RBSE Solutions for Class 12 Geography Chapter 21 Planning in India

Rajasthan Board RBSE Class 12 Geography Chapter 21 Planning in India

RBSE Class 12 Geography Chapter 21 Text Book Questions

RBSE Class 12 Geography Chapter 21 Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1.
Indian NITI Aayog Is a/an:
(a) Advisory unit
(b) Executive unit
(c) government committee
(d) legal unit
Answer:
(a) Advisory unit

Question 2.
The Chairman of Planning Commission is the:
(a) President
(b) Prime Minister
(c) Finance Minister
(d) Governor of Reserve Bank
Answer:
(b) Prime Minister

Question 3.
The Chairman of the National Development Council is:
(a) Prime Minister
(b) President
(c) Planning Commission Secretary
(d) Central Finance Minister
Answer:
(a) Prime Minister

RBSE Solutions for Class 12 Geography Chapter 21 Planning in India

Question 4.
Fourth plan’s model was based on which of the following models?
(a) Prof. Mahalanobis
(b) Harod – Domar
(c) Dr. V.V. Bhatt
(d) A.S. Manne and Ashok Rudra
Answer:
(d) A.S. Manne and Ashok Rudra

Question 5.
In Eleventh plan, the rate of development was reduced from pre – defined target percentage to:
(a) 8%
(b) 8.1%
(c) 8.5%
(d) 8.7%
Answer:
(b) 8.1%

Question 6.
In the eleventh plan, the maximum expenditure was proposed to be done on which sector?
(a) Energy
(b) Transport
(c) Agriculture and Allied activities
(d) Social Services
Answer:
(d) Social Services

Question 7.
What was given the highest priority in the 1st five year plan?
(a) Agriculture
(b) Industry
(c) Energy
(d) Employment
Answer:
(a) Agriculture

RBSE Solutions for Class 12 Geography Chapter 21 Planning in India

Question 8.
Which was the base model for first five year plan?
(a) Harrod Domar Model
(b) Mahalanobis Model
(c) Manne and Rudra Model
(d) None of the above
Answer:
(a) Harrod Domar Model

Question 9.
Panchayati Raj system was started in the country during the:
(a) 1st five year plan
(b) 2nd five year plan
(c) 3rd five year plan
(d) 4th five year plan
Answer:
(b) 2nd five year plan

Question 10.
12th five – year plan is form:
(a) 1st April 2005 to 31st March 2010
(b) 1st April 2007 to 31st March 2012
(c) 1st April 2012 to 31st March 2017
(d) 1st April 2008 to 31st March 2013
Answer:
(c) 1st April 2012 to 31st March 2017

RBSE Solutions for Class 12 Geography Chapter 21 Planning in India

RBSE Class 12 Geography Chapter 21 Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 11.
When did community development program start?
Answer:
Community development program started in the 1st five – year plan.

Question 12.
When was the NITI Aayog formed? Who is its chairman?
Answer:
NITI Aayog was formed on January 1, 2015. Its chairman is the Prime Minister.

Question 13.
When did the five year plans start?
Answer:
The First Five Year Plan started on 1st April 1951. Its tenure was up to 31 st March 1956.

Question 14.
Presently which five year plan is operational?
Answer:
Presently 12th five – year plan is operational. Putting a final lid on the planning era, the Niti Aayog is gearing upto launch the three – year action plan.

Question 15.
What is Desert Development Program?
Answer:
It is a program which checks the expansion of desert land and also tries to raise living and income level of the state and to provide employment opportunities to the people. This program was launched in the year 1977 – 78.

RBSE Class 12 Geography Chapter 21 Short Answer Type Questions

Question 16.
Write a comment on planned development.
Answer:
Planning is the process through which the resources of any given place are used to their optimum level to achieve economic prosperity. Through planning, the anticipated aims can be made a reality. Planning is related to long – term social and economic development of the country.

In India, planning started along with the establishment of Planning Commission on 15th March 1950. In reality, the requirement of planning was felt from the time of independence in 1947. Consequently, inspired by Soviet Union, a socialist country, the five – year plans were constituted in India.

The cycle of planning started with second five year plan with the concept of Prof. PC. Mahalanobi’s development model.

RBSE Solutions for Class 12 Geography Chapter 21 Planning in India

Question 17.
Highlight the importance of planning in five – year plans.
Answer:
Planning started in India in 1951, Till present time, 6 annual plans and twelve five – year plans have been made and implemented. Five – year plans priorities planning and aim to achieve their objectives. Importance of planning in Five Year Plans can be assessed by some of its achievements:

  1. Agricultural output has increased due to 5 – year plans.
  2. Development of industries.
  3. Increase in transportation and communication facilities.
  4. Promotion of education.
  5. Expansion of total size of foreign trade.
  6. Increase in national income, domestic savings, appropriation rates, increased self – dependence.

Question 18.
Write a note of 5th five – year plan.
Answer:
Duration – 1st April 1974 to 31st March 1978.
Objectives:

  1. Eradication of poverty.
  2. Economic self dependence. Apart from these two, some other objectives were :
  3. Increase in opportunities with increased production.
  4. Consumers basic necessities such as education, health, family planning, nutrition were all addressed by national programs.
  5. Social welfare.
  6. Encouraging Agriculture related industries.
  7. Public collection and distribution.

Models:
Three models were used in this plan:

  1. Joint future plan.
  2. Issued plan.
  3. Utility Model.

Financial arrangement:
Proposed expenditure 37,250 crores.

