RBSE Solutions for Class 12 Business Studies Chapter 2 Management: Process or Functions Managerial Role and Levels

Rajasthan Board RBSE Class 12 Business Studies Chapter 2 Management: Process or Functions Managerial Role and Levels

RBSE Class 12 Business Studies Chapter 2 Textbook Exercise

RBSE Class 12 Business Studies Chapter 2 Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1.
What do you mean by management process?
Answer:
Management process consists of various steps, which start from planning and end at controlling for the attainment of organisational goals.

RBSE Solutions for Class 12 Business Studies Chapter 2 Management: Process or Functions Managerial Role and Levels

Question 2.
What does innovation imply?
Answer:
Innovation consists of developing new and better ways of doing things.

Question 3.
What do you mean by management functions?
Answer:
In the process of management, various functions are involved. These functions are known as management functions.

Question 4.
What are the primary functions of management?
Answer:
Primary functions of management are :

  1. Planning,
  2. Organising,
  3. Directing,
  4. Controlling,
  5. Coordination.

RBSE Solutions for Class 12 Business Studies Chapter 2 Management: Process or Functions Managerial Role and Levels

Question 5.
State the meaning of interpersonal role.
Answer:
Role in which managers maintain cordial relationship with their subordinates, peers and external persons is known as interpersonal role.

Question 6.
What is the important function of management according to Peter F. Drucker?
Answer:
Peter F. Drucker has regarded innovation as the most important and a major function of management.

Question 7.
What is the subject matter of Hintzberg’s research work?
Answer:
Subject matter of Hintzberg’s research work is the study of actual activities of five chief executives of an organisation.

RBSE Solutions for Class 12 Business Studies Chapter 2 Management: Process or Functions Managerial Role and Levels

Question 8.
Mention the different levels of management.
Answer:
Top level management, middle level management, lower level management.

Question 9.
What is liasioning role?
Answer:
Manager develops and maintains a network of contacts and informers, both outside and inside the organisation, which is very much essential for coordination and exchange of information between organisational departments and outside parties.

RBSE Class 12 Business Studies Chapter 2 Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Give two points of importance of management process.
Answer:

  • Management is a social process, as it basically depends on mutual relationship between people.
  • This process of achieving goals is applicable from an individual to all big-small business and non-business organisations. Therefore it’s a universal process.

Question 2.
What were the assumptions of Henry Hintzberg’s research study?
Answer:
Henry Hintzberg had done research on top level management of five big companies. He studied the working and behaviour of top executives. Assumptions of his research study are :

  • Managers in the organisation are at top level position and have the power of authority.
  • Authority and power helps them in building cordial interpersonal relationships with their colleagues and subordinates in the organisation.
  • Managers’ interpersonal relationship and behaviour develops the various aspects of the managers in the organisation.

RBSE Solutions for Class 12 Business Studies Chapter 2 Management: Process or Functions Managerial Role and Levels

Question 3.
Which is top level management?
Answer:
Top or executive management level refers to that group of executives which constitutes the highest level of management. The executives at this level represent the owners and are regarded as the centre of authority. They are responsible for taking care of crucial decisions. It is the ultimate source of authority which establishes goals, policies for the enterprise. This level consist of BODs, the chief executive officer, etc.

Question 4.

Top Level Management Middle Level Management
1. It is responsible for setting goals, objectives, policies of the organisation. 1. It is responsible for coordination between the top level and lower level management.
2. It is held responsible for the complete success or failure of the organisation. 2. It is held responsible for the departmental goals attainment.
3. It passes the orders to the middle level management for the attainment of organisational goals. 3. It passes the orders to the lower level management for the attainment of goals.

Question 5.
Give the functions of supervisory level of management.
Answer:
Functions of supervisory level of management are :

  1. To make day to day operative plans within the goals set by middle managers.
  2. To assign jobs, to advise, assist employees in understanding the plans, etc.
  3. To oversee the performance of workers, to correct their performance.
  4. To impart training to the employees.
  5. To guide the workers and to solve their problems.

