intellectual life of the nation.
Nationalistic literature could be sent to various places through post offices which were functional in every corner of the country. Although the British had established these facilities for their own comfort, yet geographical distances between Indians lessened due to these. They started establishing mutual contact with one another. In their way, these modes provided momentum to the national movement.
Question 8.
Describe the contribution of modern educational system to the national movement.
Answer:
Contribution of modern educational system to the national movement:
The British government, on the suggestion of Lord Macaulay, started in 1835, to impart education in India through the medium of English language. The British administration wanted to create a group of educated Indians who were Indians in blood and complexion, but English by mentality, interest and thinking. The Britishers were successful to a great extent in their aim.
Soon, the educated Indians began to scorn their ancient culture and civilization and began to mould themselves into western civilization and culture. With the evil effect of western culture some Indians began to be benefited by this change. The knowledge of English language enabled Indian scholars to study English literature.
This literature created discontentment in the heart of Indians against the present political situation and the demand for reforms in political administration began to gain momentum. Leaders like Raja Ram Mohan Roy, Dadabhai Naoroji, Fierozeshah Mehta, Gopal Krishna Gokhale and wvomesh Chandra Banerjee were the gifts of English education.
Question 9.
Why was the Brahmo Samaj founded?
Answer:
Raja Ram Mohan Roy founded the Brahmo Samaj on 28th August 1828 to revive Indian civilization and culture in India, to stop the spread of Christianity in India and to redeem Indian society from social evils. The Brahmo Samaj is chiefly based on the Vedas and Upanishads.
Following are the main principles of the Brahmo Samaj:
- God is one, creator of the universe, protector of his creation, infinite and formless
- God should be worshipped without spiritiual traditions of a community.
- Deliverance from birth and death each attained by atoning for the sinful deeds and the renunciation of evil tendencies,
- The soul is undecayed and immortal and is responsible to God.
- Prayers are necessary for the elevation of soul
- All are equal in the eyes of God and He listens to everyone’s prayers
- Brahmo Samaj believes in the theory of deed and reward
- It believes in finding out the truth. Brahmo Samaj opposes the tradition of sati system, child marriage, polygamy, untouchability and such evils as drinking and use of other intoxicants.
Question 10.
How did the newspapers contribute to the national movement?
Answer:
The newspapers played important role to strengthen the national movement. The nationalists perpetually got inspiration and encouragement from the newspapers. The Indian Mirror, the Bengali, The Hindu, The Partiot, The Maratha, The Bombay Chronicle, The Kesari, etc. were chief newspapers of that time. Through these newspapers, light was thrown on the unjust policies of the British government. These newspapers became a mirror of the Indian nationalism and a very effective means to educate the Indian public in social, political and spiritual matters.
Question 11.
Describe the role played by the middle-class people in national movement.
Answer:
The middle-class people played an important role in national movement. This class followed the Congress teachings and obtained government jobs. On account of being closer to the administrative class, it pushed itself ahead of others. It was a small part of Indian society, but was dynamic. It had the unity of purpose and the feeling of hope.
This class of Indian society became the new soul of India. This class, throughout India, developed a new energy and power. It inspired the public for patriotism. It made the world aware about the tyranny perpetuated on Indian public and suggested means to get rid of the British government. This class of the Indian society led Indian national movement in various aspects of its development.
Question 12.
How did the historical research work affect the national movement?
Answer:
The historical research work largely affected the national movement. The Indians, through the research of foreign historians like Sir William Jones, Monear, Williams, Max Muller, Rauth and Sassoon, on ancient Indian history, came to know a lot about the culture and traditions of Indian community. Archaeologists through their excavation work presented the picture of greatness of India and pride which was in no way inferior to the Roman and other great civilizations.
These European scholars admired the literary superiority of the Vedas and Upanishads and the beautiful analysis of the mind they.contained. Then, as a result of various historical researches, the superiority of ancient Indian spiritualism and civilization came to the knowledge of the Indians. This knowledge instilled among the Indians a high sense of pride towards their culture and civilization. Their discoveries and researches awakened a new faith among-st Indians, and encouraged the spirit of patriotism and nationalism.
Question 13.
What was the influence of the contemporary European movements on Indian national movement?