Achievements and Shortfalls:

  1. Strengthening of economy
  2. Increase in development rate, Agricultural area, food production were the objectives.
  3. Increase in Industrial production

Due to fiscal deficit economy, prices increased. Due to change in government, the five – year plan was ended one year earlier in 1978.

RBSE Solutions for Class 12 Geography Chapter 21 Planning in India

Question 19.
Write a comment on 20 – point program.
Answer:
It was started by late Prime Minister Mrs. Indira Gandhi in the year 1975. It was later reconstituted in the year 1982 and 1986. This program underwent policy changes from time to time. In the year 2006, it was reconstituted. According to T.P.P This program is included in National Common minimum program, United Nations, and in SAARC social charter’s millennium development goals. This reconstituted program was called 20 – point program. The plan was approved in 5th October, 2006. Main objective of this program was to remove poverty, increase productivity, reduce the inequalities of income, social and economic development etc.

Question 20.
Describe the tribal area development program.
Answer:
This program has been devised for those areas where population of tribal people is 50% or more.

1. Major tribal areas:
9 states and 2 union territories are identified as home of such tribal areas which are mainly in Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Odisha, Maharashtra, Jharkhand, Gujarat, Andhra Pradesh and Rajasthan (19 tehsils and 23 panchayat samitis).

2. Objectives of this project:
The projects that are created for tribal areas have the following objectives :

  • To reduce the difference between tribal and non-tribal development rate.
  • To raise the standard of living.

The programmes created for tribal areas have some of the following reforms:
Agricultural and horticulture, animal rearing, forestry, small and cottage industries, reforms in marketing. These include education as well as potable water, sufficient housing, medical and nutrition facilities also.

RBSE Solutions for Class 12 Geography Chapter 21 Planning in India

RBSE Class 12 Geography Chapter 21 Essay Type Questions

Question 21.
Describe the 10th five – year plan.
Answer:
Duration – 1 April 2002 to 31 March 2007.
Objectives and Aims:

  1. Development rate was targeted at as 8%.
  2. Poverty ratio to be brought down to 19.34%.
  3. Providing fruitful employment to the labour force.
  4. To make primary education universal.
  5. To reduce the population growth rate to 16.2%.
  6. To achieve literacy percentage of 75%.
  7. To reduce infant mortality and maternal mortality rate.
  8. To provide drinking water facility to almost all villages by 2012.
  9. To make all the rivers pollution-free.

Priorities:
In 10th five – year plan, the topmost priority was given to energy. Apart from this, the list of priorities are given below:

  1. Social welfare services (22.8%).
  2. 20.1% expenditure on agricultural and financial activities.
  3. To emphasize on balanced development.
  4. Improvement of e-governance, creating healthy environment for investors by reducing the barriers in internal trade and to make panchayats strong in terms of financial and economic perspective.
  5. To emphasize on asset development program for eradication of poverty. In 10th five – year plan, the total expected social expenditure was ₹ 15,92,300.00 crore, however the actual expenditure done was to ₹ 15,25,630.00 crore.

Result and Possibilities:
The 10th five – year plan focused on social welfare programs, improvement in standard of living, sufficient food availability, education, health, drinking water facility, cleanliness, etc. The perspective of planning seemed to be bonafide, visionary, and transformational.

Evaluation of development in agriculture, biotechnology and health, increase in public investment, improved policies for financial instruments for center and states, to remove regional dissimilarity and backwardness was done in the mid-term evaluation of 10th five – year plan.

Question 22.
Explain Regional imbalances.
Answer:
Regional imbalance is the unequal development of different regions in the country. At regional level there are few areas which are ahead in development, while some areas lag far behind in development. For example, at present, Bundelkhand is far behind other adjacent regions in terms of development.

Examples:
Undivided Bihar and Madhya Pradesh have ample resources, but are backward financially.

Study of intraregional imbalance:
K.V Sundaram, in “Principal component analysis technique”, has identified low and extremely low level of underdeveloped regions of India, using 14 variables. In this study, central east and central south India is included. In this, the important city centres are considered as specific growth indicators.

The following five backward regions have been identified as the area of problem:

  1. North – eastern India.
  2. East central Indian tribal belt.
  3. Eastern Uttar Pradesh and Northern Bihar.
  4. Uttar Pradesh and Bundelkhand area of Madhya Pradesh.
  5. Imbalanced regions with ecological perspective.

Based on 1991 figures, Moni (1999) with the help of 38 variables, has tried to map the development of the country at district level. In this context, those areas were identified in which no development work was done in the past 20 years.

For the identification of backward areas and study of their problems at the administrative level, following committees were constituted:

  1. Chakrawarti Committee – 1972 (by Planning Commission).
  2. Shivaraman Committee – 1978.
  3. I. G. Patel Committee – 1984 (For Gujarat).
  4. Dandekar fact finding Committee-1984, (for Maharashtra).

Reasons for financial backwardness:
Planning Commission has pointed out the following reasons for financial backwardness:

  1. Historical negligence.
  2. Physical inconvenience – climate, soil, topography, etc.
  3. Social Backwardness – Tribal area, marginal people, harassed community.

Dissimilarity in development is also found at state level. The per capita income, urbanization, literacy, poverty percentage, unemployment, basic amenities, crop intensity, irrigation, etc. variables are used for its study.

