Rajasthan Board RBSE Class 12 Geography Chapter 17 Energy Resources
RBSE Class 12 Geography Chapter 17 Text Book Questions
RBSE Class 12 Geography Chapter 17 Multiple Choice Questions
Question 1.
In which state is Ankleshwar oil field situated?
(a) Assam
(b) Maharashtra
(c) Andhra Pradesh
(d) Gujarat
Answer:
(d) Gujarat
Question 2.
From which state is highest quantity of thorium obtained?
(a) Tamil Nadu
(b) Kerala
(c) Karnataka
(d) Maharashtra
Answer:
(b) Kerala
Question 3.
For what is Bombay High famous?
(a) Submarine manufacturing
(b) Atomic reactor
(c) Petroleum reserves
(d) Fisheries
Answer:
(c) Petroleum reserves
Question 4.
Noonmati oil refinery in India is situated at:
(a) Bihar
(b) Maharashtra
(c) Kerala
(d) Assam
Answer:
(d) Assam
Question 5.
Suitable condition for production of solar energy is found at:
(a) Tamil Nadu
(b) Rajasthan
(c) Uttranchal
(d) MP
Answer:
(b) Rajasthan
Question 6.
In which region most of the petroleum reserve of India is found?
(a) Bombay High
(b) Godavari basin
(c) Gujarat coast
(d) Brahmaputra valley
Answer:
(a) Bombay High
Question 7.
The leading state from coal reserve point of view is:
(a) MP
(b) Chhattisgarh
(c) Jharkhand
(d) Odisha
Answer:
(c) Jharkhand
Question 8.
The longest pipeline of petroleum is:
(a) Noonmati – Barauni
(b) Mathura – Jalandhar
(c) Salaya – Mathura
(d) Mumbai – Jalandhar
Answer:
(c) Salaya – Mathura
Question 9.
Which of these is important among non-conventional energy sources?
(a) Solar energy
(b) Wind energy
(c) Tidal energy
(d) Energy from Wastes
Answer:
(a) Solar energy
Question 10.
In which river basin the reserves of coal are not found?
(a) Brahmaputra
(b) Godavari
(c) Damodar
(d) Ganga
Answer:
(d) Ganga
RBSE Class 12 Geography Chapter 17 Very Short Answer Type Questions
Question 11.
Write the names of conventional energy resources found in India.
Answer:
In these resources – coal, petroleum, natural gas, thermal energy, atomic energy and hydro – electricity are included.
Question 12.
Write the names of non – conventional energy resources found in India.
Answer:
Wind energy, solar energy and bio energy are non – conventional energy resources found in India.
Question 13.
Where is tertiary period coal found?
Answer:
It is found in Assam, Meghalaya, Jammu – Kashmir, Tamil Nadu, Rajasthan, Arunachal Pradesh, and West Bengal.
Question 14.
Write the names of five major coal producing states of India.
Answer:
- Jharkhand
- Odisha
- Chhattisgarh
- M.P.
- Maharashtra
Question 15.
Write the names of major mineral oil reserves in India.
Answer:
- Bombay High offshore field.
- Aliabet Island and Bassein offshore field.
- Brahmaputra and Surma valley of Assam.
- Gulf of Kutch in Gujarat, Vadodara, Surat, Bharuch, Mehsana and Kheda districts.
- Krishna, Kaveri, Godavari basin’s offshore field
- Barmer district of Rajasthan.
Question 16.
Write’the names and capacity of five major oil refineries of India.
Answer:
Oil Refineries Present Refining capacity (in tons):
| Oil Refineries | Present Refining capacity (in tons) |
| Reliance Industries Ltd. (Moti Khavadi Jamnagar) | 33.0 |
| Reliance Petroleum Ltd (Jamnagar) | 27.0 |
| Essar Oil Ltd. (Vadinar) | 18.0 |
| Mangalore Refinery and Petro-chemicals Ltd. (Mangalore) | 15.0 |
| Indian Oil Corporation Ltd. (Panipat) | 15.0 |
Question 17.
Write the names of five major hydro-electricity projects of India.
Answer:
- Nagarjuna Sagar
- SriSailem
- Shiva Samudram
- Bhakhra – Nangal
- Narmada Sagar project
Question 18.
Write the names of major minerals of atomic energy.
Answer:
- Uranium
- Thorium
- Ilmenite
- Beryllium
- Graphite
Question 19.
Write the names of five solar energy producing states of India.
Answer:
- Gujarat
- Rajasthan
- Andhra Pradesh
- Maharashtra
- Tamil Nadu.
Question 20.
Write the uses of solar energy.
Answer:
To heat water, ripening of crops, cooking food, electricity production, running electric pumps, domestic use and industrial use, etc.
RBSE Class 12 Geography Chapter 17 Short Answer Type Questions
Question 21.
Write the status of energy resources in India.