Answer:
The European contemporary movements greatly influenced the Indian national movement. The French revolution awakened the feeling of nationalism among the Indians. The independence gained by Italy and Greece excited and inspired the Indians to struggle for their own independence, and the national movement in Germany, Romania and Serbia inspired India for a national resurgence. The passing of reformation bill in England, the freedom struggle of the United States of America also urged the Indians to fight for their right of freedom.
Question 14.
How did racial discrimination incite Indians?
Answer:
Racial discrimination against Indians by the Britishers inspired Indians to become united as nation. On account of racial discrimination, the angry reaction of the Indians gave birth to Indian nationalism. After the revolution of 1857, the racial rivalry between the Indians and the Britishers increased considerably. The law did not treat the Britishers and the Indians on equal basis. In this way racial discrimination created deep resentment among Indians, against the British government.
Question 15.
Explain the impact of the freedom struggle of 1857 on Indian national movement.
Answer:
Freedom struggle of 1857 was the first phase of national awakening in India. In this struggle for freedom, the Indian rulers of various states, the military and the Indians citizens, all extended their co – operation whole-heatedly. The fight for freedom in 1857 was not a big success. But the English government, after crushing this uprising, perpetuated so much inhuman tyranny on Indians, that it simply increased the discontentment and resentment among Indians against the British government further.
RBSE Class 11 Political Science Chapter 13 Essay Type Questions
Question 1.
Discuss initial causes responsible for national awakening in India.
Answer:
Causes responsible for the beginning of national awakening in India:
1. Social and cultural renaissance:
In the sphere of social and cultural activities, modern renaissance in India formed the background of the development of nationalism in India.
2. Influence of British administration:
The British policies were opposed because the Britishers exploited India in economic and cultural fields. There were various frequent revolts against the British policies between 1837 and 1857. They included the citizens’ uprising, the peasants’ uprising and the uprising of the Naga Sadhus.
3. The freedom struggle of 1857:
In this war against British imperialism, the Indian rulers of the native state, the army and the Indian citizens all co – operated whole – heatedly.
4. Economic exploitation of Indians:
Indians had considerable discontentment against the British rulers due to their economic exploitation. The British rulers destroyed Indian ancient handicraft industry and trade. The British exported raw material from India and after making finished products imported them in India and sold them at very high price.
5. Political unity of India:
After the establishment of British rule throughout India, the entire country came under one central government. Due to this, common ruler and laws were implemented at all places. Due to this, political unity was established in the country and the national movement gained momentum.
6. Influence of the contemporary European movements:
The freedom struggles in European countries, viz. France, Greece, Italy and Ireland, etc. encouraged Indians. European nationalism positively influenced the growth of Indian nationalism.
7. Influence of western education:
In 1835, on the advice of Macaulay, the British government in India started imparting education through English medium. The English government wanted to destroy Indian culture, civilization and national sentiment completely, but it had an adverse effect and English education proved to be an indirect boon for national movement in India.
8. Development of speedy transportation and means of communications:
Keeping in mind administrative facilitation, the objective of military protection, economic expansion and activities regarding exploitation of Indian trade and industry, the British rulers spread a network of roads and railway lines. But all this resulted in decline in geographical boundaries among-st Indians and they mutually started establishing contact with one outer. In this way, these modes organised Indians and provided momentum to the national movement.
9. Influence of Indian newspapers:
The British government established printing press in various parts of India and started publishing cheap literature and newspapers. This was an attempt to educate Indians towards western thought. Indians also started publishing newspapers associated with national movement. Indian newspapers became the reflection of Indian nationalism and a medium to educate the Indians.
10. The English people adopted policy of racial discrimination against Indians:
They kept Indians deprived of high posts in administration and military. Various other such misdeeds of the British also resulted into the discontentment of Indians.
Question 2.
Throw light on the reasons for the emergence of nationalism in the last phase of the 19th century.
Answer:
The following reasons are responsible for the emergence of national sentiments during the last phase of 19th century i. e., after 1850.
1. Influence of the reform movement:
In the emergence of the national sentiments, the social and religious reform movements were very helpful. There were many evil practices and superstitions prevalent in Indian society and religion. As a result of reform movements, the creation of modern India was encouraged and a background was prepared for the resurgence of nationalism in India.
2. Influence of English education:
In 1835, Lord Macaulay implemented English language as a medium of education in India. Its purpose was to destroy the national sentiment, but it had an opposite effect. The English educated Indians studied several western literature. The feeling of nationalism emerged in the minds of the Indians also, as they read about the thoughts of Mill, Spencer, etc. and about the freedom struggles conducted in America, Italy glorious revolution of France and Ireland.