RBSE Solutions for Class 12 Geography Chapter 21 Planning in India

Question 23.
Explain the Desert Development Programme and Hill Area Development Programme.
Answer:
Desert Development Programme:
Desert Development Programme was started in 1977 – 78 by the recommendation of Agriculture Commission. It was implemented in 235 development areas of 40 districts in 7 states. These states include Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Karnataka and Rajasthan. In 85 development areas of 16 districts in Rajasthan, this program is operative. All the cost is borne by the central government. In 1995, this programme was included in watershed development programme.

Objectives of programme:

  1. To check the growth of desertification.
  2. To increase the productivity of local resources to increase the income and employment level of people.

Methods to reduce Desertification:
This program emphasizes on those methods to stop desertification which are helpful in maintaining the stability of ecology, stability of sand dunes, and land and water conservation. The following methods are advised:

  1. To apply security belts.
  2. Adopting water conservation techniques.
  3. Development of pastures for animal husbandry.
  4. Giving emphasis on tree plantation.

Hill Area Development Programme:
In India, 17% out of the total area is hilly area, in which 11% of total Indian population resides. Hill areas are of two types:

  1. States which are completely mountainous.
  2. States which have partial mountainous area.

In the first category north eastern states, Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh and Uttarakhand are included. These are specific class of states whose most part of expenditure is borne by the central government. For the development of north eastern states, under the Parliament Act (1971), “North Eastern Council” was made.

Assam and West Bengal are included in the second category. Apart from this mountainous regions are also present in Maharashtra, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Goa and Kerala. Although developing them is the responsibility of the state governments, yet the central government provides financial assistance to them separately.

Main development program for hilly regions includes gardening, plantation, animal husbandry, poultry, agriculture, forestry, soil conservation and rural industries. On the basis of package and cooperatives, it is promoted. For example, in forestry agroforestry, social forestry and orchard is promoted and arrangement for its marketing is done. To convert shifting agriculture into sustainable one and helping farmers of coffee and rubber to do sustainable farming are the other expected programmes.

RBSE Solutions for Class 12 Geography Chapter 21 Planning in India

Question 24.
Deliberate upon the goals, progress and result of 12th Five – year plan.
Answer:
Period:
April 01, 2012 to March 31, 2017.

Goals:
Below are the goals mentioned in the vision of 12th five – year plan:

Goals Proposed Percentage
Growth Rate 9.0% (which was later reduced to 8.2%)
Growth in agricultural sector 4.6%
Growth in industrial sector 9.6%
Growth in service sector 10.00%
Investment rate 38.7% of GDP
Saving Rate 36.2% of GDP
Average Annual fiscal deficit 3.25% of GDP
Average increase in Wholesale Price Index (WPI) 4.5 to 5%

To reduce poverty rate below 10%, to increase the investment rate to 9% of GDP in infrastructure and to implement aadhar card based banking system to all subsidy programs and link them to each cash transfer program were the objectives of this plan. To achieve the objectives of annual growth rate of 12th five – year plan, Prime Minister insisted on the state’s contribution.

In the 11th five – year plan, the estimated Wholesale Price Index (WPI) was aroundf 6%, which was decided to be restricted to 4.5 to 5% in 12th five – year plan. The annual fiscal deficit was targetted to be maintained at 3.25% of GDP (Gross domestic product) in the vision of 12th five – year plan.

RBSE Class 12 Geography Chapter 21 Additional Questions with Answers

RBSE Class 12 Geography Chapter 21 Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1.
What is Nation Development Council?
(a) Statutory Body
(b) Non – Statutory Body
(c) Legislative Committee
(d) None of these
Answer:
(b) Non – Statutory Body

Question 2.
Adopting community development programme was the objective of which plan?
(a) First five year plan
(b) Second five year plan
(c) Third five year plan
(d) Fourth five year plan
Answer:
(a) First five year plan

Question 3.
Who prepared the outline of third five – year plan?
(a) P.C Mahalanobis
(b) Hairod – Domer
(c) Rostov
(d) Vakil and Brahmanand
Answer:
(a) P.C Mahalanobis

RBSE Solutions for Class 12 Geography Chapter 21 Planning in India

Question 4.
What is the period of fourth five year plan?
(a) April 01, 1961 to March 31, 1996
(b) April 01, 1969 to March 31, 1974
(c) April 01, 1967 to March 31, 1972
(d) April 01, 1974 to March 31, 1979
Answer:
(b) April 01, 1969 to March 31, 1974

Question 5.
In case of inflation:
(a) Price decreases
(b) Price increases
(c) Price remains stable
(d) Price remains flexible
Answer:
(b) Price increases

Question 6.
Foreign invasion and drought were the problems of which five – year plan?
(a) First five year plan
(b) Second five year plan
(c) Third five year plan
(d) Fourth five year plan
Answer:
(c) Third five year plan

RBSE Solutions for Class 12 Geography Chapter 21 Planning in India

Question 7.
Which of the following five-year plans was ended one year prior to its duration?
(a) Third five year plan
(b) Fifth five year plan
(c) Seventh five year plan
(d) Ninth five year plan
Answer:
(b) Fifth five year plan

Question 8.
Dandekar Fact Finding Committee – 1984 was related to which state?
(a) Gujarat
(b) Uttar Pradesh
(c) Tamil Nadu
(d) Maharashtra
Answer:
(d) Maharashtra

Question 9.
I.G. Patel Committee – 1984 was related to which state?
(a) Gujarat
(b) Bihar
(c) Uttar Pradesh
(d) Madhya Pradesh
Answer:
(a) Gujarat

Question 10.
Tribal Area Development program is meant for those areas where tribal population is:
(a) More than 75%
(b) More than 60%
(c) More than 50%
(d) More than 33%
Answer:
(c) More than 50%

