RBSE Solutions for Class 12 Geography Chapter 23 Irrigation and Drinking Water

Rajasthan Board RBSE Class 12 Geography Chapter 23 Irrigation and Drinking Water

RBSE Class 12 Geography Chapter 23 Text Book Questions

RBSE Class 12 Geography Chapter 23 Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1.
The district in which irrigation means are mostly wells and tube – wells:
(a) Jaipur
(b) Bharatpur
(c) Alwar
(d) Dholpur
Answer:
(a) Jaipur

Question 2.
In which area of Rajasthan, more than 26 per cent of irrigation is done through wells?
(a) Northern and North – Eastern
(b) South – Eastern
(c) Southern and South – Western
(d) Eastern part
Answer:
(d) Eastern part

Question 3.
Which of the two lakes in Rajasthan, are more useful for irrigation purpose?
(a) Jaisamand – Rajsamand
(b) Fateh sagar – Udaisagar
(c) Ummedsagar – Bhopal sagar
(d) Hemawas – Sardar Samand
Answer:
(c) Ummedsagar – Bhopal sagar

RBSE Solutions for Class 12 Geography Chapter 23 Irrigation and Drinking Water

Question 4.
What per cent of water resources does Rajasthan have of the total water resources of India?
(a) 5 per cent
(b) 8 per cent
(c) 1 per cent
(d) Not countable
Answer:
(c) 1 per cent

Question 5.
Ganga nagar is linked to Indira Gandhi canal:
(a) Near Sadhuwali
(b) Near Pong dam
(c) Near Lohagarh
(d) Near Gajner
Answer:
(a) Near Sadhuwali

Question 6.
What is called ‘The Pitcher of Thar’?
(a) Chandan tube well
(b) Mandal tube well
(c) Saline tube well
(d) Freshwater tube well
Answer:
(a) Chandan tube well

Question 7.
Indira Gandhi canal enters Rajasthan at:
(a) The Simawali Head
(b) The Sitawali Head
(c) The Kharsan Head
(d) The Biwaner Head
Answer:
(b) The Sitawali Head

Question 8.
Jawahar Sagar dam Is situated at:
(a) Morwan river
(b) Mahi river
(c) Chambal river
(d) Banas river
Answer:
(c) Chambal river

RBSE Solutions for Class 12 Geography Chapter 23 Irrigation and Drinking Water

RBSE Class 12 Geography Chapter 23 Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 9.
Which is the largest state of the country from geographical point of view?
Answer:
Rajasthan is the largest state in India.

Question 10.
Write the names of major lakes of Udaipur.
Answer:
Jaisamand, Pichola, Fatehsagar, and Udaisagar are important lakes in Udaipur.

Question 11.
Where is the Nakki Lake situated?
Answer:
Nakki Lake is situated at Mount Abu in Sirohi.

Question 12.
What are the important means of irrigation in Rajasthan?
Answer:
Wells and tube – wells are important means of irrigation in Rajasthan.

Question 13.
Name the campaign operated by the daily newspaper Rajasthan Patrika.
Answer:
The name of the campaign operated by the daily newspaper Rajasthan Patrika is “Amritam Jalam”.

Question 14.
How much area is irrigated by distributory canals under Indira Gandhi canal project.
Answer:
More than 70 per cent of area is irrigated by distributory canals under Indira Gandhi canal project.

Question 15.
Write the names of the dams which come under Chambal project.
Answer:
The names of dams constructed under Chambal project are Gandhi Sagar Dam, Jawahar Sagar Dam, Rana Pratap Sagar Dam and Kota Barrage.

Question 16.
Which states share the Mahi Bajaj Sagar project and in what ratio?
Answer:
The states of Rajasthan and Gujarat share the Mahi Bajaj Sagar project in the ratio of 45 : 55.

RBSE Solutions for Class 12 Geography Chapter 23 Irrigation and Drinking Water

Question 17.
What are the two chief problems of underground water in Rajasthan?
Answer:
Two chief problems of underground water in Rajasthan are:

  1. Continuously decreasing water level.
  2. Content of salt.

Question 18.
Janta Jal Yojana is a scheme of which department?
Answer:
Department of public health engineering deals with “Janata Jal Yojana” in Rajasthan.

Question 19.
On which level will the water villages be built in the country?
Answer:
The water villages will be built in the country at district level.

Question 20.
Aapni Yojana is being run with the cooperation of which country?
Answer:
Germany is co – operating in operating Aapni Yojana.