Answer:
In India, the status of energy resources cannot be said to be satisfactory. The total produced electric power is obtained from coal, petroleum, natural gas, atomic energy and hydro – electricity which are conventional energy sources. In 2011, 64.1% part of the total produced electricity came from thermal power (coal), 32.21% from hydro – electricity and rest 3.7% was being obtained from atomic energy resources. It is clear that even today, coal is the biggest source of thermal electricity. On the other hand, in the country, solar energy, bio energy and tidal energy sources have developed on a limited level.
Question 22.
Describe the production, distribution and possibilities of hydro – electricity in India.
Answer:
Hydro – electricity Production:
In India, in 2010, the production of hydro – electricity was around 164 thousand megawatt. In 2011, 32 – 2% of total produced electricity was obtained from hydro-electricity.
Distribution of hydro – electricity:
In hydro – electricity production of India, major states are – Andhra Pradesh – Telangana, Karnataka and Maharashtra, where, in 2013-14, of the total produced electricity in India, 11.18%, 11.08% and 10.16% part were obtained respectively. Punjab (8.19%), Tamil Nadu (659%), Odisha (6.31%), Kerala (6.04%), M.P. (5.96%), Himachal Pradesh (5.16%) and north – eastern states (10.14%) are other hydro – electricity producing states.
Possibilities:
In 2016, the total potential electricity capacity was 42.8 thousand MW, of which only 14.4% part could be developed. Almost 60% of the estimated hydro – electricity sources of India are in the rivers originating from the Himalayas. The major rivers are Brahmaputra, Ganga, Indus and its tributaries. 20% part of this power lies in the rivers of south that flow from north to south and west to south – east and towards east and rest 20% estimated part lies in the Western Ghats, and the rivers originating from central India that flow from east to west.
Question 23.
Give details of solar and wind energy in India.
Answer:
Solar Energy in India:
Being a tropical country, there are endless possibilities of solar energy in India. In the maximum parts of the country, 300 days remain sunny with clear skies. In India, each year, 5000 trillion KW/hour radiation is obtained. At present in India. Photovoltaic system of 66.5 MW capacity, have been developed. In India, 6 lakh domestic light apparatus, 8 lakh solar lanterns, 90 thousand solar energy powered street lights and 141 solar power packs have been established.
In solar energy production, Gujarat is the leading state with 67% of total solar energy production – while Rajasthan (20.2%), Andhra Pradesh (2.2%), Maharashtra (2.0%) and Tamil Nadu (1.5%) are other solar energy producing states.
Wind Energy in India:
Its production capacity of wind energy is 45 thousand MW. In wind energy producing states of the country, Tamil Nadu (6007 MW) is on the first position. In this state, the biggest wind energy unit of Asia (with production capacity of 150 MW) is working at Muppdal while Gujarat (2884 MW), Maharashtra (2310 MW), Karnataka (1730 MW) and Rajasthan (1524 MW) are other wind energy producing states.
RBSE Class 12 Geography Chapter 17 Essay Type Questions
Question 24.
Write a note on coal resources in India.
Answer:
Coal is said to be the mother of industries, black gold and the symbol of power. India has the third place in coal production in the world after China and United States of America. India produces about 5% coal of the world.
Coal Production area in India:
In India, major areas of coal deposits are from the rocks of Gondwana and Teritiary period. Out of total coal production, 98% coal is produced from the rocks of Gondwana period. Coal of Gondwana period are found from:
1. Godavari river valley area:
In Andhra Pradesh-Telangana state, between Godavari and Tanduri rivers, expansion of coal field is found on 250 square km area. In Godavari river valley, out of India’s total reserves, 7.5% part is present. Singreni is the biggest coal field of this area. Adilabad, Karimnagar, Khammam, Warangal, and west Godavari are the other coalfields of this area. In Andhra Pradesh, each year, near about 332 lakh tons coal is produced.
2. Mahanadi valley area:
The coal fields of this river valley are extended in Odisha state. In 2012-13, 16.63% coal of the country was produced in Odisha. In this state, Talcher coalfield in Dhenknal district is an important coal producing area.
3. Damodar valley area:
It is the biggest coal producing region of the country. Each year, 50% coal of the country is obtained from here. The coalfields of this area are extended in Jharkhand and West Bengal states. In Bardhman, Bankura, and Purulia districts of West Bengal, large amount of coal is produced, and Raniganj is the biggest coal producing field of the country.
In Jharkhand state, Jharia is the biggest coal producing area, where best quality of coal – bituminous is produced. Giridih, Bokaro, Ramgarh, north and south Karanpura, Auranga, Hutar and Daltonganj are other coal producing areas. In coal production, Jharkhand has the first place in country.
4. Son river valley area:
This area is extended in M.P. there, Umaria. Sohagpur and Singrauli are the major coal producing areas. Here, in Shahdol and Sidhi districts, and Singrauli are extended as major coal producing area.