RBSE Solutions for Class 12 Geography Chapter 21 Planning in India

Question 11.
Resource mapping of mountainous areas can be done through:
(a) Remote sensing technique
(b) Aerial photo technique
(c) Land survey
(d) All these
Answer:
(d) All these

Match the Following

Question 1.
Match the options given in column A with right options given in column B:

Column A (Five – year plan) Column B (Program)
(i) Second (a) R.P.D
(ii) Fifth (b) J.R.Y
(iii) Sixth (c) MGNREGA
(iv) Seventh (d) Aadarsh Gram Program
(v) Tenth (e) Rural Development
(vi) Eleventh (f) Bhilai Steel Plant establishment
(vii) Twelfth (g) D.N.P. – 1

Answer:
(i) (f), (ii) (g), (iii) (a), (iv) (b), (v) (c), (vi) (e), (vii) (d).

RBSE Solutions for Class 12 Geography Chapter 21 Planning in India

RBSE Class 12 Geography Chapter 21 Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What is meant by planning?
Answer:
Planning involves doing the preparation, making the road map and making arrangements, for execution of development programmes.

Question 2.
What are the two main forms of planning?
Answer:
The two main forms of planning are the following:

  1. Sectoral planning
  2. Regional Planning

Question 3.
Mention the main steps of planning.
Answer:
The three main steps involved in planning are the following:

  1. Preparation
  2. Making the road map.
  3. Execution.

Question 4.
What is Sectoral Planning?
Answer:
To do the planning for different sectors of economy like agriculture, industry, commerce, etc and the execution of these plans is called Sectoral Planning.

Question 5.
What is Regional Planning?
Answer:
It is a spatial development planning oriented to planning of a given area. In this, specific planning is done for using and developing resources of a certain terrain for the benefit of the whole country.

Question 6.
For which type of countries planning is most important?
Answer:
Planning is most important for developing countries like India.

Question 7.
When was Planning Commission established?
Answer:
Planning Commission was established on March 15, 1950 after a resolution was passed by the Indian Government.

RBSE Solutions for Class 12 Geography Chapter 21 Planning in India

Question 8.
When was National Development Council established?
Answer:
On August 6, 1952, National Development council was established.

Question 9.
What is the main function of National Development Council?
Answer:
The main function of National Development Council is to maintain coordination between, Planning Commission and the states for financial planning.

Question 10.
How is National Development Council constituted?
Answer:
The National Development Council is presided by the Prime Minister of India and it includes all Union Ministers, Chief Ministers of all the states and administrators of Union Territories and Members of Planning Commission.

Question 11.
What is National Planning Council and how it is organised?
Answer:
National Planning Council is organised for each plan at the time of the formulation of the plan. The council consist of famous engineers, scientists, economists, social scientists and other experts.

Question 12.
What is the foremost objective of planning?
Answer:
The priorities of planning change with time, however the foremost objective of planning is development, modernization, self dependence and social justice.

Question 13.
When is the concept of planning considered to have started in India?
Answer:
In India, the concept of planning is considered to be started from the second five – year plan.

Question 14.
Prof. P.C Mahalanobis development model was based on what?
Answer:
Prof. P. C. Mahalanobis development model was based on development of industries.

RBSE Solutions for Class 12 Geography Chapter 21 Planning in India

Question 15.
Vakil and Brahmanand model is known by which name?
Answer:
Vakil and Brahmanand model is known as Wage – Goods model.

Question 16.
12 th five – year plan emphasises on what?
Answer:
The 12th five – year plan is focused more on facts, more inclusive and stable development strategy.

Question 17.
What was the topmost priority in first five – year plan?
Answer:
Agriculture and irrigation were the topmost priority in the first five year plan.

Question 18.
What was the increase in national income and per capita income in the first five year plan?
Answer:
In the first five – year plan, national income increased by 18% and per capita income increased by 11%.

Question 19.
What was emphasized upon in 2nd (second) five – year plan?
Answer:
Second five – year plan emphasized on rapid industrialization.

Question 20.
What was the main goal of third (3rd) five – year plan?
Answer:
The main goal of third (3rd) five – year plan was to establish a self – dependent and self – sustaining economy.

Question 21.
What was the outlay in third (3rd) five year plan?
Answer:
The provision for third (3rd) five year plan was ₹ 7500 crore, however the actual expenditure was ₹ 8577 crore.

RBSE Solutions for Class 12 Geography Chapter 21 Planning in India

Question 22.
What is Plan Holiday?
Answer:
Due to discontinuation of regular planning, the period between 1966 – 69 is called Plan Holiday.

Question 23.
What were the two main objectives of 4th five – year plan?
Answer:
The two main objectives of 4th (forth) five – year plan were:

  1. Stability of economic development.
  2. Achievement of self dependence.

Question 24.
What was the outlay for public sector in 4th five-year plan?
Answer:
The provision of outlay for public sector was kept at ₹ 15,902 crore.

Question 25.
Mention the two setbacks of 4th five – year plan?
Answer:
The two setbacks of 4th (fourth) five year plan were as follows:

  1. The plan failed to achieve its objectives/goals.
  2. There was an increase in unemployment in the country.

Question 26.
What was the main objective of fifth (5th) five – year plan?
Answer:
The main objective of fifth (5th) five – year plan was poverty elimination and self dependence.

Question 27.
What is Transitional Planning?
Answer:
Sixth (6th) five year plan was prepared twice, hence the process of development between April 1, 1979 to March 1980 period is called Transitional Planning.