RBSE Class 12 Geography Chapter 23 Short Answer Type Questions

Question 21.
Write the names of the major rivers in Rajasthan.
Answer:
The names of important rivers in Rajasthan are – Chambal, Banas, Luni, Mahi, Banganga, Berach, Parvati, Gambhiri, Sukri, Kali Sindh, Parwan, Kothari, etc.

Question 22.
Write the names of traditional methods of collection and storage of water in our state.
Answer:
The traditional methods of collection and storage of water in our state are Khadin, Kundi, Kui, Nadi, Johad, Pond, Tanka, etc.

RBSE Solutions for Class 12 Geography Chapter 23 Irrigation and Drinking Water

Question 23.
Write the names of the main branches of Indira Gandhi canal.
Answer:
The names of main branches of Indira Gandhi canal are:

  1. Rawatsar branch (Hanumangarh).
  2. Suratgarh branch (Sriganganagar).
  3. Anupgarh branch (Sriganganagar).
  4. Pugal branch (Bikaner).
  5. Charanwala branch (Bikaner).
  6. Dantor branch (Bikaner).
  7. Barsalpur branch (Bikaner).
  8. Shaheed Birbal branch (Bikaner).
  9. Sagarmal Gopa branch (Bikaner).

Question 24.
Give suggestions for irrigation development in Rajasthan.
Answer:
To develop irrigation facilities in Rajasthan, the following suggestions can be adopted:

  1. Proper and sensible conservation of water available.
  2. The groundwater should be used very attentively.
  3. On the basis of river basin, appropriate of water should be done according to planning.
  4. With the use of latest technology, leakage and evaporation of water should be prevented.
  5. Water should be saved by using fountain and drip – irrigation methods.
  6. The combination of surface and ground water should be used.
  7. Water lines and field – water lines should be leakage proof.
  8. To get maximum and immediate outcomes, the running projects and schemes related to water should be operated carefully and on priority base.
  9. Intelligent and quick steps should be taken for new projects.
  10. The maintenance of water related projects should be given high priority.

Question 25.
Write the names of the projects which have been recently started.
Answer:
The names of recently started projects are:

  1. Barmer lift yojana.
  2. Isarda dam project.
  3. Jaipur – Bisalpur phase II.
  4. Chambal-Bisalpur link plan.
  5. Drinking water supply plan from Chambal to Alwar.
  6. Gramin Jal Praday Yojana Bhainsrodgarh (Chittorgarh).

RBSE Solutions for Class 12 Geography Chapter 23 Irrigation and Drinking Water

Question 26.
Throw light on Mukhya Mantri Jal Swavalamban Abhiyan.
Answer:
The Rajasthan state government has started the Mukhya Mantra Jal Swavalamban Abhiyan. The major objective of this program is to make the villages self dependent with the point of view of provision of drinking water. This program was given the shape of a public campaign. Participation of 9 government departments, social and religious groups and common people was ensured in the campaign.

Along with government efforts, resource management was done through sharing done by Bhamashahs, CSR activities, voluntary services and community contribution in machinery and other material. Geotagging has been done for all proposed works. Works such as construction of recharge structures, recharge of hand pumps, contour trenches, digging of nadis, construction of Khadins, construction of water beds, etc. are being done for water conservation. This will result into increase in water level and it will also help in checking soil erosion.

RBSE Class 12 Geography Chapter 23 Essay Type Questions

Question 27.
Describe the Indira Gandhi canal project.
Answer:
Indira Gandhi canal project is the largest irrigation project of the world to provide irrigation to semi – arid and arid areas of Rajasthan and it has given a face lift to its economy and economic development. It is also known by the names ‘Lifeline of Rajasthan’ and ‘Maruganga’.

Its present name is Indira Gandhi canal. Kanwar Sen, the then irrigation engineer of Bikaner, had planned for this canal in 1948. Its construction started in the same year. The origin of this canal is from Harike barrage near the confluence of Sutlej and Beas rivers in Ferozepur district in Punjab.

This canal supplies water to Sriganganagar, Hanumangarh, Bikaner, Jaisalmer, Barmer, Jodhpur, Churu and Nagaur districts. Total length of this canal is 649 km, it is 40 meters wide at the bottom and 6.4 meters deep. The construction of Indira Gandhi canal project was completed in two phases – feeder canal and main canal. The brief description of these two phases is given below:

Phase First:
Under this phase, feeder canal was constructed. Total length of feeder canal from Harike barrage to the head of Masitawali is 204 km. Also, under this phase, many distributory canals of length 345 km were also constructed.

Phase Second:
Under this phase, main canal was constructed. It starts from the historically famous town Pugal in Bikaner and it goes to Mohangarh in Jaisalmer which is nearest to Gadra road in Barmer. Under this phase, the length of constructed canal was 445 km, and the length of its distributary canals of length 5112 km were also constructed.

30 per cent of area is irrigated through lift canals and remaining 70 per cent area by distributaries.
Since the extension of the Thar desert is towards the west, therefore, lift canals are also built to supply its water to the east of Rajasthan. Besides chief branch canals, lift canals are also made, which are:

Lift canals Main branch canals
1. Gandheli (Nohar) Sahwa lift canal 1. Rawatsar branch (Hanumangarh)
2. Bikaner Lunkaransar lift canal 2. Suratgarh branch (Sriganganagar)
3. Gajner lift canal 3. Anupgarh branch (Sriganganagar)
4. Bagdasar lift canal 4. Pugal branch (Bikaner)
5. Kolayat lift canal 5. Charanwala branch (Bikaner)
6. Phalodi lift canal 6. Dantor branch (Bikaner)
7. Pokaran lift canal 7. Baralpur branch (Bikaner)
8. Jodhpur lift canal 8. Shahid Birbal branch (Jaisalmer)
9. Sagarmal Gopa branch (Jaisalmer)

Benefits of Indira Gundhi Canal Project:
We have the following benefits from this project:

  1. Direct benefit in the form of provision of irrigation.
  2. Increase in production of commercial crops.
  3. Improvement and growth of animal husbandary and fish farming.
  4. Establishment of new cities, commercial mandis.
  5. Control on expansion of desertification.
  6. Benefit to sheep rearing occupation.
  7. Development of forest region and pastureland.
  8. Possibility of reclamation of barren land for agriculture and pasture land.

RBSE Solutions for Class 12 Geography Chapter 23 Irrigation and Drinking Water img-1
Thus, we can say that Indira Gandhi Canal is the Lifeline of Western Rajasthan. This region suffers from various problems, which should be resolved.

RBSE Solutions for Class 12 Geography Chapter 23 Irrigation and Drinking Water

Question 28.
Describe the Chambal irrigation project in detail.
Answer:
Chambal irrigation project is a joint venture of Rajasthan and Madhya Pradesh. Chambal is the most important river of south – eastern Rajasthan. The Chambal irrigation project was planned with objectives to supply water for drinking, irrigation, rearing animals, fisheries purpose and to control flood, generate hydro – electricity etc.

Situation:
The project is developed on Chambal river, on the basis of 50 – 50 partnership between Rajasthan and Madhya Pradesh. It was started in the year 1952 – 54. Under this project, four dams have been built in Madhya Pradesh and three in Rajasthan.

Dams:
1. Gandhi Sagar Dam:
It is the first of the four dams built on the Chambal river, located at Bhanupura on the Rajasthan – Madhya Pardesh border. It is a 64 – meter high masonry gravity dam with a live storage capacity of 6920 million cubic metres and a catchment area of 22584 km2 of which only 1,537 km2 is in Rajasthan. The dam was completed in the year 1960. Two canals are released from it.

Left Canal:
It merges into Mahi – river at Bundi.

Right Canal:
A hydro-power station is built on it with a generating capacity of 23 MW It crosses the Parvati river and flows into M.P.

2. Rana Partap Sagar Dam:
It is located 52 km downstream of Gandhi Sagar Dam across the Chambal river near Rawatbhata in Chittorgarh district. It was completed in the year 1970. It has an installed capacity of 4 units of 43 MW.

3. Jawahar Sagar Dam:
Third dam in the series of Chambal valley project located at 29 km upstream of Kota city and at 26 km downstream of Rana Pratap Sagar Dam. It consists of 3 units of 33 MW.

4. Kota Barrage:
The fourth in the series of Chambal valley project, located about 0.8 km upstream of Kota city. It is used only for irrigation. Power generation is not done here. Two canals are released from it.
RBSE Solutions for Class 12 Geography Chapter 23 Irrigation and Drinking Water img-2
Right Canal:
Crosses Parvati and Parvan rivers and goes into M.P.

Left Canal:
It supplies irrigation water to Kota and Bundi districts.

Advantage of Chambal valley project:
Due to positive effects of this project, Kota city has turned into a major industrial center in Rajasthan. The flood effect of Chambal river also has been controlled. It provides irrigation water for 5.6 lakh hectare land. Generating facilities of hydro – electricity and tourism facilities also have developed due to this in Rajasthan.