5. Wardha river valley area:
Chandrapur, Ballarpur, Yavatmal, Barora and Nagpur districts are leading coal producing areas of Maharashtra state. In these areas, low-quality coal in the form of powder is obtained.
6. Other Coal Areas:
(a) Chhattisgarh coal field:
In 2012-13, about 17% of the total coal production of India was done in Chhattisgarh state and in the coal producing states of India, Chhattisgarh remained on the second place after Jharkhand. Ramkola, Tatapani, Korba, Jhilmil, Vishrampur, Lakhanpur and Chirmiri are major coal producing areas of this state.
(b) Satpura coal areas:
Most coal fields of M.P. are found in Satpura range area, in the upper and lower slopes of Satpura Mohpani and nearby part Kanhan valley area, and other then this, Patherkhera is the major coal region of Betul district.
Question 25.
Write a note on the non-conventional energy sources of India.
Answer:
The conventional energy sources like coal and petroleum are not only limited and exhaustable, but also cause pollution. That is why, in India, emphasis is given on the use of renewable energy resources. In 1982, in India, under the ministry of energy, the foundation of non – conventional energy department was laid. While in 1987, with the help of World Bank, IRDA was founded.
In India, this institution lays emphasis on the use and development of solar energy, wind energy, biomass energy, oceanic energy and hydrogenic energy. In this context, the details of three non – conventional energy sources of India- wind energy, solar energy and biomass energy are given below:
1. Wind energy:
The energy produced by the motion of wind is called wind energy. The wind energy is pollution free and endless source of energy. Through this, the motion of the wind is converted bv turbine into electric energy. According to an estimate of ministry of energy, in India, total potential of production of wind energy is 45000 MW.
The biggest wind energy project (150 MW) of Asia is working at Muppadal in Tamil Nadu. From this point of view, Tamil Nadu is at the first place, while Gujarat, Maharashtra, Karnataka and Rajasthan are other wind energy producing states. Leading Wind Energy Producing States of India:
| State | Production in MW |
| Tamil Nadu | 6007 |
| Gujarat | 2884 |
| Maharashtra | 2310 |
| Karnataka | 1730 |
| Rajasthan | 1524 |
2. Solar energy:
Being a tropical country, India has a huge potential of the production of solar energy. In most parts of the country, in a year, there are 300 days of clear skies, the sun remains available, and each year, 5 thousand trillion KW/hour solar radiation is received.
At present, in India, solar energy is being used to heat water, cooking, operating electric pumps and for ripening the crops. In Tirupati Balaji Temple in Andhra Pradesh, the biggest cooking system powered by solar energy of the world is working. In Rajasthan, at Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, is the biggest solar heater of the country which is established here.
By ministry of energy, on national level, solar thermal energy programme and solar photo voltaic programes are being conducted. Up to 2010 in the country, solar energy area has been developed in 15 lakh square meters, in which more than 10.04 lakh photo voltaic systems of 66.5 MW capacity have been developed.
At present, 60 cities have been developed in the form of energy cities by the government of India. Under Jawaharlal Nehru solar mission started on 11 January 2010, by 2022, government has set the target to acquire 2000 MW solar energy production. In 2012 – 13, production of solar energy in major states remained as given below:
| States | Production (MW) | Percentage of total solar energy production |
| Gujarat | 654.8 | 66.9 |
| Rajasthan | 197.5 | 20.2 |
| Andhra Pradesh | 21.9 | 2.2 |
| Maharashtra | 20.0 | 2.0 |
| Tamil Nadu | 15.00 | 1.5 |
3. Biomass energy:
Biotic materials such as agricultural waste, wastes collected by muncipal bodies, waste of forest and industrial wastes provide biomass energy. This biomass energy can be converted into electrical energy, thermal energy and into cooking gas. In this energy production, on one hand, the problem of waste material is settled, while on the other hand, useful energy is also obtained. The bio energy is helpful in making life better and may also be helpful in reducing air pollution and the burning of cooking fuel can be saved. Following works have been done by Indian government in the field of biomass energy.
- To make bio – diesel, a crop named Jatropha is grown on 166 lakh hectare of land by 2015.
- In 2013, 1248 MW bio energy was produced in the country.
- To produce biotic energy from wastes, energy plants are established at Tanku (Andhra Pradesh), Faizabad (U.P), Muktasar (Punjab), Ankleshwar (Gujarat), Belgaum. (Karnataka). Similar plants are also working in Hyderabad, Vijayawada and Lucknow.
- In Chennai, a plant of 250 MW capacity using the wastes of vegetable market has been set up.
- In Ludhiana, energy plant based on animal wastes, in Surat, the production of biogas from sewage water purification plant and in Vijayawada, using the wastes of vegetable market, electricity production plants are working.
RBSE Class 12 Geography Chapter 17 Additional Questions with Answers
RBSE Class 12 Geography Chapter 17 Multiple Choice Questions
Question 1.