RBSE Solutions for Class 12 Geography Chapter 21 Planning in India

Question 28.
What was the objective of sixth (6th) five – year plan?
Answer:
The main objective of sixth five – year plan was to eliminate poverty and also to reduce unemployment rate.

Question 29.
What were the two negative aspects of 6th (sixth) five – year plan?
Answer:
The two negative aspects of sixth (6th) five – year plan were as follows:

  1. The rate of development was registered negative (- 6%) in this period.
  2. In this period, India faced the crisis of foreign exchange reserves.

Question 30.
How much was the outlay for public sector in 6th (sixth) five – year plan?
Answer:
The outlay for public sector in 6th (sixth) five – year plan was decided at ₹ 97,500 crore.

RBSE Solutions for Class 12 Geography Chapter 21 Planning in India

Question 31.
Mention the three (3) programs initiated to eliminate poverty and unemployment in the 6th (sixth) five – year plan.
Answer:
The following three programs were initiated to eliminate poverty and unemployment:

  1. Integrated Rural Development Program (IRDP).
  2. National Rural Employment Program (NREP).
  3. Minimum Needs Program (MNP).

Question 32.
What were the main objectives of 7th (seventh) five – year plan?
Answer:
The main objectives of 7th (seventh) five – year plan were economic growth, modernization, self – dependence and social justice.

Question 33.
What was the oath taken in 7th (seventh) five – year plan?
Answer:
An oath to directly address problem of poverty, unemployment, and regional disparities was taken in 7th (seventh) five – year plan.

Question 34.
What was the proposed expenditure of 7th (seventh) five – year plan?
Answer:
The proposed expenditure of 7th (seventh) five-year plan was ₹ 3,48,148 crore.

Question 35.
Mention two weaknesses of 7th (seventh) five year plan?
Answer:
Following were the two weaknesses of 7th (seventh) five year plan:

  1. Due to the failure of financial system, there was an increase in inflation.
  2. Due to increase in World Bank borrowings, India got trapped in debt.

Question 36.
What were the goals set under the Eight (8th) five year plan?
Answer:
Decentralization of economic power, poverty eradication, achievement of social justice and financial equality were the goals of Eighth (8th) five – year plan.

RBSE Solutions for Class 12 Geography Chapter 21 Planning in India

Question 37.
What were the priorities of Prime Minister’s Special Action Plan (SAP)?
Answer:
Following were the three priorities of Prime Minister’s Special Action Plan (SAP):

  1. Reforms in food grains and agriculture.
  2. Development in information technology.
  3. Drinking water supply.

Question 38.
What was the amount of money provided for Prime Minister’s Special Action Plan?
Answer:
The amount of money provided for Prime Minister’s Special Action Plan was ₹ 21,946 crore.

Question 39.
Mention two priorities of 9th (Ninth) five – year plan?
Answer:
Following are the two priorities of 9th (Ninth) five – year plan:

  1. Energy
  2. Social Service.

Question 40.
Which neglected issues were emphasized upon in 10th (tenth) five – year plan?
Answer:
The 10th (tenth) five year plan emphasized on the improvement in e – governance, creation of right environment for investors, eliminating hurdles in internal business and making panchyats strong in terms of financial and political perspective.

Question 41.
What was the objective of 11th (eleventh) five – year plan?
Answer:
Rapid and inclusive development.

Question 42.
What are the types of Regional Planning?
Answer:
Regional Planning is of two types:

  1. Single – level planning.
  2. Multi – level planning.

RBSE Solutions for Class 12 Geography Chapter 21 Planning in India

Question 43.
What is single – level planning?
Answer:
In single – level planning, all decisions are made at the National level and lower territorial levels are used at the time of implementation.

Question 44.
What is Multi – level planning?
Answer:
In multi – level planning, the national territory is divided into small territorial units and planning is done for each unit. These territorial units are complement to one another.

Question 45.
How many types of Desert are there?
Answer:
Deserts are of two types:

  1. Hot Desert
  2. Cold Desert.

Question 46.
What is Desertification?
Answer:
The continuous expansion of desert area is called desertification.

Question 47.
What are the three dimensions to stop desertification?
Answer:
It is important to focus on the following dimensions to stop desertification:

  1. R – establishing environmental stability.
  2. Stabilization of sand dunes.
  3. Soil and water conservation.

Question 48.
Mention three remedies to stop desertification.
Answer:
Three remedies to stop desertification are as follows:

  1. Protecting vegetation cover.
  2. Adopting water storage techniques.
  3. Developing pasture lands.

Question 49.
When and by whom was Desert Development Program started?
Answer:
By the recommendation of Agriculture Commission, Desert Development Program was started in 1977 – 78.

RBSE Solutions for Class 12 Geography Chapter 21 Planning in India

Question 50.
In which states is Desert Development Program operational?
Answer:
Desert Development Program is operational in 7 states of India. These are as follows – Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Karnataka, Rajasthan.

Question 51.
As per census 2011, what is the calculated population of tribals in India?
Answer:
As per census 2011, the calculated population of tribals in India is 182.81 Lakh.

Question 52.
Mention two objectives of tribal Development Program.
Answer:
Two objectives of tribal Development Program are:

  1. To reduce the difference in level of development between tribals and other areas.
  2. Improving standard of life of Tribals.

Question 53.
In which districts of Rajasthan, Tribal Development Program is operational?
Answer:
In five districts of Rajasthan, namely – Dungarpur, Banswara, Pratapgarh, Udaipur and Sirohi (19 Tehsils and 23 panchyat samitis), the Tribal Development Program is operational.

Question 54.
Into two many levels is an area divided for Tribal Developments Program?
Answer:
A tribal area is divided into following three levels under Tribal Development Program:

  1. Macro level – Tribal level
  2. Medium Level – Tehsil
  3. Small – Scale Development Unit.

Question 55.
How much is the mountainous area expanse in India?
Answer:
Mountainous area of India is only 17% of the total area of the country.

RBSE Solutions for Class 12 Geography Chapter 21 Planning in India

Question 56.
How much percentage (%) of population of India resides in mountainous regions?
Answer:
11% of the total population of India resides in mountainous regions of the country.

Question 57.
Which are the specific states of total mountainous region/area in India?
Answer:
The specific states of total mountainous region/area in India are North – east states, Jammu & Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh and Uttarakhand.

Question 58.
What has the Indian government done for the development of North – eastern mountainous states?
Answer:
The Indian government, under the Parliament Act – 1971, has established North – eastern Council for the development of North – eastern mountainous states.

Question 59.
What has North – Eastern Council done for the development of North – eastern mountainous states?
Answer:
North Eastern Council has played an important role in energy generation, road construction, agriculture, animal husbandry, fisheries etc. for the development of North – eastern mountainous states.

Question 60.
Mention the main development program for mountainous regions.
Answer:
The main development programs for mountainous regions include – Gardening, plantation, animal husbandry, poultry, agriculture, forestry, soil conservation and rural industries.

Question 61.
Mention two appropriate industries for mountainous regions?
Answer:
Two most appropriate industries for mountainous regions are:

  1. Cottage Industry and Handloom Industry
  2. Tourism Industry

Question 62.
Himalayan mountainous region is famous for which two biological characteristics?
Answer:
Himalayan mountainous region is famous for:

  1. Bio – diversity.
  2. Medicinal plants, flora and fauna, and for many species of wildlife.

RBSE Solutions for Class 12 Geography Chapter 21 Planning in India

RBSE Class 12 Geography Chapter 21 Short Answer Type Questions (SA-I)

Question 1.
Write a note on planning in India.
Answer:
India follows contralised planning methodology and Planning Commission is responsible for planning. Planning Commission is a statutory body, whose Chairman is the Prime Minister of the country. The commission also has a vice – chairman and several other members. India has adopted five – year planning system and till date 12 five – year plans and 6 annual plans have been completed. At present, NITI Aayog has been formed in place of Planning Commission.

Question 2.
What is planning and what are its goals ?
Answer:
Planning is a method through which optimal utilization of resources is done for the prosperity of the country. It is an organised, conscious and sustainable method to achieve specific objectives/goals.

Its objectives are as follows:

  1. To reduce the difference between standards and reality.
  2. To achieve self dependence.
  3. To reduce the inequalities between interior regions and urban centers.
  4. To improve the standard of living of people.

Question 3.
Why is planning important in a developing country like India?
Answer:
Planning is important in a developing country like India for the following reasons:

  1. To eliminate poverty.
  2. To increase the national and per capita income of the country.
  3. To reduce the inequality between income and prosperity.
  4. To increase employment opportunities.
  5. For multifaceted development.
  6. To secure self dependence.

Question 4.
Write a note on NITI Aayog.
Answer:
Planning Commission, which was established in year 1950, was replaced by NITI Aayog on January 01, 2015. Chaired by the Prime Minister of the country, NITI Aayog will act as a “think tank” for all the future planning and will make plans for the central government as well as for the state governments. It will act as a technical consultant and will make strategy for central and state governments on issues of national and international importance. It will also advise the government for the future outlook of five – year planning.

RBSE Solutions for Class 12 Geography Chapter 21 Planning in India

Question 5.
What is the current structure of NITI Aayog?
Answer:
The current structure of NITI Aayog is as follows:

1. Chairperson:
Sri Narendra Modi (Hon. Prime Minister)

2. Vice President:
Rajiv Kumar

3. Full time members:
Prof. Bibek Debroy (Center For Policy Research, New Delhi) V IC Saraswat (D. R. D. O. Chief)

4. Ex – Officio Members:
Rajnath Singh (Home Minister), Aran Jaitley (Finance Minister), Suresh Prabhu (Minister of Commerce and Foreign Trade) and Radha Mohan Singh (Agriculture Minister).

5. Special Invitees:
Nitin Gadkari, Smiriti Irani and Thawar Chand Gehlot Governing Council : All the Chief Ministers of States and Lieutenant Governors of Union Territories.

6. Chief Executive Officer (CEO):
Amitabh Kant.

Question 6.
What are the main functions of National Development Council?
Answer:
Following are the main functions assigned to National Development Council:

  1. To study, analyse and finalise the national plan and give approval to it.
  2. To give advice to the Niti Aayog for the priorities.
  3. To consider social and financial aspects of development.
  4. To measure the implication of planning from time to time.

Question 7.
What are the main goals of five-year planning?
Answer:
Following are the main goals of five – year planning:

  1. Increase in national income and per capita income.
  2. Increase in employment opportunities.
  3. Increase in agricultural production.
  4. Development of industries.
  5. Elimination of financial inequality.
  6. Achieving self – dependence.
  7. To reduce our dependence on foreign/overseas aid.

RBSE Solutions for Class 12 Geography Chapter 21 Planning in India

Question 8.
What were the problems faced by the nation during first five – year plan?
Answer:
Following were the problems faced by the nation during first five – year plan:

  1. Stagnant economy due to Second World War and partition of the nation.
  2. Increasing number of refugees.
  3. Increase in inflation.
  4. Food shortage, etc.