3. The influence of newspapers and magazines:
A free press and foreign rule are hostile to each other. Sambad Kaumudi,, Bombay News, Amrit Bazar Patrika, Tribune, The Hindu and Kesari were main newspapers of those days. These papers criticized the unjust policies of the British government. This criticism made Indian national movement more dynamic.
4. Economic exploitation of India:
The policy of economic exploitation destroyed Indian industries. The Britishers established their control on Indian trade. So, the discontentment among-st Indians went on increasing.
5. The Racial Discrimination Policy:
After the revolution of 1857, the Britishers began to look upon Indians scornfully. They were treated disgracefully and were discriminated against at public places.
6. Discrimination in the government services:
In 1858, Queen Victoria had declared that recruitment on the government posts would be made on the basis of ability and qualification, and there would be no discrimination between the Indians and the Europeans. But it was not done so in practice. This created resentment among-st Indians.
7. Development of transportation and communications:
The British government had spread a network of transport and communication. But this resulted into narrowing the distance among-st Indians. Exchange of views among-st Indians became easier and awakening among the masses gathered momentum.
8. Unjust policy of Lord Lytton:
Lord Lytton (1876 – 80) established a reactionary administration. For example, the reduction in age for the Indian civil services examination from 21 to 18 years. Delhi court was organised when a severe famine had Struck the South, Afghanistan was invaded on the basis of imperialistic policy of the British and excessive taxes were collected from Indians for all this, Due to this, Indians went further against the British government.
9. Establishment of the Indian National Congress:
In 1885, at the time of its foundation, Indian National Congress was a national institution which represented all the groups of Indian society. In the beginning, it behaved that the presence of British Government in India was in the interest of India, but gradually, it changed its goal and the leadership of the national movement came in its hands.
10. Lord Curzon’s suppressive policy:
Lord Curzon (1898 -1905) was an able administrator, but he hated Indians. During his reign, many adverse ordinances were issued and many anti – Indian bills were passed. In 1905, the Bengal province was partitioned. He did so to check the wave of nationalism in Bengal, but it had an adverse effect. Bengal became the center of revolution and gradually it spread throughout India. In this way, the above mentioned reasons instilled the spirit of nationalism among-st Indians in later half of the 19th century.
Question 3.
Describe various phases of Indian national movement, briefly explaining its characteristic.
Answer:
Chief characteristics of Indian National Movement:
1. Long period:
Indian National Movement lasted for a long time. It had started in the mid of 18th century but the actual struggle for independence started in 1857, and with the foundation of Indian National Congress in 1885, the movement underwent various forms and shapes and it ended on 15th August 1947.
2. A revolutionary but peaceful movement:
During Indian national movement, the extremists used revolutionary means. Besides these means, under the leadership of Mahatma Gandhi, peaceful means like truth and non – violence and satyagraha civil disobedience etc. were also adopted.
3. Constitutional development:
In India, work of constitutional development also went on along with national movement. In the years 1861, 1892, 1909, 1919, and 1935, under Indian Council Act and the India Government Acts, responsible government was established. At last, in 1947, under Indian Independence Act, Indians got freedom from British rule.
4. Mass Public movement:
Indian National Movement was started by the Indian intellectuals. But later, became it a mass movement. Even the peasants and the labourers took active part in it. In this way, the Indian National Movement became a mass movement.
5. Religious movement:
The religious reform movements also played important role in Indian national movement. Swami Dayanand, through Arya Samaj’, Raja Ram Mohan Roy, through ‘Brahmo Samaj’, Swami Vivekananda, through Ramakrishna Mission, and Annie Besant, through the Theosophical Society, inspired the renaissance of the people towards religion and national movement of India. They tried to abolish social evils.
6. Social and economic movement:
The form of Indian national movement was not merely political. The national movement included social and economic movement also. Mahatma Gandhi started on a campaign against social evils and economic weaknesses. He placed social programme and economic social programme in parallel to the political programme. Removal of economic and social evils were major objectives of Indian National Movement.
7. Global influence of Indian National Movement:
The events and incidents of Indian National Movement had a global effect. Influenced by the freedom struggle in India, countries like Burma, Indonesia and African countries also started struggle for their independence.