RBSE Solutions for Class 12 Business Studies Chapter 2 Management: Process or Functions Managerial Role and Levels

Question 6.
List out the secondary functions of management.
Answer:
RBSE Solutions for Class 12 Business Studies Chapter 2 Management: Process or Functions Managerial Role and Levels

Question 7.
What do you mean by negotiation?
Answer:
Negotiation means to bargain and settle the deal with other individuals or groups (within and outside the organisation) in order to benefit the organisation. A manager generally does this. In this role, the manager acts as a mediator/arbitrator in case of conflicts within various organisations.

Question 8.
Who are the middle level executives of an organisation?
Answer:
Middle level executives of an organisation are as follows :

  1. Regional manager
  2. Departmental manager
  3. Operations manager
  4. Plant manager/superitendent
  5. Factory heads
  6. Area manager.

RBSE Solutions for Class 12 Business Studies Chapter 2 Management: Process or Functions Managerial Role and Levels

Question 9.
Show the classification of managerial role with the help of a flowchart.
Answer:
RBSE Solutions for Class 12 Business Studies Chapter 2 Management: Process or Functions Managerial Role and Levels

RBSE Class 12 Business Studies Chapter 2 Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What do you understand by the process of management. Explain its salient features.
Answer:
The planned efforts or set of such efforts for achievement of targets is known as Management. Management is a series of inter-related, interdependent functions. This is known as Process of Management. Management process consists of a number of functions, but the primary functions commonly performed are planning, organising, staffing, directing and controlling.
Characteristics of Management Process:

  1. Management is a process of continuous and dynamic functions.
  2. All the functions of management are performed by managers. Therefore, it is a human process.
  3. The process of management basically depends on mutual relationship between people. Thus, it’s a social process.
  4. Management makes attempts to achieve goals through its effect. Thus, it is an effective and result-oriented process.
  5. This process of achieving goals is applicable from individuals to all big-small business and non-business organisations. Therefore, it is a universal process.

RBSE Solutions for Class 12 Business Studies Chapter 2 Management: Process or Functions Managerial Role and Levels

Question 2.
What is management process ? Discuss various functions of management.
Answer:
RBSE Solutions for Class 12 Business Studies Chapter 2 Management: Process or Functions Managerial Role and Levels

Primary functions of management are :
(i) Planning :
Planning is deciding in advance what is to be done in future. It involves selection of objectives, policies, procedures and programmes for attaining enterprise goals. In the words of Nyles, “Planning is a sensitive process of developing and selecting the best working plans to achieve the objectives.”
(ii) Organising :
Organising is the process of developing a structure of relationships between human and physical factors and activities in an organisation. It is related to identifying the work activities and division of work.
(iii) Directing :
Directing means moving to action and supplying stimulating power to a group of persons. How to make optimum utilisation of available resources to accomplish tasks, to achieve maximum success or to achieve the goals is ‘directing’.
(iv) Controlling :
Controlling ensures the efficient performance of managerial functions. Controlling is the final function that every manager performs.
(v) Coordination :
To bring harmony in team efforts and to bring unity in employees’ actions, coordination is required. Coordination is not regarded as a separate function. It is implicit and inherent in each function.

Secondary functions are :
(i) Decision-making :
It is the process of selecting the best alternative out of the available alternatives identified for doing a work. It is an intellectual activity related to choosing the most viable, feasible course of action, out of the possible alternatives.
(ii) Staffing :
Staffing helps in determining the right quality and quantity of human resources in an organisation. It ensures selection and maintenance of right and competent human resources on sustained basis.
(iii) Innovation :
Innovation is an important function of management. Innovation consists of developing new and better ways of doing things.
(iv) Communication :
Communication is the exchange of views, ideas, facts, information and feelings between the management and employees. It is the transmission of messages, instructions, orders, suggestions and information at different levels of management.
(v) Representation :
Every manager represents his organisation while dealing with a number of outside groups to maintain good relations with the stakeholders and to be in contact with various interest groups.