In India the largest coal deposit region is:
(a) Damodar river valley
(b) Mahanadi valley
(c) Godavari river valley
(d) Son river valley
Answer:
(a) Damodar river valley
Question 2.
Which is the leading Indian state in coal production?
(a) Jharkhand
(b) M.P.
(c) Chattisgarh
(d) Odisha
Answer:
(a) Jharkhand
Question 3.
Which mineral is obtained from Pankawari area (West Bengal)?
(a) Petroleum
(b) Iron – ore
(c) Manganese
(d) Coal
Answer:
(d) Coal
Question 4.
Big Reserves of crude oil are found in India in:
(a) Assam
(b) Gujarat
(c) Eastern offshore
(d) Western offshore
Answer:
(d) Western offshore
Question 5.
Which of the following is not a source of conventional energy?
(a) Coal
(b) Petroleum
(c) Natural gas
(d) Solar energy
Answer:
(d) Solar energy
Question 6.
What is the type of coal found in India?
(a) Anthracite
(b) Bituminous
(c) Lignite
(d) Peat
Answer:
(b) Bituminous
Question 7.
More than 2/3 part of coal reserves of India are found in:
(a) Godavari valley
(b) Damodar valley
(c) Brahmputra valley
(d) Mahanadi valley
Answer:
(b) Damodar valley
Question 8.
Maximum petroleum reserves are found in India in:
(a) Bombay High
(b) Gulf of Khambhat
(c) Brahmaputra valley
(d) Andaman and Nicobar islands
Answer:
(a) Bombay High
Question 9.
In India, most of the oil refineries are located in near the ports because:
(a) Maximum crude oil is exported
(b) Sea water is needed for the refining of crude oil
(c) India needs more crude oil which is mostly imported
(d) Mineral oil is found near sea ports
Answer:
(c) India needs more crude oil which is mostly imported
Question 10.
Which of the following is a renewable energy source?
(a) Coal
(b) Petroleum
(c) Solar energy
(d) Natural gas
Answer:
(a) Coal
Question 11.
Which is the biggest pipeline in India?
(a) Hazira – Vijaypur – Jagdishpur pipeline
(b) Bombay High – Mumbai – Ankleshwar – Koyali pipeline
(c) Noonmati – Siliguri pipeline
(d) Ankleshwar – Koyali pipeline
Answer:
(a) Hazira – Vijaypur – Jagdishpur pipeline
Question 12.
Which of the following places does not have an oil refinery?
(a) Koyali
(b) Noonmati
(c) Hatia
(d) Barauni
Answer:
(c) Hatia
Question 13.
Which pair of atomic power plant-state does not match?
(a) Kaiga – Karnataka
(b) Kalpakkam – Andhra Pradesh
(c) Rawatbhata – Rajasthan
(d) Narora – U.P.
Answer:
(b) Kalpakkam – Andhra Pradesh
Question 14.
Which is the biggest refinery in Private sector?
(a) Reliance Industries Ltd.
(b) Reliance Petroleum Ltd.
(c) Essar Oil Ltd.
(d) HPCL Ltd.
Answer:
(a) Reliance Industries Ltd.
Question 15.
Narmada Sagar hydro – electricity project is situated in:
(a) Gujarat
(b) Maharashtra
(c) Rajasthan
(d) M.P
Answer:
(c) Rajasthan
Question 16.
Which atomic power plant has highest production capacity?
(a) Kaiga
(b) Kalpakkam
(c) Kudankulam
(d) Tarapur
Answer:
(c) Kudankulam
Question 17.
Which Indian state leads in wind energy production?
(a) Maharashtra
(b) Tamil Nadu
(c) Gujarat
(d) Rajasthan
Answer:
(b) Tamil Nadu
Question 18.
Name two leading states in solar energy production in India.
(a) Rajasthan – Maharashtra
(b) Gujarat – Rajasthan
(c) Gujarat – Maharashtra
(d) Gujarat – Tamil Nadu
Answer:
(b) Gujarat – Rajasthan
Question 19.
Biggest solar water heater of Rajasthan is working at:
(a) Jaipur
(b) Jaisalmer
(c) Alwar
(d) Pilani
Answer:
(d) Pilani
Question 20.
Where is the plant to produce electricity from waste not established?
(a) Ludhiana
(b) Tanku
(c) Belgaum
(d) Faizabad
Answer:
(a) Ludhiana
Match the Following
Match the option given in Column A to correct option given in Column B:
| Column A (Area) | Column B (Relation) |
| (i) Rawatbhata | A. Solar energy powered temple |
| (ii) Digboi | B. hydro – electricity project |
| (iii) Singreni | C. Main center of wind energy |
| (iv) Shiva Samuadram | D. Coal reserve center |
| (v) Muppadal | E. Petroleum center |
| (vi) Tirupati Balaji Dham | F. Atomic energy center |
Answer:
I – (F), II – (E), III – (D), IV – (B), V – (C), VI – (A).