RBSE Solutions for Class 12 Geography Chapter 23 Irrigation and Drinking Water

Question 29.
Highlight the efforts made towards
the drinking water development in Rajasthan.
Answer:
Rajasthan is the most arid state in India. It needs special attention towards the development and conservation of drinking water resources due to the following reasons:

Arid and semi – arid climate, deserted area, frequency of drought and famine continuously, insufficient rainfall, very low level of groundwater and its salinity, dissolved fluoride in the groundwater, negligence of traditional water conservation methods, improper methods of agriculture and irrigation.

The efforts for drinking water development:
It is a serious issue of concern that only 1 per cent of water resources of country are there in Rajasthan. The efforts taken to solve this serious problem can be divided into three categories:

  1. Individual efforts.
  2. community – based efforts.
  3. Government efforts.

In gross, the efforts made to improve the drinking water situation are described below:

1. Revitalization of Traditional water conservation methods:
To conserve and collect water is the ancient culture of Rajasthan. An operation of revitalization of Khadin, ICundi, Kui, Nadi, Johad, Pond, is being carried out by the government. Also, people are getting vigilant. The plants for water conservation are being laid out in all government official buildings, and Science and Environment Center and Thar Social Development Society are working for it.

2. To raise the level of groundwater:
For raising ground water level, check – dams, anicuts and small ponds are being built in the state. The groundwater recharging plants are being constructed.

3. Government efforts and plants:
Government plants and efforts made for drinking water conservation and development are the most important which are given below:

(i) Janta – Jal – Yojana:
It is a scheme of the state health engineering department. It is being operated in all 31 districts of Rajasthan except Bikaner and Jaisalmer.

(ii) Jal Gram Yojana:
Under this scheme, people are being made conscious and the availability of water is being ensured.

(iii) National Rural drinking water program:
Under this program, the government of India gives facility of grants in providing drinking water. Government of Germany is helping in operating “Aapni Yojana” for providing drinking water. It is being operated in Hanumangarh, Churu, and Jhunjhunu.

(iv) Other projects operated by Public – Health – Engineering:
Setting – up hand pumps, construction of Panghat and water tanks, small water supply schemes, and setting up Diggies.

(v) Urban drinking water schemes:
Under this scheme, 222 urban areas have been included. Surface water is supplied in 20 per cent cities, groundwater in 60 per cent cities, and both of two types in the remaining cities.

(vi) Plans for future:
Barmer Water Lift Plan, Isarda Dam, Jaipur – Bisalpur phase II, Chambal – Bisalpur link plan and Chambal – Alwar link plans are under construction.

(vii) Mukhya Mantri Jal Swavalamban Abhiyan:
It is a common man campaign for making villages self dependent in drinking Water. Its main objective is to provide water for drinking purposes, domestic use and livestock. The participation of government departments and social-religious groups is being ensured. All the works have been geotagged. Under this campaign, works like standard trench, contour trench, digging nadis, construction of Khadin, water collection, underground water recharge farm ponds, etc. are being done.

Other efforts:
Rajasthan Water Regulatory Authority 2013, the scheme operated by World Bank – water area – reconstruction project, Jalmani programme, Swajal – Dhara Yojana, Rajasthan fluorosis control program, etc. are also being conducted.

RBSE Solutions for Class 12 Geography Chapter 23 Irrigation and Drinking Water

Map Based Questions
Question 30.
Show major irrigation projects on the outline map of Rajasthan.
Answer:
RBSE Solutions for Class 12 Geography Chapter 23 Irrigation and Drinking Water img-3

Question 31.
Show main branches of Indira Gandhi canal on the outline map of Rajasthan.
Answer:
RBSE Solutions for Class 12 Geography Chapter 23 Irrigation and Drinking Water img-4

RBSE Class 12 Geography Chapter 23 Additional Questions with Answers

RBSE Class 12 Geography Chapter 23 Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1.
To which part of Rajasthan are most of water sources centralized?
(a) North – eastern
(b) North – western
(c) South – eastern
(d) South – western
Answer:
(c) South – eastern

Question 2.
The river that does not flow in Rajasthan is:
(a) Chambal
(b) Berach
(c) Gambhiri
(d) Narmada
Answer:
(d) Narmada

Question 3.
The largest part of irrigated area of Rajasthan falls in:
(a) Sriganganagar
(b) Hanumangarh
(c) Rajsamand
(d) Jaipur
Answer:
(a) Sriganga nagar

RBSE Solutions for Class 12 Geography Chapter 23 Irrigation and Drinking Water

Question 4.
The dam which is not situated in Rajasthan is:
(a) Gandhi Sagar
(b) Jawahar Sagar
(c) Rana Pratap Sagar
(d) Kota Barrage
Answer:
(a) Gandhi Sagar

Question 5.
Jaisamand Lake is situated in the district:
(a) Bundi
(b) Dungarpur
(c) Udaipur
(d) Bikaner
Answer:
(c) Udaipur