8. National form of the movement:
In Indian national movement, people from all religions, women, students, peasants and labourers participated actively. All groups – social, religious and political, joined hands to oppose the British rule.
Phases of National Movement:
1. The first phase:
The first phase of the movement started in the middle of the 19th century. In this phase, peaceful and co-operative means were adopted to attain freedom. This movement continued up to 1905 and is called the liberal phase of the Indian National Movement.
2. The second phase:
This phase of the national movement started from 1906. It was called the period, of the extremists. There were some such incidents in the liberal period which made the Indians extremely resentful against the British rulers and they lost faith in their pattern of justice. They were forced to believe that swaraj cannot be attained by request, but by struggle. The way to get freedom through violent struggle is known as “Aggressive Nationalism or extremist movement”.
3. The third phase:
This phase started after 1922. This phase is also known as the united phase of the revolutionaries and the Gandhian means of movement. Revolutionary activities took place in this phase along with Gandhian activities.
Question 4.
Clearly explain the roles of the liberals, the extremists, the revolutionaries and Gandhi an movement in Indian National Movement.
Answer:
The role and goal of the liberals in National Movement of India:
The period from 1885 to 1905 is known as the liberal age of the Indian National Movement. Dadabhai Naoroji, Ranade, Ferozeshah Mehta, Surendranath Banerjee, Gopal Krishna Gokhale, Pandit Madan Mohan Malviya, Anand Mohan Ghosh and Wyomesh Chandra Banerjee, were the chief liberal leaders. The liberals adopted the policy of faith and co-operation with the British rule and tried to get political rights for Indians though appeal, memorandum, delegations and representations.
They believed that British administration is essential for India. There had been growth, reform and development of education and in means of communications on account of the British rule. They did not want confrontation with the British government on any ground. They did not believe in violence and did not want to adopt revolutionary means to reach their goal.
They believed that putting pressure on the British government by use of force would cause the same reaction by the British government and they would start behaving cruelly with Indian people. The goal of the liberals was to establish self-rule.Their goal of self – rule was limited to self – rule by Indians under the domain of British imperialism.
The Role and Goal of the Extremists:
During the liberal age, there were some events and incidents which ignited Indians against the British rulers and they lost faith in their sense of justice. They began to think that Swaraj cannot be attained by request, but by violent struggle against the foreign rulers. The way to get freedom through struggle is known as the extremist movement. The extremist leaders provided leadership to the Indian national movement from 1906 to 1919.
Lokmanya Bal Gangadhar Tilak. Lala Lajpat Rai. Aurobindo Ghosh, Bipin Chandra Pal were major extremist leaders. The goal of the extremists was to attain complete independence by adopting the means of swadeshi movement and the boycott movement which created among public a new wave of self – dependence, self – confidence and spirit of nationalism. The extremists were always ready for sacrifice and suffering. They always kept the feeling of non – co – operation towards the Britishers. They believed that freedom cannot be received in charity, but it is attained by the use of power.
The Role of Revolutionaries:
The role of the revolutionaries started after 1922. Subhash Chand Bose, Chandra Shekhar Azad, Sardar Bhagat Singh, Vinayak Damodar Savarkar, Kundan Bose, Batukeshwar Dutt, Lala Hardaval, Ram Prasad Bismil, Sukh Dev, Ashfaqualla Khan, Shyam Krishan ji Verma and Raj guru, etc.
were the chief leaders among revolutionaries. These revolutionaries were patriotic from the core of their heart. They did not believe in peaceful struggle and wanted to destroy the British administration completely by means of violence and force. Their main goal was to end the foreign rule through a big revolution and to establish a free democracy.
Role and Objectives of Mahatma Gandhi:
Gandhi’s role and goal comprised the last phase of Indian national movement. This phase was connected with revolutionary movement along with the followers of Gandhian principles. This phase of Gandhian movement started from 1922.
Mahatma Gandhi played the most significant role in Indian National Movement from the year 1919 onwards. Since them he remained the focal point of the Indian National Movement. So, the period from 1919 to 15 Aug 1947 is known as the Gandhian period in Indian National Movement.
During this period, Gandhiji conducted three major movements:
- Non – co – operation movement
- Civil disobedience movement
- Quit India movement.
He made Indian National Movement a mass movement under his leadership. People from various groups of Indian society began to participate in Indian National Movement. They adopted the way of non – violent revolution and tried to achieve by non – violent means, the goal of national freedom.