RBSE Class 12 Geography Chapter 17 Very Short Answer Type Questions
Question 1.
What do you mean by energy resource?
Answer:
The resources from which we get energy or heat are called energy resources.
Question 2.
What is fossil fuel?
Answer:
It is also known as mineral oil. It is obtained from the animal and plant remains buried deep under the earth millions of years ago, such as coal and petroleum.
Question 3.
Write the names of two main energy minerals of India.
Answer:
1. Coal
2. Petroleum.
Question 4.
Write the use of coal.
Answer:
It is used in producing electricity in thermal power plants and melting iron – ore.
Question 5.
Which type of coal is mainly found in India?
Answer:
Bituminous coal.
Question 6.
Write the name of the biggest coalfield of West Bengal.
Answer:
Raniganj.
Question 7.
Which is the biggest coalfield of Jharkhand?
Answer:
Jharia.
Question 8.
In India, coal is found in the rocks of which geological periods?
Answer:
- Gondwana deposits period.
- Tertiary deposits period.
Question 9.
Which are the Gondwana period coal fields in India?
Answer:
In India, Gondwana period coal is mainly found in West Bengal, Jharkhand, Odisha, Chhattisgarh, M.P, Maharashtra and Andhra Pradesh.
Question 10.
In which states is tertiary coal found in India?
Answer:
It is found in north – eastern states – Assam, Arunanchal Pradesh, Meghalaya and Nagaland.
Question 11.
In which river valley is Gondwana coalfield situated?
Answer:
In Damodar valley.
Question 12.
Where is lignite type coal found in Rajasthan?
Answer:
It is mainly found in Palana in Bikaner district.
Question 13.
To which countries coal is exported by India?
Answer:
From India, coal is exported to the neighboring countries of Bangladesh, Nepal, Bhutan, Myanmar and Sri Lanka.
Question 14.
In India, from where is coal imported?
Answer:
It is imported from Australia, Canada, and European countries.
Question 15.
From which rocks is petroleum obtained?
Answer:
It is obtained from sedimentary rocks.
Question 16.
What is Oil India Limited?
Answer:
It discovers oil and natural gas by drilling oil – wells and produces crude oil and sends it to refineries and consumers.
Question 17.
Write the names of major oil producing areas of Assam.
Answer:
These are Digboi, Naharkatiya, Hugrijan, Surma valley and Moran.
Question 18.
Write the names of major oil producing areas of Gujarat.
Answer:
These are Ankleshwar, Kalol, Mehsana, Navgaon, Kothana and Sanand, etc.
Question 19.
What is Bombay High famous for?
Answer:
It is famous for petroleum production.
Question 20.
Write the names of oil refineries of private sector.
Answer:
- Reliance Indsutries Ltd – Moti Khavdi and Jamnagar.
- Reliance Petroleum Ltd – SEZ, Jamnagar.
- Essar Oil Ltd – Vadinar.
Question 21.
How many oil refineries are there in India?
Answer:
In India there are 22 oil refineries. Out of these, 17 are in public sector, 2 in joint sector and 3 are in private sector.
Question 22.
Write the name and length of first oil pipeline of India.
Answer:
In Assam from Naharkatiya to Barauni (Bihar) Via Noonmati; length 1152 km.
Question 23.
Which is the second major pipeline of India?
Answer:
This second major pipeline connects Mumbai High and Gujarat oil producing areas to Koyali oil refinery.
Question 24.
Write the names of Rajasthan’s major hydro – electricity projects.
Answer:
- Rana Pratap Sagar.
- Jawahar Sagar.
- Mahi Bajaj Sagar.
Question 25.
Name the hydro – electricity projects established on Kaveri river.
Answer:
- Shiva Samudram.
- Shimala.
- Jog.
- Maitur.
Question 26.
Why has the atomic energy been developed?
Answer:
It has been developed to meet the increasing demand of energy and for conserving limited sources of fossil fuels.
Question 27.
Which minerals are used for atomic power production?
Answer:
Radio – active minerals, uranium, thorium, beryllium, ilmenite, zircon, graphite, and antimony are used.
Question 28.
Who was the founder of atomic programme in India?
Answer:
Dr. Homi Jehangir Bhabha.
Question 29.
What is the major function of Indian Renewable Energy Development Agency?
Answer:
In India, this institution works to use and develop solar energy, wind energy, biomass energy, tidal energy, hydrogen energy.
Question 30.
Write the name of major wind energy project of India.
Answer:
Muppadal in Tamil Nadu.
Question 31.
Where is the biggest solar cooking system of the world situated?
Answer:
In Tirupati Balaji Temple in Andhra Pradesh.
Question 32.
Where are the plants producing energy from vegetable waste working?
Answer:
These are working in Vijayawada and Chennai.