Question 9.
What were the priorities of first five – year plan?
Answer:
The priorities of first five year plan were as follows:

  1. Agriculture and irrigation (One-fourth of total expenditure).
  2. Energy production.
  3. Development of industries.
  4. Education, health and social security for social welfare.

Question 10.
What were the objectives of second five-year plan?
Answer:
Following were the main objectives of second five – year plan:

  1. Rapid industrialization and development of basic industries was the topmost priority.
  2. Development of transport.
  3. Irrigational and power development.

RBSE Solutions for Class 12 Geography Chapter 21 Planning in India

Question 11.
What were the goals fixed in the sixth five – year plan?
Answer:
Following were the goals fixed in the sixth five year – plan for poverty eradication and unemployment reduction:

  1. To increase the annual growth rate by 5.2% each year.
  2. To increase per capita income by 3.3%.
  3. To achieve increase in industrial development at 8.9%.
  4. To achieve 4% agricultural growth rate per year.
  5. To achieve 5.2% annual growth rate in service sector.

Question 12.
What were the goals of 7th five – year plan?
Answer:
The 7th five – year plan had the following goals to solve the problem of poverty, unemployment and regional inequality:

  1. To reduce the number of people falling below poverty line (BPL) to 25.8% from the current 37%.
  2. Increase in annual growth rate to 5%.
  3. Increase in food production to 18.3 crore tons.
  4. To increase the growth of industrial development to 8%.
  5. To increase the rate of annual investment and saving to 25.9% and 24.4% respectively.

Question 13.
What was the early background of 8th five – year plan?
Answer:
The 8th five – year plan got started, when in the entire world, revolutionary changes were taking place. Following were the early background of 8th five – year plan:

  1. End of Cold War in the world.
  2. Independent markets, competitive environment and arrangement of social reform.
  3. Increase in process of structural reforms and adjustment.
  4. New plans for industries, foreign trade, exchange rate, fiscal and monetary policies.

Question 14.
What were the important sectors of 9th five – year plan?
Answer:
In 9th five – year plan, few such sectors were identified which were given special importance. They were:

  1. Improvement in financial position.
  2. To reduce fiscal loss of central and state governments by making long-term plans.
  3. To boost export.
  4. Improvement in infrastructure for effectiveness and efficiency.
  5. Removing environmental imbalance.
  6. Increasing people’s involvement through empowering Panchayat Raj system.
  7. Boosting foreign investment.

RBSE Solutions for Class 12 Geography Chapter 21 Planning in India

Question 15.
In 10th five – year plan, which sub – committees were established under National Development Council?
Answer:
In 10th five – year plan, the following sub – committees were established under National Development Council:

  1. For improvement of e – governance.
  2. Development of right environment for investors.
  3. To remove the barriers of internal trade.
  4. To make panchayat stronger in financial and administrative perspective.

Question 16.
Explain important aspects of 11th five – year plan.
Answer:
Important aspects of 11th five – year plan were as follows:

  1. From 2001 to 2011 to reduce the decade growth rate of population to 16.2%.
  2. To reduce the total fertility rate from 2 to 1.
  3. To increase the sex ratio in 0 – 6 age group to 935 by 2011 – 2012 and 950 by 2016 – 17.
  4. To ensure availability of clean drinking water in all villages by 2012.
  5. To connect all villages via telephones by November 2007 and to provide broadband services in all villages by 2012.

Question 17.
What is the need for multi – level planning in countries like India?
Answer:
The need of multi – level planning in countries like India is as follows:

  1. India is a democratic country and has federal (Union of States) system where states have autonomy in many areas and these states play an important role in execution of planning.
  2. Centralized planning results in regional inequality, and small – level problems are ignored. Multi – level planning is a solution to this.
  3. Multi – level planning can be a solution to the problem of the poor and by the involvement of people this problem can be solved.

RBSE Solutions for Class 12 Geography Chapter 21 Planning in India

Question 18.
What Is the tribal population (in percentage) in main Tribal populated regions in India?
Answer:
The North – Eastern states of India have the largest number of tribal population. The list is as follows:

States Population (Percentage of total population)
Lakshadweep 98.80
Mizoram 94.43
Nagaland 86.48
Meghalaya 86.15
Arunachal Pradesh 68.79
Dadra Nagar Haveli 51.95

Question 19.
Mention the names of states in India which have tribal population more than the average population of 8.61%.
Answer:
Twelve States of the country have tribal population more than the average population of 8.61%: namely – Manipur, Chattisgarh, Tripura, Jharkhand, Odisha, Sikkim, Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat, Rajasthan, Assam, Jammu – Kashmir and Maharashtra and union territories Daman and Diu and Andaman and Nicobar islands.

Question 20.
Mountainous regions are favorable for which industries?
Answer:
Mountainous regions are favorable for those industries which require pollution-free environment, cold climate, high efficiency and value addition. Electronics, Medicines, Optical glass, etc, are main industries suited to these regions. Cottage industries like rug knitting and hand loom industries are most favorable for these areas. Apart from this, tourism industry is proving to be the most important industry of these regions.

Question 21.
What is the objective behind making Biosphere reserves and National Parks in mountainous areas?
Answer:
Mountainous areas, especially Himalayan region, are famous for its biodiversity, medicinal plants, flora and fauna and also other wildlife species are found in abundance. Therefore, to protect and conserve the valuable plant and animal wealth, the establishment of Biosphere Reserves and National Parks is necessary.

RBSE Solutions for Class 12 Geography Chapter 21 Planning in India

Question 22.
For planning in mountainous regions, what should be done and why?
Answer:
For scientific planning in mountainous region, detailed knowledge of resources (like soil, mineral, water etc) is required for which remote – sensing technique, aerial photo technique and land survey methods can be used. Here, long – term and short – term planning should be done for a region, sub – region and micro level, and environmental protection and involvement of people in it should be promoted.

RBSE Class 12 Geography Chapter 21 Short Answer Type Questions (SA-II)

Question 1.
Mention main functions of NITI Aayog.
Answer:
Main functions assigned to NITI Aayog are the following:

  1. To determine the material, immaterial, historical and human resources of the country.
  2. To develop plans, considering the optimal and efficient use of resources.
  3. To set priorities and distribute the resources according to it.
  4. Making the road – map and determining the working ability for the success of planning.
  5. Measuring the progress of planning.
  6. Making the government aware of the constraints of financial development.
  7. Advising central and state governments for financial development.

Question 2.
What were the objectives of 3rd five – year plan?
Answer:
The objectives of 3rd five year planning were as follows:

  1. To increase the growth rate of annual national income by 5 – 6%.
  2. To be self – dependent in food production and to increase agricultural production for domestic consumption, industries and export.
  3. To develop infrastructural industries as per Indian requirement.
  4. To maintain equality of income, property and opportunities.
  5. To make optimum use of human resources of the country and increase employment opportunities.

RBSE Solutions for Class 12 Geography Chapter 21 Planning in India

Question 3.
Write a comment on three annual plans (1966 – 1969).
Answer:
Before the 4th (fourth) five – year plan, three annual plan were implemented. The main objective of these annual plans was to continue the development program and to make the required background for the 4th five year plan. In this period, the public expenditure was ₹ 6625 crore. In first two annual plans, agriculture was given importance, and in third (3 rd) annual plan, industries were given importance. In this period, the development rate was 3.8%, there was increase in inflation and a reduction in savings and investment which resulted in a slowdown in economic growth.

Question 4.
Mention the objectives of (eighth) 8th five – year plan.
Answer:
Main objectives of 8th five – year plan were as follows:

  1. Increase in employment opportunities.
  2. To control increase in population by active participation and motivation of people.
  3. Spreading elementary education and complete eradication of illiteracy in the age group of 15 – 35 years.
  4. Safe drinking water and expansion of elementary/primary services.
  5. To be self dependent in food production.
  6. To make the infrastructure strong for a self – sustained economy.

Question 5.
Mention the objectives and goals of 9th (ninth) five – year plan.
Answer:
The objectives and goals of 9th (ninth) five – year plan were as follows:

  1. To give priority to agriculture and rural development and to provide sufficient productive employment.
  2. To control inflation along with increase in pace of economic development.
  3. To ensure food and nourishment to weaker sections of society.
  4. To control increase in population.
  5. To protect the environment in the process of development by public participation.
  6. To protect Panchyati Raj system.
  7. To make women and neglected sections of society more competent and capable.
  8. To strengthen the effort for achieving self – dependence.

RBSE Solutions for Class 12 Geography Chapter 21 Planning in India

RBSE Class 12 Geography Chapter 21 Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Write a short note on the various five – year plans in India.
Answer:
The five – year planning system in India started on April 01, 1951. Till date, 12th five – year plans and 6 annual plans have been completed. The 12th five year plan started from 2012 and ended on March 31, 2017. The various five – year plans and their main programmes are as follows:
RBSE Solutions for Class 12 Geography Chapter 21 Planning in India img-1

RBSE Solutions for Class 12 Geography Chapter 21 Planning in India

Question 2.
The problems of mountainous regions are different from plains, similarly planning programs are different. Explain.
Answer:
Problems of mountainous regions are quite different from plains. This is the reason that for each mountainous region, specific development plan should be made, keeping in view the different topography, culture, social and economical specialties. Judicious use of land, minerals, water and other resources is necessary. All development plans should be made by active participation of the people, specially women. Following development plans can be made for mountainous regions:

1. The main development program for mountainous regions includes gardening, plantation, animal, husbandry, poultry, agriculture, forestry, soil conservation and rural industries. Under this, emphasis is laid upon the package of programmes and participation.

2. Horticulture:
Tea, spices, etc. agro forestry, social forestry etc. are included.

3. In some hilly areas, shifting agriculture is in practice. Programs are made to convert these into sustainable agriculture practice and establishment of farmers.

4. Hilly areas where pastures are available, animal rearing should be promoted.

5. Hilly areas are most favorable for some specific industries which require pollution free environment, cold climate, high efficiency and value addition like electronics, medicines, optical glass etc. Cottage industries like rug knitting and hand loom industries are also favorable. To promote these industries, planning should be done.

6. Mountainous areas, specially Himalayan region, are famous for their biodiversity, medicinal plants, flora and fauna and other wildlife species which are found in abundance. Therefore, to protect and conserve valuable plant and animal wealth, establishment of biosphere reserves, national parks and wildlife sanctuaries is important.

7. For scientific planning in mountainous regions, detailed knowledge of resources (like soil, mineral, vegetation, water, etc.) is required, for which remote sensing technique, aerial photo technique and Land survey can be used. Here, long term and short term planning should be done for a region, sub region and micro level. The participation and involvement of people should be encouraged.

RBSE Solutions for Class 12 Geography