RBSE Solutions for Class 12 Business Studies Chapter 2 Management: Process or Functions Managerial Role and Levels

Question 3.
Give the meaning of ‘role of management’. Elucidate the managerial role stated by Hintzberg.
Answer:
Role means behaviour or set of behaviours and functions or set of functions which is expected by organisation and society according to which, the manager plays his role and behaves. This is known as Role of Management. There are two basic approaches of studying what managers do.
(i) Functional Approach :
This states that every manager must perform certain functions like planning, organising, etc.
(ii) Managerial Role Approach :
The approach of studying what managers actually do is known as Managerial Role Approach. It is developed by Henry Hintzberg. According to Prof. Hintzberg, every manager plays ten related roles. He classified these roles into the following three categories :
(a) Interpersonal Roles :
These roles are the roles in which managers maintain interpersonal relations with their subordinates, peers and external persons and organisations, by virtue of their formal authority and position in the organisation. All the managers play the following interpersonal roles :
RBSE Solutions for Class 12 Business Studies Chapter 2 Management: Process or Functions Managerial Role and Levels

(b) Informational Roles :
To maintain and develop information network by creating a
network of interpersonal relations with others. All managers have to play this informational role. They emerge as a nerve centre of information. Under it, managers play the following three roles :
RBSE Solutions for Class 12 Business Studies Chapter 2 Management: Process or Functions Managerial Role and Levels

(c) Decisional Roles :
It is the strategy-making role of managers. Decisional roles emerge as a result of performance of interpersonal and informational roles. These roles are as follows :
RBSE Solutions for Class 12 Business Studies Chapter 2 Management: Process or Functions Managerial Role and Levels

RBSE Solutions for Class 12 Business Studies Chapter 2 Management: Process or Functions Managerial Role and Levels

Question 4.
Why is there a need of different levels of managerial functions ? Explain the functions performed by the managers at different levels.
Answer:
Need of Managerial Levels :
In every organisation, the work, functions and authorities are divided among employees of top to lower level. Accordingly, superior-subordinate relationship is created. This hierarchy of management interlinks all the superiors and the subordinates. It is not possible for the real owners to initiate all the business activities on their own. So, they divide the work and authorities, creating three levels. On the top comes the apex level, which works for the welfare and achievement of organisation. It enjoy maximum degree of authority.

One which works in between the top and lower is middle level. It is responsible for implementation of plans, policies. Lastly, comes the lower level which works at the lowest level. It is responsible for day to day operative plans and assigning jobs to the operating employees.

Functions of Management Levels :
Three levels of management are

  1. Top level management
  2. Middle level management
  3. Lower level management

Functions of Top Level Management :

  1. To set the organisational goals, objectives.
  2. To being long-term stability in the enterprise.
  3. To act, build and maintain relations with the stakeholders.
  4. Role related to legal matters.
  5. To coordinate the activities of all the departments to achieve organisational goals.
  6. To maintain high standard of efficiency and economy in the employees.

Functions of Middle Level Management :

  1. To interpret and explain policies and plans of the organisation.
  2. To prepare and issue instructions regarding implementation of plans and policies.
  3. To train, develop and motivate the first-line managers.
  4. To participate in first-line decision-making.
  5. To organise and give training to supervisors.
  6. To submit progress reports and other important data to the top management.

Function of Lower Level Management :

  1. To make day to day plans and budgets.
  2. To assign jobs, to advise and assist employees in understanding the plans, procedures, methods and systems.
  3. To impart training to the employees.
  4. To evaluate the performance of workers.
  5. To coordinate between different operative units.
  6. To maintain cordial human relations in their units.

RBSE Class 12 Business Studies Chapter 2 Additional Questions

RBSE Class 12 Business Studies Chapter 2 Objective Type Questions

Question 1.
“Process is a systematic way of doing things.” It is said by:
(a) Sloner
(b) Nyles
(c) Goetz
(d) Henry Hintzberg
Answer:
(a) Sloner

RBSE Solutions for Class 12 Business Studies Chapter 2 Management: Process or Functions Managerial Role and Levels

Question 2.
“Planning, organising, controlling.” This process of management is given by:
(a) Henry Fayol
(b) Luther Gullick
(c) Bruck
(d) Ralf Davis
Answer:
(d) Ralf Davis