RBSE Class 12 Geography Chapter 17 Short Answer Type Questions (SA-I)
Question 1.
Clarify the utility of energy resources.
Answer:
The energy resources are important inputs for all-round development of any country. Human civilization and its economic development is associated with energy resources. For industrial development of any country, energy resource is an essential element. In modern industrial age, energy resource is the indicator and base of economic development. So, energy resources have high importance.
Question 2.
Classify energy resources of India.
Answer:
Energy resources of India can be classified into the following types:
- Convential energy resources.
- Non – conventional energy resources. Both these energy resources can be classified in the following manner:
Question 3.
On the basis of carbon quantity, write the types of coal.
Answer:
On world level, on the basis of carbon quantity, coal is of four types:
- Anthracite – Carbon quantity 80 to 90% .
- Bituminous – Carbon quantity 75 to 80%.
- Lignite – Carbon quantity upto 50%.
- Peat – Carbon quantity less than 50%.
Question 4.
Give a brief description of tertiary age coal fields in India.
Answer:
In India, 2% production of the total coal is obtained from the rocks of tertiary age.
- Meghalaya state – Garo, Khasi and Jaintia hills.
- Assam state – Lakhimpur, Shivsagar districts, Makum area.
- West Bengal – Pankabadi
- Tamil Nadu – Thiruvallur and Neyveli area of Vellore district.
- Rajasthan – Palana area of Bikaner.
Question 5.
Give a brief description of major coal producing areas of India.
Answer:
Coal is an important source of power and energy. It is mainly found in Gondawana and Tertiary age rocks.
Major coal producing areas of Gondwana period:
Here, coal deposits are found in Damodar, Godavari, Mahanadi, and in Son river valley areas. These coal fields are situated in Jharkhand, West Bengal, MP, Chhattisgarh, Odisha, Maharashtra and Andhra Pradesh.
In Jharkhand state, Jharia, Bokaro, Giridih, Karanpura, and in West Bengal, Raniganj is the main coalfield and Jharia is the biggest coalfield of country while Raniganj comes on the second place.
In M.P. state, Singrauli, whose some part is in MP, is an important coal field. Korba and Ramkola, and Tatapani in Chhattisgarh. Talcher in Odisha, in Maharashtra – Chanda – Wardha, Kamptee and Yavatmal, and in Andhra Pradesh state, Singreni are the major coal producing areas.
Question 6.
Describe the international coal trade in India.
Answer:
A big part of the coal produced in India is consumed under domestic demands, and the rest of the coal is exported to the neighboring countries such as Bangladesh, Nepal, Bhutan, Myanmar and Sri Lanka. In 2010, the coal worth of 521 crore rupees was exported to foreign countries by India. The high quality coking coal is imported from Australia, Canada and European countries. In 2012 – 13, the coal worth near about 840 billion rupees was imported from foreign countries by India.
Question 7.
Given a brief detail of major petroleum producing areas of India.
Answer:
Major petroleum producing areas of India:
In India, it is found in the sedimentary rocks of tertiary period. The production and search of oil in a proper way was started in 1956 after the establishment of Oil and Natural Gas Commission. Following are the major oil producing areas:
1. North – eastern Region:
It is India’s oldest oil producing area. Major producing areas are Digboi, Naharkatiya, Moran, Rudrasagar, etc.
2. Gujarat Region:
Ankleshwar, Kalol, Mehsana, Navigaon, Kothana and Lunej, etc. are major petroleum producing areas of Gujarat.
3. Bombay High:
This oilfield is 160 km away offshore area near Bombay coast. It was discovered in 1973 and production began in 1976. At present, it is the largest oil-producing area in india.
4. Eartern shore region:
It is extended in Krishna, Godavari and Kaveri Basin. It was discovered by Oil and Natural Gas Commission.
5. Barmer region:
It is a rapidly emerging petroleum area of Rajasthan.
Question 8.
Write the names of various oil refineries of India.
Answer:
Operational and under-construction oil refineries of India are given below:
- Panipat (Haryana).
- Mathura (U.P.).
- Barauni (Bihar).
- Bongaigaon, Guwahati, Numaligarh, and Digboi (Assam).
- Koyali (Gujarat).
- Mumbai (Maharashtra).
- Haldia (West Bengal).
- Visakhapatnam and Tatipaka (Andhra Pradesh).
- Chennai and Nagapattinam (Tamil Nadu).
- Mangalore (Karnataka).
- Kochi (Kerala), Bhatinda (Punjab) (under construction).
- Bina (M.P).
- SEZ (Jamnagar).
- Moti Khavadi (Jamnagar).
- Vadinar (Gujarat).
Question 9.
Give a brief detail of major gas pipelines of India. There are 13000 km long pipelines in India. Out of them following are the major ones.
Answer:
- In Assam, Naharkatiya to Barauni (Bihar) proceeding from Noonmati – 1152 km.