Question 6.
The district which ranks first in canal irrigation is:
(a) Jaipur
(b) Udaipur
(c) Dausa
(d) Sriganganagar
Answer:
(d) Sriganganagar

Question 7.
The district which ranks first in pond irrigation is:
(a) Udaipur
(b) Kota
(c) Bhilwara
(d) Jhalawar
Answer:
(c) Bhilwara

Question 8.
Share of Rajasthan and Gujarat in Mahi Bajaj Sagar project is in the ratio:
(a) 45 : 55
(b) 55 : 45
(c) 60 : 40
(d) 50 : 50
Answer:
(a) 45 : 55

RBSE Solutions for Class 12 Geography Chapter 23 Irrigation and Drinking Water

Question 9.
Rainwater harvesting plan was started in the year:
(a) 2000
(b) 2004
(c) 2006
(d) 2008
Answer:
(b) 2004

Question 10.
Swajaldhara project was started in the state in the year:
(a) 2007
(b) 2005
(c) 2003
(d) 2002
Answer:
(d) 2002

Matching Type Questions

Question 1.
Match Column A to Column B:

Column A (Name of the Lake) Column B (District)
(i) Fateh Sagar (a) Jodhpur
(ii) Anna Sagar (b) Udaipur
(iii) Kolayat (c) Bundi
(iv) Siliserh (d) Ajmer
(v) Navalakha (e) Bikaner
(vi) Balsamand (f) Alwar

Answer:
(i) – (b), (ii) – (d), (iii) – (e), (iv) – (f), (v) – (c), (vi) – (a).

RBSE Solutions for Class 12 Geography Chapter 23 Irrigation and Drinking Water

Question 2.
Match Column A to Column B:

Column A (Name of the Branch) Column B (District)
(i) Rawatsar Branch (a) Bikaner
(ii) Anupgarh Branch (b) Jaisalmer
(iii) Pungal Branch (c) Sriganganagar
(iv) Sagarmal Gopa Branch (d) Hanumangarh

Answer:
(i) – (d), (ii) – (c), (iii) – (a), (iv) – (b).

RBSE Class 12 Geography Chapter 23 Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What is meant by water – resource?
Answer:
Water resources are those sources of water that are useful or potentially useful for living beings.

Question 2.
Name the largest state (in area) which has least amount of rainfall in India.
Answer:
The largest state of India is Rajasthan but it receives the least amount of rainfall.

Question 3.
What is the availability of water per capita per year in Rajasthan?
Answer:
The availability of water per capita per year is only 780 cubic meters.

Question 4.
Into how many parts are water resources divided in Rajasthan?
Answer:
Water resources in Rajasthan are divided into two parts:

  1. Surface water resources.
  2. Groundwater resources.

Question 5.
What is meant by surface water resources?
Answer:
Surface water resources refer to flowing and stable water found on the surface of the earth which is or can be used to fulfill human requirements.

RBSE Solutions for Class 12 Geography Chapter 23 Irrigation and Drinking Water

Question 6.
Which are the sources of surface water?
Answer:
The sources of surface water are rivers, lakes and ponds.

Question 7.
What is inter – linking of rivers campaign?
Answer:
The interlinking of rivers campaign is a proposed large – scale civil engineering project that aims to effectively manage water resources in India by linking Indian rivers by a network of reservoirs and canals and to reduce persistent floods in some parts and water shortage in other parts of India.

Question 8.
Write the names of major lakes of Rajasthan.
Answer:
Saline and freshwater lakes are found in Rajasthan. Among these, Sambhar, Lunkaransar, Didwana, Phalodi, Degana, Kuchaman, Kawod, Parbatsar, etc. are saline water lakes and Jaisamand, Rajsamand, Pichola, Fatehsagar, Anasagar, Pushkar, Siliserh, Kolayat, Kaylana, etc. are freshwater lakes.

Question 9.
What is meant by ground water resources?
Or
What are underground water resources?
Answer:
Water amassed in the internal part of the earth, i.e., under the surface of the earth, which is or can be used to fulfill human requirements is known as under water resources.

Question 10.
What is meant by water conservation?
Answer:
The process of water use, by which there is appropriate maintenance of resources and the resource is not misused and insensible waste is prevented, is known as water conservation.

RBSE Solutions for Class 12 Geography Chapter 23 Irrigation and Drinking Water

Question 11.
What is irrigation?
Answer:
Irrigation is the process of artificially providing water to the crops in case of lack of rainfall.

Question 12.
What are main sources of irrigation in Rajasthan?
Answer:
Main sources of irrigation in Rajasthan are wells, tube – wells, canals and ponds.

Question 13.
Why are most of ponds in Rajasthan situated in South – Eastern part?
Answer:
The South – eastern part in Rajasthan is a peneplain (an area reduced almost to a plain by erosion) which is a very favorable condition for building ponds. So, most of the ponds are situated in south – eastern Rajasthan.

Question 14.
What is called the Pitcher of Thar (Thar Ka Ghara) and why?
Answer:
The Chandan tube – well in the district of Jaisalmer is called the Thar Ka Ghara (the Pitcher of Thar) because of availability of enough quantity of fresh (drinking) water.

Question 15.
Name important multipurpose projects of Rajasthan.
Answer:
Chambal project, Bhakra – Nangal project, Beas project and Mahi Bajaj Sagar project are included in important Multipurpose projects of Rajasthan.

Question 16.
What are Grand-projects running in Rajasthan?
Answer:
Projects like Indira Gandhi canal project, Gang canal, Bharatpur canal, Gurgaon canal, Bhikhabai Sagvadha, Mahi canal, Jakham, Siddhamukh canal, Bisalpur Project, Narmada canal, Isarda Project are included in grand projects of Rajasthan.

Question 17.
Why is Indira Gandhi canal called the Maruganga of Rajasthan?
Answer:
Indira Gandhi canal has proved to be a boon for the western desert area of Rajasthan. It has completely changed its social, economic and environmental landscape. That is why it is called the Maruganga of Rajasthan.

Question 18.
What is a feeder canal?
Answer:
A canal serving to conduct water to a larger canal is called feeder canal. Under Indira Gandhi canal project, 204 km long part of the project from Harike Barrage to Masitawali head is known as feeder canal.

RBSE Solutions for Class 12 Geography Chapter 23 Irrigation and Drinking Water

Question 19.
Name lift canals constructed under Indira Gandhi canal project.
Answer:
Eight lift canals have been built under Indira Gandhi lift project and they are Gandheli Sahwa lift canal, Bikaner Lunkaransar lift canal, Gajner lift canal. Bagdasar lift canal, Kolayat lift canal, Phalodi lift canal, Pokaran lift canal and Jodhpur lift canal.

Question 20.
Name the branch canals discharged from Indira Gandhi canal.
Answer:
The branch canal discharged from Indira Gandhi canal are Rawatsar branch, Suratgarh branch, Anupgarh branch, Charanwala branch, Dantor branch, Birsalpur branch, Shaheed Birbal branch and Sagarmal Gopa branch.

Question 21.
Name the river on which the largest drinking water project is built.
Answer:
Bisalpur project is the largest drinking water project in Rajasthan which is built on the Banas river.

Question 22.
Name the Dams that have been built on Chambal river.
Answer:
Four dams that have been built on Chambal river are Jawahar Sagar, Gandhi Sagar, Rana Pratap Sagar and Kota Barrage.

Question 23.
What is a Barrage?
Answer:
A barrage is a low-head diversion dam which consists of a number of large gates that can be opened or closed to control the amount of water passing through. It allows the structure to regulate and stabilize river water elevation upstream for use in irrigation and other purposes.

Question 24.
Name the tribal dominated districts that are gaining most of the advantages from Mahi Bajaj project.
Answer:
Banswara and Dungarpur are the tribal – dominated districts which are gaining most of the advantages from Mahi Bajaj Sagar project.

RBSE Solutions for Class 12 Geography Chapter 23 Irrigation and Drinking Water

Question 25.
Why has Mahi Bajaj Sagar project proved to be a boon for the tribal-dominated areas of Rajasthan?
Answer:
The project has provided enough water for irrigation and generating electricity to the tribal – dominated areas and hence the socio – economic lifestyle of tribal population has completely changed. Therefore, the project is considered a boon for this areas.

Question 26.
Why is Rajasthan the most arid state in the country?
Answer:
Due to insufficient surface water and resources, scarcity, irregularity and uncertainty of monsoon rainfall and dis – balanced use of traditional water sources, Rajasthan is the most arid state in the country.

Question 27.
Why is water crisis increasing in Rajasthan?
Answer:
Water crisis is increasing in Rajasthan because of high temperature. Most of the water reservoirs, dams, ponds and hand-pumps have either dried up or are rapidly losing water. Also, indiscriminate use of water for irrigation and other purposes are also causes for this crisis.

Question 28.
Why are many different projects to supply drinking water are being operated in Rajasthan?
Answer:
Due to urbanization, rapid increase in population, change in the quality and falling level of groundwater and .drying up of traditional reservoirs, the demand of drinking water is increasing rapidly. Therefore, various different projects to supply drinking water are being operated in Rajasthan.

Question 29.
What are the objectives of Mukhyamantri Jal Swavalamban Abhiyan?
Answer:
The root and only objective of this campaign is to make the state of Rajasthan self – dependent in terms of drinking water and water for other purposes like domestic use, livestock and irrigation purpose.

RBSE Solutions for Class 12 Geography Chapter 23 Irrigation and Drinking Water

RBSE Class 12 Geography Chapter 23 Short Answer Type Questions (SA-I)

Question 1.
Why are the water resources in Rajasthan so important?
Answer:
Water is used in every aspect of life. Rajasthan is the largest state of the country in area, but it has only 1.16 per cent of total surface water and 1.72 per cent groundwater of the country. Rajasthan is the state of minimum rainfall. It is very hard to obtain water in desert areas of the state. So, the water resources are most important in Rajasthan.

Question 2.
Write the phrase in Rajasthani language which portrays the importance of water with the meaning of the phrase.
Answer:
“घी ढुलै मारों कईणी बिगड़े, पाणी ढुलै तो मारो जियो झल जाए”
पाणी सूं फ़ासलाफकै फल – फुलारै ढेर, पाणी जद रूंदै तो धरती पर अंधेर।

The meaning of above phrase in Rajasthani language is that if ghee present in any vessel gets spilled, it does not damage us in any manner, if water gets spilled, then our heart gets burnt, because crops grow due to water and heaps of fruit and flowers get piled up, if water is not present, then darkness would prevail all around on the earth and nothing like crops, fruits and flowers would grow.

Question 3.
What methods of water conservation can be adopted to save water?
Answer:
By adopting the following methods of water conservation, it can be saved and stored for future:

  1. By adopting modern technology of irrigation.
  2. By using groundwater sensibly and attentively.
  3. By controlling deforestation.
  4. By harvesting and storing rainwater.
  5. By using waste water after recycling.
  6. By changing the traditional agricultural methods and crop cycles.
  7. By constructing small ponds, dams and anicuts.

RBSE Solutions for Class 12 Geography Chapter 23 Irrigation and Drinking Water

Question 4.
Describe the different phases of Indira Gandhi canal project.
Answer:
This project is adopted into two different phases:

Phase First:
Construction of dis – tributaries of length 345 km for irrigation of 5.53 lakh hectare area.

Phase Second:
Construction of the main canal of length 256 km and the dis-tributaries of length 5112 km for irrigation of 19.63 lakh hectare area.

Question 5.
Which schemes are being operated for the supply of drinking water in rural areas of Rajasthan?
Answer:
For drinking water supply program, subsidy is provided under national rural drinking water program. To provide drinking water in rural areas, a campaign for setting up and repairing hand-pumps has been started in the related and affected areas. With the cooperation of German government, a scheme “Aapni Yojana” has been started at Gandheli Sahwa lift canal. Under this scheme, drinking water is being supplied in the districts of Hanumangarh, Churu, and Jhunjhunu.

RBSE Class 12 Geography Chapter 23 Short Answer Type Questions (SA-II)

Question 1.
Explain water conservation and describe its methods.
Answer:
Water conservation includes all policies, strategies and activities to sustainably manage natural resource of fresh water, to protect the hydrosphere and to meet the current and future human demand. Population, household size and growth and affluence, all determine how much water is used. It is most essential that equal participation of individuals, society and the government is required for it.

Following precautions must be taken for water conservation and for keeping it free from pollution:

  1. Industrial waste should not be thrown into water sources.
  2. Neither take a bath nor wash the clothes near or in water sources.
  3. The weeds and harmful plants should be removed from water sources.
  4. Using traditional and ancient methods of collecting and storing water, building Khadin, Kundi, Kui, Nadi, Johar, pond, etc. and making effective efforts to protect them.

If these meaningful steps are not taken to solve this problem, human beings will have to face more serious problems in future.

RBSE Solutions for Class 12 Geography Chapter 23 Irrigation and Drinking Water

Question 2.
Describe the means of irrigation used in Rajasthan.
Answer:
Irrigation is an artificial application of water for our fields for the purpose of agricultural production. Effective irrigation will influence the entire growth process from seed bed proportion, germination, root growth, nutrient utilization, plant growth and regrowth, yield and quality.

In Rajasthan, the largest irrigated area is in Sriganganagar district and least in Rajsamand. The means of irrigation in Rajasthan are wells and tube – wells, canals and ponds.

1. Wells and tube – wells:
These are the most important means of irrigation in Rajasthan. 66 per cent of total irrigated area is watered by wells and tube – wells. These are mostly used in Jaipur and Alwar. Chandan tube – well in Jaisalmer is called the “Pitcher of Thar”, as it supplies Fresh drinking water in large quantities.

2. Canals:
33 per cent of irrigated area in Rajasthan is watered by canals. Sriganganagar ranks first in canal irrigation.

3. Ponds:
0.7 per cent of irrigated area is watered by this means. It is an important means in the south and south eastern part of the state. Bhilwara ranks first and Udaipur is second in pond irrigation. Some other means of irrigation are also used, but at a very low level with only 0.3 per cent.

Question 3.
Describe the advantages of Indira Gandhi canal.
Or
How has Indira Gandhi canal project proved helpful in development of Rajasthan?
Or
How has Indira Gandhi canal project changed life in Rajasthan?
Answer:
Indira Gandhi canal project is providing various advantages as given below:

1. Facilities of irrigation:
This canal is providing’water for irrigation of 12.58 lakh hectare area in Sriganganagar, Bikaner, Jaisalmer.

2. Drinking water facility:
It is providing the facility of drinking water in eight districts of west Rajasthan.

3. Agricultural development:
Due to availability of enough water for irrigation, agricultural production has increased significantly. Also, agriculture products – based industries have developed.

4. Foundation of industrial urban centers:
Due to this canal, industrial cities and markets have been established in the state.

5. Livestock – Development:
Due to availability of green fodder and agricultural products, livestock and fisheries development is seen in the state.

6. Forestry:
Due to this canal, forest area has increased. Pasture grounds have been extended and expansion of desert area has been checked.

7. Development of Barren land:
Due to availability of water, the development of barren land has become possible.

8. Electricity:
Three micro hydro – power plants have been established at Suratgarh and Anupgarh branches which provide electricity to the state.

9. Other Benefits:
Control over famines, increase in human settlements, development of mineral industry, increase in per capita income.

RBSE Solutions for Class 12 Geography Chapter 23 Irrigation and Drinking Water

RBSE Class 12 Geography Chapter 23 Essay Type Questions

Question 1.
Describe the Mahi Bajaj Sagar project in detail.
Answer:
Mahi Bajaj Sagar project is just like nectar for the tribal population of Banswara and Dungarpur districts. It is a joint venture of Rajasthan and Gujarat which Rajasthan and Gujarat share in a ratio of 45 : 55.

Situation:
Mahi Bajaj Sagar dam is a dam built across the Mahi river at Borkhera, 16 km away from Banswara. Besides of it, two canals, two hydro – power plants, two electricity generating plants and a Kagadi pickup dam are also built there.

Phases:
Mahi Bajaj Sagar project was constructed in three phases:

1. Phase First:
Under this phase, dam construction in Borkhera (Banswara) with captive capacity of water storage 2,070,000,000 M3 or 20.70 million cubic meters. It is spread over in an area of 6240 km2 and the dam catchment capacity is 72.70 TMC.

2. Phase Second:
Under this, two canals, Anandpuri and Sagvadha in Dungarpur are released from the dam. The total length of two canals is 854 kilometers.

3. Phase:
Under this phase, two electricity power plants were built which are generating 140.95 Megawatt of electricity per day.

Effects:
After construction of Mahi Bajaj Sagar Dam, the social-economic lifestyle and living standard has positively changed. Also, agricultural and industrial development is seen everywhere. Due to this project, this tribal-dominated region has embarked on the path of rapid development.

Question 2.
Name the projects which are being operated in Rajasthan for the development of water supply and its management.
Answer:
In Rajasthan, the following steps are being taken for irrigation, drinking water supply and its management:

  1. Rajasthan Water Resource Regulatory Authority (implemented 2013).
  2. Rajasthan Water Reconstruction Project (fostered by World Bank).
  3. Rajasthan Small Irrigation Purge/Purification Project (RAJAMIIP) 2005.
  4. Rainwater Harvesting Plan, 2004.
  5. European Union State Participation Program (2007).
  6. Jalmani Yojana in which school students are provided clean and fresh drinking water through water plants.
  7. Rajiv Gandhi Water Development and Conservation Mission 2010.
  8. Irrigation Management and Training Institute, Kota 1984.
  9. Swajal – Dhara Yojana, 2002
  10. Accelerated Irrigation Benefit Program
  11. Rajasthan Fluorosis Control Program
  12. Indira Gandhi Lift Canal Projects
  13. Mukhya Mantri Jal Swavalamban Abhiyan, etc.

RBSE Solutions for Class 12 Geography