Question 3.
Management functions are of:
(a) four types
(b) three types
(c) two types
(d) none of these
Answer:
(c) two types

RBSE Solutions for Class 12 Business Studies Chapter 2 Management: Process or Functions Managerial Role and Levels

Question 4.
“Coordination is the essence of management.” This definition is given by:
(a) Weihrich & Koontz
(b) Henry Fayol
(c) Hintzberg
(d) None of these
Answer:
(a) Weihrich & Koontz

Question 5.
“To perform the primary functions, sub-functions or subsidiary functions are done.” These are known as:
(a) secondary functions
(b) primary functions
(c) Both (a) and (b)
(d) None of these
Answer:
(a) secondary functions

Question 6.
Defining the problem is the second step in the process of:
(a) coordination
(b) planning
(c) decision-making
(d) staffing
Answer:
(c) decision-making

RBSE Solutions for Class 12 Business Studies Chapter 2 Management: Process or Functions Managerial Role and Levels

Question 7.
Innovation is the most important and a major function of management. Who said this ?
(a) Peter F. Drucker
(b) Henry Fayol
(c) Henry Hintzberg
(d) All of the above
Answer:
(a) Peter F. Drucker

Question 8.
“The time spent on each management function varies with every management level.” This is stated by :
(a) Peter F. Drucker
(b) Henry Fayol
(c) H. Hintzberg
(d) None of these
Answer:
(c) H. Hintzberg

RBSE Solutions for Class 12 Business Studies Chapter 2 Management: Process or Functions Managerial Role and Levels

Question 9.
Managerial roles are of types :
(a) four types
(b) three types
(c) two types
(d) None of these
Answer:
(b) three types

Question 10.
Board of Directors/MD is the part of this type of management:
(a) lower level
(b) top level
(c) middle level
(d) None of these
Answer:
(b) top level

RBSE Class 12 Business Studies Chapter 2 Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Enlist the primary functions of management.
Answer:

  1. Planning
  2. Organising
  3. Directing
  4. Controlling
  5. Coordination

RBSE Solutions for Class 12 Business Studies Chapter 2 Management: Process or Functions Managerial Role and Levels

Question 2.
Mention the secondary functions of management.
Answer:

  1. Decision-making
  2. Staffing
  3. Innovation
  4. Communication
  5. Representation

Question 3.
Mention two functions of process of managment.
Answer:

  1. Management is a process of continuous and dynamic function.
  2. All the functions of management are done by managers. Therefore, it is a human process.

Question 4.
Enlist the functions of management given by Henry Fayol.
Answer:
Planning, organising, commanding, coordination and controlling.

RBSE Solutions for Class 12 Business Studies Chapter 2 Management: Process or Functions Managerial Role and Levels

Question 5.
Mention the types of management functions.
Answer:
There are two types of management functions :

  1. Primary function,
  2. Secondary function.

Question 6.
Enlist the main elements of planning.
Answer:
Objectives, policies, methods, techniques, rules, programme strategy, standard time, budget, etc.

Question 7.
Planning is of two types. Mention its types.
Answer:

  1. Short-term planning
  2. Long-term planning.

Question 8.
“Management and decision-making are synonymous to each other.” This definition was given by :
Answer:
Herbert Simon.

RBSE Solutions for Class 12 Business Studies Chapter 2 Management: Process or Functions Managerial Role and Levels

Question 9.
Define innovation in the words of Peter F. Drucker.
Answer:
Innovation is regarded as the most important and a major function of management.

Question 10.
Define communication.
Answer:
Communication is the exchange of views, ideas, facts, information and feeling between two or more persons.

Question 11.
How much time does top management spend on planning?
Answer:
20%.

Question 12.
Mention three types of managerial roles.
Answer:

  1. Interpersonal role
  2. Informational role
  3. Decisional role.

RBSE Solutions for Class 12 Business Studies Chapter 2 Management: Process or Functions Managerial Role and Levels

Question 13.
Mention the interpersonal roles played by manager.
Answer:

  1. The figurehead role
  2. Leader’s role
  3. Liasion officer’s role.

Question 14.
Explain interpersonal roles.
Answer:
These roles are the roles in which managers maintain interpersonal relations with their subordinates, peers and external persons in organisations.

Question 15.
Who spends the maximum time in strategy making ?
Answer:
Top level management.

RBSE Solutions for Class 12 Business Studies Chapter 2 Management: Process or Functions Managerial Role and Levels

Question 16.
Mention the types of managerial level.
Answer:

  1. Top level management
  2. Middle level management
  3. Lower level management

Question 17.
Enlist any two functions of top level management.
Answer:

  1. To set up organisational framework.
  2. To delegate and decentralise authority.

Question 18.
Define top level management.
Answer:
It refers to that group of executives which constitutes the highest level of management.

RBSE Solutions for Class 12 Business Studies Chapter 2 Management: Process or Functions Managerial Role and Levels

Question 19.
Write any two functions of middle level management.
Answer:

  1. To interpret and explain policies and plans of the organisation.
  2. To prepare and issue instructions regarding implementation of plans and policies.

Question 20.
Who acts as a midway between the top level management and lower level management?
Answer:
Middle level management.

Question 21.
Lower level management is also known as?
Answer:
First line Operational/Supervisory level management.

RBSE Solutions for Class 12 Business Studies Chapter 2 Management: Process or Functions Managerial Role and Levels

Question 22.
Write two advantages of coordination.
Answer:

  1. To bring harmony in the efforts of individuals.
  2. To bring unity in the actions of employees in the organisation.

Question 23.
Innovation is an important function of management. This statement has been given by:
Answer:
Earnest Dale.

Question 24.
Define process according to Sloner.
Answer:
Process is a systematic way of doing things, or a systematic method of doing things.

RBSE Solutions for Class 12 Business Studies Chapter 2 Management: Process or Functions Managerial Role and Levels

Question 25.
Define planning according to Goetz.
Answer:
Planning is a selection process and the process of planning takes place with discovering , the alternatives ways of completing any work.

Question 26.
Write two types of decisional roles.
Answer:

  1. Entrepreneur’s role
  2. Resource Allocator’s role.

Question 27.
Explain the leader role of manager.
Answer:
This role involves the activities required for staffing and maintaining productive human resources.

Question 28.
How much time does middle level management spend on controlling?
Answer:
10%.

RBSE Solutions for Class 12 Business Studies Chapter 2 Management: Process or Functions Managerial Role and Levels

Question 29.
How much time do lower level managers spend on planning?
Answer:
5%.

Question 30.
Who spends the least time in planning process?
Answer:
Lower level management.

Question 31.
According to Prof. Hintzberg, how many related roles are played by every manager?
Answer:
10/Ten related roles.

Question 32.
H. Hintzberg is a management thinker from which university?
Answer:
MacGill University.

Question 33.
What is transmission of messages, instructions, orders, suggestions and information at different levels of management known as?
Answer:
Communication.

RBSE Solutions for Class 12 Business Studies Chapter 2 Management: Process or Functions Managerial Role and Levels

Question 34.
Who has given the concept of managerial roles approach?
Answer:
Henry Hintzberg and his colleagues.

Question 35.
Where do Lower level managers spend maximum time?
Answer:
Leading (55%).

Question 36.
Which is at is the apex level of management?
Answer:
Top level management.

Question 37.
Monitors role comes in the category of which managerial role?
Answer:
Informational roles.

Question 38.
Who propounded managerial role constellation?
Answer:
Henry Hintzberg.

RBSE Solutions for Class 12 Business Studies Chapter 2 Management: Process or Functions Managerial Role and Levels

Question 39.
CEO/Chairman/General manager comes in the category of which level of management?
Answer:
pp level management.

Question 40.
Operations manager/Regional manager comes in the category of which level of management?
Answer:
Middle level management.

Question 41.
Define supervision management in the words of R. C. Davis.
Answer:
Supervision management means those managers who provide operating leadership and their main function is to personally monitor and give instructions to the operative employees.