- Bombay High to Bombay shore, two pipelines of 210 km.
- Salaya (situated on the Gulf of Kutch) to Mathura – 1075 km.
- Mathura to Jalandhar via Delhi – Ambala – 763 km.
- Hazira (Gujarat) – Vijaypur – Jagdishpur (HBJ) pipeline 1750 km.
- Kandla – Bhatinda pipeline – 1331 km.
- Visakhapatnam – Vijayawada – Secunderabad pipeline – 572 km.
- Mumbai to Pune pipeline.
- Chennai – Trichy – Madurai pipeline – 683 km.
Question 10.
Describe briefly the minerals used in production of atomic energy in India.
Answer:
In India, production of atomic energy, radioactive minerals thorium and uranium are mainly used, while ilmenite, beryllium, zircon, graphite are other minerals used in atomic energy production.
Uranium:
The deposites of this mineral are found mainly in the rocks of Dharwar age. These ores are found in Singhbhum in Jharkhand and Nellore in Andhra Pradesh. In Udaipur, Jhunjhunu, and Alwar districts of Rajasthan in mica belt and Kullu district of Himachal, and Chamoli district of Uttarakhand also, deposits of uranium are found.
Thorium:
It is found in coastal sand from ilmenite and monazite minerals of Kerala. In Kollam and Palakkad districts of Kerala state, Visakhapatnam in Andhra Pradesh and in deltaic part of Mahanadi in Odisha, maximum thorium deposits are found.
Beryllium:
Rajasthan, Jharkhand, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu have its deposits.
Zircon:
This is found in sands of Kerala, graphite is found in Odisha, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Rajasthan and M.P
Question 11.
Through a table present the beginning years and production capacity of atomic power plants of India.
Answer:
India’s Atomic Power Plants:
RBSE Class 12 Geography Chapter 17 Short Answer Type Questions (SA-II)
Question 1.
Write main characteristics of Damodar Valley coalfield.
Answer:
Following are the characteristics of Damodar Valley coalfield:
- It is the biggest coal producing area of the country.
- Here, more than 50% coal of the country is produced.
- Here, best quality of bituminous coal is found.
- This area is extended from Jharkhand to West Bengal.
- The highly productive coal fields, Raniganj and Jharia are found here.
- The hills of this area have deposits of coal.
Question 2.
Describe major offshore petroleum producing areas of India.
Answer:
Major offshore petroleum producing areas of India are as follows:
- Aliabet island oilfield located in the Arabian Sea, 45 kilometers from Bhavnagar in Sauraashtra, Gujarat.
- Bombay High in the Arabian Sea, 176 km north – west of Mumbai.
- In south of Bombay High, there is an oilfield named Basai.
- Offshore area Basin of Krishna, Godavari, Kaveri.
- Rainum coast, Madnam coast and Nagapattinum oilfield.
- Mineral oilfields of Barmer district of Rajasthan.
Question 3.
Describe the characteristics of atomic energy development with reference to India.
Answer:
Following are the characteristics:
- This form of energy is capable to fulfill increasing energy demand in the country.
- It is developed witnessing limited resources.
- This energy is obtained from the fragmentation of radioactive atoms.
- It is cheaper.
- Its natural fragmentation is a complicated and expensive process.
- In India, the development of atomic energy is less in comparision with other countries.
Question 4.
How are non – conventlonal energy sources useful? Explain.
Answer:
The use and importance of non – conventional energy sources can be understood in the following ways:
- These sources are unlimited.
- These do not spread any type of enviornmental pollution.
- In these energy forms, natural gifts are included.
- Through production of biotic energy, the self – disposal of waste is possible.
- These energy forms reduce use of conventional energy forms, which is the need of the hour.
- Man can use these resources according to his needs.
- These energy resources have proved effective in protecting the environment.
RBSE Class 12 Geography Chapter 17 Essay Type Questions
Question 1.
Describe major petroleum producing areas of India.
Answer:
Following are the major petroleum producing areas of India:
1. Assam state:
In this state, Digboi, Badhapung, Hansapung of Lakhimpur district, and Naharkatiya, Hugrijan, Moran, Rudrasagar, Lakwa, Galeki and Amgari of Brahmaputra valley are the places where petroleum is mined.
2. Gujarat state:
Here, the Gulf of Kutch, Surat, Vadodara, Bharuch, Mehsana, and Kheda districts have petroleum reserves in 15500 square km area. Ankleshwar is the leading oilfield of this state from where 30 lakh tons petroleum is obtained. Gulf of Khambhat is another important oilfield from where 15 lakh tons petroleum is obtained. In the west of Ahmedabad, Kalol, Mehsana and Navgaon.area, Sanand and Kothana are other petroleum producing areas of the state.