He launched constructive programmes such as khadi programme, swadeshi movement, abolition of intoxication (nashabandi), Harijan welfare, elevation of women, encouragement to domestic industry, Hindu – Muslim unity, basic education. He wanted to attain freedom by means of truth, non-violence, peace and was finally successful in attaining his goal.
RBSE Class 11 Political Science Chapter 13 Objective Type Questions
Question 1.
Father of the social and cultural reawakening in India was :
(a) Swami Dayanand
(b) Pherozeshah Mehta
(c) Macaulay
(b) Kautilya
Answer:
(a) Swami Dayanand
Question 2.
Which newspaper played an important role in creating public awareness towards Indian National Movement?
(a) Amrit Bazar Patrika
(b) Rajasthan Patrika
(c) Dainik Bhaskar
(b) Divya Bhaskar
Answer:
(a) Amrit Bazar Patrika
Question 3.
Which of the following reasons is not included for the rise of Indian National Movement?
(a) Influence of the contemporary European movements
(b) Economic exploitation of Indians by the British administration
(c) Racial discrimination
(b) Liberal behaviour of the Britishers
Answer:
(b) Liberal behaviour of the Britishers
Question 4.
Which of the following is not a phase of the Indian National Movement?
(a) Age of the liberals
(b) The extremist phase
(c) Revolutionary movement and role of Gandhiji
(d) Separatist age
Answer:
(d) Separatist age
RBSE Class 11 Political Science Chapter 13 Other Important Questions
RBSE Class 11 Political Science Chapter 13 Objective Type Questions
Question 1.
The rise and development of the Indian National Movement in our country is the result of:
(a) Imperialism
(b) Political affairs
(c) Social circumstances
(d) None of these
Answer:
(a) Imperialism
Question 2.
The period of Indian National Movement is:
(a) 1857 – 1905
(b) 1905 – 1947
(c) 1857 – 1947
(d) 1922 -1947
Answer:
(c) 1857 – 1947
Question 3.
Who founded the Theosophical Society ?
(a) Swami Vivekananda
(b) Annie Besant
(c) Roman Roland
(d) Bal Gangadhar Tilak
Answer:
(b) Annie Besant
Question 4.
The major reason of the beginning of Indian National Movement was :
(a) Social and cultural renaissance
(b) Political unity of India
(c) Influence of western education
(d) All these
Answer:
(d) All these
Question 5.
On whose suggestion education in India was started to be imparted through English medium :
(a) Lord Macaulay
(b) Lord Clive
(c) Addison Arnold
(d) Gopal Krishna Gokhale
Answer:
(a) Lord Macaulay
Question 6.
When did the first struggle for freedom start in India?
(a) In 1857
(b) In 1956
(c) In 1942
(d) In 1946
Answer:
(a) In 1857
Question 7.
Freedom movement conducted by Mahatma Gandhi was:
(a) Non – cooperation movement
(b) Satyagraha movement
(c) Quit India movement
(d) All these
Answer:
(d) All these
RBSE Class 11 Political Science Chapter 13 Very Short Answer Type Questions
Question 1.
How did the national movement originate and develop in our country?
Answer:
In our country, the origin and development of national movement was the result of imperialism.
Question 2.
What is the time period of national movement?
Answer:
From 1857 to l5th August 1947.
Question 3.
Write any two reasons of the origin of national movement.
Answer:
- Social and cultural renaissance
- Influence of western education.
Question 4.
Name any two social organisations which co-operated in social and cultural renaissance in India.
Answer:
- Arya Samaj
- Brahmo Samaj
Question 5.
How did Arya Samaj movement take up a national character?
Answer:
The Arya Samaj movement took a national character because Swami Dayan’and Saraswati stressed the word ‘Swaraj’.
Question 6.
Who founded the Ramakrishna Mission?
Answer:
Swami Vivekananda.
Question 7.
What were Swami Vivekananda’s thoughts about India?
Answer:
Once again, India would win the world.
Question 8.
Who founded the Theosophical Society in India?
Answer:
Annie Besant.
Question 9.
Which was the biggest means to connect India during the British regime?
Answer:
The railways.
Question 10.
On whose suggestion and when did the British government start education through English medium in India?
Answer:
In 1835, on the suggestion of Lord Macaulay.
Question 11.
What was the goal of the British in providing English education to the Indians ?
Answer:
To completely end the Indian civilization, culture and national awakening.
Question 12.
Name two foreign revolutions which inspired Indians for their struggle of freedom.
Answer:
- French revolution against the ruling dynasty
- Struggle for freedom of the United States of America.
Question 13.
Name two thinkers who said that English education was good for India.
Answer:
- Raja Ram Mohan Roy
- Dadabhai Naoroji
Question 14.
What was the the main goal of British economic policy in India?
Answer:
To buy raw material from India at cheap rate and to convert India into a precious market for its finished goods.
Question 15.
Which was the most important phase in India regarding national awakening?
Answer:
The freedom struggle of 1857.
RBSE Class 11 Political Science Chapter 13 Short Answer Type Questions
Question 1.
How did the economic exploitation of Indians inspire them to launch Indian National Movement?
or
The British policy of economic exploitation of Indians played important role in the emergence of Indian National Movement. Explain.
Answer:
The policy of economic exploitation by the British government served as a background to Indian national movement. The chief purpose of the economic exploitation of India was to buy raw material from India at a very cheap rate and to convert India into a lucrative market for its finished goods.
The British policy of economic exploitation destroyed ancient handicraft cottage industry and the big industries of India. These included cotton, silk and woolen textile industries and industries connected with steel, leather and sugar. There was great discontentment in hearts of Indians against the policy of economic exploitation implemented by the British government. So, the Indians began to participate actively in national movement.
Question 2.
Why did the British rulers want to spread education through the medium of English?
or
What was the British government’s objective behind making English language the medium ‘ of imparting education in India? Why did they succeed in achieving their goal?
Answer:
The purpose behind making English language the medium of imparting education in India was to destroy Indian civilization, culture and national sentiments completely. Through English medium education, the British government wanted to create in Indian society, a group of people who were Indians in blood and complexion, but Englishmen by speech, thought and perspective. The Britishers got considerable success in this goal because Indians, under this new system, forgot their own culture and values and began to ape western culture and fashion in their day to day life.
Question 3.
How can you say that the form of Indian National Movement was national?
Answer:
The Indian National Movement lasted for a long time to get rid of the British slavery, which continued from 1857 to ,15th August 1947. During this period, people from different castes, religions and groups participated in Indian National Movement. In this movement, the Muslims, the Sikhs, the Christians, the Buddhists and the Paris, all played important roles.
Even the women took active part in this movement. The organizations of the peasants and the labour class opposed the British rule violently. Students gave up studies and sacrificed their lives to make the movement successful. All Indians wanted to get rid of the British rule through lawful or unlawful means.
RBSE Class 11 Political Science Chapter 13 Essay Type Questions
Question 1.
Describe in detail the positive and the negative influence of western education on Indians.
or
The western education had an evil effect on Indians, no doubt, however, it benefited them in several other ways. Explain.
Answer:
Negative effect of western education on the Indians:
The British government made provision for starting English education with a purpose of completely destroying the Indian civilization, culture and the feeling of national awakening. In 1835, on the suggestion of Lord Macaulay, the British government made arrangements to provide western education to the Indians through the medium of English language. The British wanted to create such a group in Indian society which was Indian in blood and complexion, but British by conduct, language, thought, interest and wisdom.
The British government considerably succeeded in its purpose to same extent. With the spread of western education through English medium, a group of such Indians began to be created. They began to look down upon their own ancient Indian culture and civilization and started molding themselves into the western civilization and culture. In this way, western education had a negative effect on Indians.
Positive Effect of Western Education on the Indians:
The western education, with all its negative effects, proved beneficial for Indians in several ways. With the knowledge of English language, the Indian scholars began to study the literature of the western countries. The English literature is filled with the aspiration of freedom.
The Indians studied English literature and came to know about the thoughts of Voltaire, Burke, Herbert Spencer, Rouseau, J.S Mill and Benthem, etc. When Indians studied about the French revolution, freedom struggle of the United States of America, struggle of italy aganst foreign power and Irish struggle for freedom, they developed a feeling of national awakening and independence.
Many Indians went to England for higher, education. The English language as a medium of education in India, worked as a link language and bound the Indians living in different parts of the country into one national unit. The result was that the Indians developed a deep discontentment against the British in India and there was an increasing demand for reforms in the administration.