Question 42.
Who are responsible for the implementation of the operational plans developed by middle managers ?
Answer:
The first line managers.

Question 43.
How many steps does controlling process have?
Answer:
5 steps.

RBSE Solutions for Class 12 Business Studies Chapter 2 Management: Process or Functions Managerial Role and Levels

Question 44.
Mention the management functions according to Koontz O’ Donel.
Answer:
Planning, organising, staffing, directing and control.

Question 45.
Which process helps in answering these questions?

  1. What is to be done?
  2. Why is it to be done?
  3. How the work will be done?
  4. Who will do the work, etc.?

Answer:
Planning process.

Question 46.
Management process in a universal process. Explain.
Answer:
This process of achieving goals is applicable from individuals to all big-small business and non-business organisations. Therefore, it is a universal process.

Question 47.
What is anagement function also known as?
Answer:
Management model.

RBSE Solutions for Class 12 Business Studies Chapter 2 Management: Process or Functions Managerial Role and Levels

Question 48.
Write the two steps of process of controlling.
Answer:

  1. Establishing standards of performance for activities.
  2. Measuring the actual performance.

Question 49.
Coordination is the essence of management. Who said this?
Answer:
Weihrich and Koontz.

Question 50.
Feedback and follow-up action is the final step of which process?
Answer:
Decision-making.

RBSE Class 12 Business Studies Chapter 2 Short Answer Type Questions (SA-I)

Question 1.
Define primary functions.
Answer:
Primary function of management includes the implementation of planning, requires competent staff and continuous direction to be given to them to harmonise and unify individual and group efforts in coordination. This is known as Primary Function. It includes :

  1. Planning
  2. Organising
  3. Directing A
  4. Controlling
  5. Coordination.

RBSE Solutions for Class 12 Business Studies Chapter 2 Management: Process or Functions Managerial Role and Levels

Question 2.
Define planning in the words of Nyles.
Answer:
Planning is a sensitive process of developing and selecting the best working plans to achieve objectives. Planning is basically the selection of best alternative out of the available alternatives to complete a work and to change these alternatives according to the changing environment.

Question 3.
Describe the main elements of planning.
Answer:
Main elements of planning are objectives, policies, methods, techniques, rules, programme, strategy, standards, time, budget, etc. A plan can be long-term of it can be short term.

Question 4.
Write the steps of controlling process.
Answer:

  1. Establishing standards of performance for activities.
  2. Measuring the actual performance.
  3. Comparing the actual performance with the set standards.
  4. Finding out deviations between actual and set performance if any and analysing the deviations.
  5. Taking corrective steps to remove significant variations so that they should not occur again.

Question 5.
Mention the steps of decision-making.
Answer:

  1. Analysing the problem.
  2. Defining the problem.
  3. Developing alternative causes of actions/altemative situations to the problem.
  4. Evaluating and choosing the best course of action.
  5. Feedback and follow-up action.

RBSE Solutions for Class 12 Business Studies Chapter 2 Management: Process or Functions Managerial Role and Levels

Question 6.
Define managerial role and its types.
Answer:
Roles means behaviour or set of behaviours and functions or set of functions of managers which is expected by organisation and society, and accordingly, a manager plays his role and works for the attainment for organisational goals. This is known as Managerial Role.
Its types are as follows :

  1. Interpersonal rules
  2. Informational rules
  3. Decisional rules
  4. Explain informational rules and its types

All managers maintain and develop information network by creating a network of interpersonal relations with others, through this network, they receive collect and disseminate various information facts and knowledge. Hence, they emerge as a nerve centre of information.

Types of informational roles are :

  1. The monitors role
  2. Dissemination role
  3. Spokesperson’s role

Question 7.
Describe four functions of top level management.
Answer:

  1. To maintain high standard of efficiency and economy in employees.
  2. To build and maintain relations with the stakeholders.
  3. To act as trustee and to provide protection to organisational assets.
  4. To set up an organisational framework and to delegate and decentralise authority.

Question 8.
Draw a flowchart of different levels of management.
Answer:
RBSE Solutions for Class 12 Business Studies Chapter 2 Management: Process or Functions Managerial Role and Levels

Question 9.
Explain coordination.
Answer:
Every organisation consists of employees with different backgrounds, roles, functions, working efficiency and working styles which creates the possibility of individual and interpersonal conflicts. To bring harmony in their efforts and to bring unity in their actions, coordination is required. Management makes efforts for coordinating different activities in the organisation. Coordination is not regarded as a separate function of management. It is involved in each function of management.

RBSE Solutions for Class 12 Business Studies Chapter 2 Management: Process or Functions Managerial Role and Levels

Question 10.
What are secondary functions ? Mention their types.
Answer:
To perform the primary functions, sub-functions or subsidiary functions are performed, which are known as Secondary Functions. They may vary from organisation to organisation depending on their management, resources, etc.
Types of secondary functions are :

  1. Decision-making
  2. Staffing .
  3. Innovation
  4. Communication .
  5. Representation

RBSE Class 12 Business Studies Chapter 2 Short Answer Type Questions (SA-II)

Question 1.
Explain Primary functions. Mention their types and explain any two types.
Answer:
Primary function means the basis for organisational goals attainment. These are a must for every organisation to ensure its survival and growth.
Types of primary functions are :

  1. Planning
  2. Organising
  3. Directing
  4. Controlling
  5. Coordination.

1. Planning:
Planning is deciding in advance what has to be done in future. It involves selection of objectives, policies, procedures and programmes for attaining organisational goals.
2. Controlling:
Controlling ensures the efficient performance of managerial functions. Controlling is the final function that every manager performs. Controlling is the process of, confirming the activities according to plans.

Question 2.
Explain interpersonal role and its types.
Answer:
Interpersonal roles are the roles in which managers maintain interpersonal relations with their subordinates, peers and external persons and organisations, by virtue of their formal authority and status in the organisation.
Its types are as follows :
(i) The Figurehead Role :
Every manager plays such role as the head or chief of the organisation which is symbolic or social and ceremonial in nature.
(ii) The Leader Role :
This role involves the activities required for staffing and maintaining productive human resources-motivating, encouraging, influencing, leading, integrating and developing the subordinates to achieve organisational goals.
(iii) The Liasion Role :
In this role, a manager develops and maintains a network of contacts and informers both outside and inside the organisation.

RBSE Solutions for Class 12 Business Studies Chapter 2 Management: Process or Functions Managerial Role and Levels

Question 3.
Define Top level management and mention its four functions.
Answer:
Top or executive management level refers to that group of executives which constitutes the highest level of management. The executives at this level represent the owners and are regarded as the centre of authority. They are responsible for taking crucial decisions.
Its functions are as follows :

  1. To bring long-term stability in the enterprise.
  2. To coordinate the activities of all the departments to achieve organisational goals.
  3. To act as trustee and to provide protection to organisational assets.
  4. To build and maintain relations with the stakeholders.

Question 4.
Explain lower level of management and write its four functions.
Answer:
It refers to those executives who are basically concerned with the personal observation and direction of Operative employees. They include managers,just above the workers or the operative employees. They are more concerned with directing and controlling functions, of management.
Functions, of lower level of management are :

  1. To maintain-good .human relations in their units.
  2. IV coordinate‘between different operative units.
  3. To evaluate the performance of workers.
  4. To maintain loyalty and discipline in the entire organisation.

Question 5.
Explain decision-making function of management and mention its steps.
Answer:
The process of selecting the best alternative out of available alternatives identified for doing a work is known as decision-making. It is an intellectual activity related to choosing the most viable, feasible course of action, out of the possible alternatives.
Steps of decision-making are :

  1. Analysing the problem.
  2. Defining the problem.
  3. Developing alternative courses of actions/alternatives to the problem.
  4. Evaluating and choosing the best course of action.
  5. Feedback and follow-up action.

Question 6.
Explain communication. Why is it an important function of management?
Answer:
Communication is the exchange of views, ideas, facts, information and feelings between the management and employees. In other words, communication is the transmission of messages, instructions, orders, suggestions and information at different levels of management.

Communication is important as it helps the workers and employees to work efficiently and smoothly so that they can share their views, feelings, expectations with each other in the organisation. Without this, to work in a group for a common objective is next to impossible as they don’t know what they have to do and communication only prevents rumours, chaos, misunderstanding, etc. to create a positive environment in an organisation.

RBSE Solutions for Class 12 Business Studies Chapter 2 Management: Process or Functions Managerial Role and Levels

Question 7.
How isorganising an integral part of management ?
Answer:
Organising is an integral part of management as it is related to identifying the work activities and division of work, determining job positions, making departments, assigning ! duties, etc. to achieve organisational goals. So, organising is the process of developing a structure of relationship between human and physical factors in an organisation.
Organising helps in :

  1. Identifying the span of management.
  2. Success and stability of an organisation.
  3. It is regarded as the backbone of any organisation.

Question 8.
What is known as the heart of management ? Explain it.
Answer:
Directing function of management is known as Heart of Management.
Directing means moving to action and supplying stimulating power to a group of persons. It helps in optimum utilisation of resources available in the organisation for the attainment of organisational goals with higher success. Inspite of the same resources, the result achieved is different with different managers, this is the art of direction as to how the resources are being directed.

RBSE Class 12 Business Studies Chapter 2 Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
‘Management is the process of getting the work done through others.’ Explain this and enlist the important functions/primary functions of management.
Answer:
Management is the process of getting the work done through others, this is true as manager for any organisation is that person who does all the planning, organising, etc. for the attainment of organisational goals. He takes the decisions and applies them on the other employees to work effectively and efficiently. He guides them and helps them for the optimum utilisation of resources for the better growth of the organisation. He acts as a central person in between the top level and lower level. So, a manager manages the things or gets the things done through others and checks whether things Or actions are being done in line with . expectations or not

Primary on main functions of management are :
planning, organising directing, controlling, coordination.
(i) Planning :
Planning is deciding in advance what is to be done in future. It involves selection of objectives, policies, procedures and programmes for attaining organisational goals.
(ii) Organising:
Organising is the process of developing a structure of relationship between human and physical factors and activities in the organisation. It is regarded as the backbone of any organisation.
(iii) Directing :
Directing means moving to action and supplying stimulating power to a group of persons. It helps in optimum utilisation of available resources for the attainment of organisational goals with maximum success rate.
(iv) Controlling :
Controlling ensures the efficient performance of managerial functions. Controlling is the final function that every manager performs to ensure that results are attained as per the planning process.
(v) Coordination :
Coordination is the essence of management. It is needed for achieving harmony among individual efforts towards the attainment/accomplishment of group goals. Each management function needs to be coordinated with other functions.

RBSE Solutions for Class 12 Business Studies Chapter 2 Management: Process or Functions Managerial Role and Levels

Question 2.
Define managerial role and explain the decisional roles of management.
Answer:
Role means behaviour or set of functions of managers which is expected by organisation and society. This is known as Managerial Role which every manager plays for the attainment of organisational goals.

Decisional Roles of Management :
This is the strategy-making role of managers. Decisional roles emerge as a result of performance of interpersonal and informationl roles. These roles are as follows :
(i) Entrepreneurial Role :
By this role, a manager identifies various opportunities, threats, strengths and weaknesses of organisation and accordingly implements changes and corrective measures.

(ii) The Disturbance Handler Role :
A manager takes decisions in response to unforeseen and non-routine problems and takes corrective actions needed to resolve important but unexpected disturbances like strikes, etc. He pays immediate attention to such problems and finds suitable remedies.

(iii) The Resource Allocation Role :
A manager makes work-plan or programme of time management, and allocates resources like finance, raw materials, etc. He fixes resource priorities for different departments. For this purpose, he predicts the future needs of the resources, prepares budgets, time schedules for sub-ordinates, etc.

(iv) The Negotiation Role :
A manager, under this role, negotiates and settles the deal with other individuals or groups (within and outside the organisation) in order to benefit the organisation. Top level management usually negotiates with trade unions representatives, etc.

RBSE Solutions for Class 12 Business Studies