3. Offshore area:
Here, the following petroleum deposit areas are found:
(a) Aliabet island:
Situated in Saurashtra area of Gujarat, 45 km away from Bhavnagar, situated in Arabian Sea. Here large petroleum deposits have been found.
(b) Bombay High:
176 km north – west from Mumbai, situated in Arabian Sea, Bombay High is the biggest oil producing area of the country and it is producing petroleum on commerical basis since 1976.
(c) Bassein oilfield:
In the south of Bombay High at Bassein at the depth of 1900 m, large deposits of petroleum are found, which are more productive than Bombay High.
(d) Offshore areas Kaveri, Krishna and Godavari basin:
In this, on Rainum coast 1500 barrels per day, 4300 barrels on Madnam coast, and from Narimanam area of Kaveri basin 206 barrels and from Kovil ICalappal offshore area 206 barrels of crude oil is being produced per day.
4. Rajasthan state:
In Barmer basin in the west part of Rajasthan, in Barmer and Jaisalmer districts, between 2009 to 2013 production on commercial level is being done by Craiyarn Energy Ltd. In 2013-14, in this area, 24% of the total petroleum production of the country was done.
Question 2.
Make a table of the name of Indian oil refineries, their situation and their oil production capacity.
Answer:
Oil Refinaries in India:
Source:
Statistical Abstract of India, 2014.
Question 3.
Describe major hydro-electricity projects of India.
Answer:
In 2007, in the country, 611 hydro – electricity projects had been completed, while 225 projects are under construction.
State – wide hydro – electricity production and capacity of project details are given below:
1. Andhra Pradesh – Telangana:
- Total hydro – electricity production in percentage of capacity – 12.15.
- Percentage of total production of hydro – electricity of the country – 11.08.
- Major Hydroelectricity Projects – Nagarjuna Sagar, Sileru, Srisailam, Muchkund, Tungabhadra and Nizam Sagar.
2. Karnataka:
- Percentage of total hydro – electricity production capacity of India – 10.08.
- Percentage of production of total hydro – electricity of the country – 11.08.
- Major Hydroelectricity Projects – Shivasamudram on Kaveri river, Simsa, Jog, Tungabhadra, Bhadra, Sharavati.
3. Maharashtra:
- Percentage of total hydro – electricity production capacity of India – 9.78.
- Percentage of total hydro – electricity production of the country – 10.16.
- Major Hydroelectricity Projects – Koyna, Bhira, Shivpuri, Khopoli, Vaitarni.
4. Punjab:
- Percentage of total hydro-electricity production capacity of India – 8.14.
- Percentage of total hydro-electricity production of the country – 8.19.
- Major Hydroelectricity Projects – Dehar, Bhakra – Nangal, Gangwal, Kotla and Bhoruka.
5. Tamil Nadu:
- Percentage of total hydro – electricity production capacity of India – 6.78.
- Percentage of total hydro – electricity production of the country – 6.59.
- Major Hydroelectricity Projects – Paikara, Mettur, Papanasam, Moyar, Kunda, Periyar, Parambikulam, Alliyar and Patihill.
6. Odisha:
- Percentage of total hydro – electricity production capacity of India – 6.36.
- Percentage of total hydro – electricity production of the country – 6.31.
- Major Hydroelectricity Proejcts – Hirakund and Balimela.
7. Kerala:
- Percentage of total hydro – electricity production capacity in India – 6.13.
- Percentage of total hydro – electricity production of the country – 6.04.
- Major Hydroelectricity Projects – Periyar (Idukki), Sabrigiri and Parambikulam are major projects while Kariyari, Solaiyar, Sengulam, Nariyamangalam, Pallivasal, and Paniyar are other minor projects.
8. Madhya Pradesh:
- Percentage of total hydro – electricity production of India – 6.04.
- Percentage of total hydro – electricity production of the country – 5.96.
- Major Hydroelectricity Projects – Gandhi Sagar, Narmada Sagar, Hasdeo Bango, Ban Sagar.
9. Himachal Pradesh
- Percentage of total hydro – electricity production of India – 5.86.
- Percentage of total hydro – electricity production percentage of the country – 5.14.
- Major Hydroelectricity Projects – Bira Siul, Nathpa Jhakri, Giribara, Rampur, Luhri, Bassi, Chamera.
Other Imporant Hydroelectricity Projects:
1. In U.P.:
Ganga electric grid (Salavia, Chittora, Bhola, Sumera, Palara), Rihand, Matatila, and Ramganga.
2. In Uttarakhand:
Tehri, Devsari, Vishnugad, Pipal Koti, and Khatima.
3. In Rajasthan:
Rana Pratap Sagar and Jawahar Sagar.
4. In Arunachal Pradesh:
Ranga river, Tawang, and Italin, Damiyam in Assam, Kardam Kulai in Meghalaya, Lower Lagyap in Sikkim, Loktak in Manipur, and Doyang in Nagaland.
Major hydro – electric centers of the country are shown with the help of the following map:
