Rajasthan Board RBSE Class 12 Geography Chapter 9 Secondary Occupations
RBSE Class 12 Geography Chapter 9 Text Book Questions
RBSE Class 12 Geography Chapter 9 Multiple Choice Questions
Question 1.
Which of the following is not a mode of power?
(a) Coal
(b) Petroleum
(c) Hydro – electricity
(d) Copper
Answer:
(d) Copper
Question 2.
The country which has made enough development while it has least natural resources:
(a) Japan
(b) India
(c) China
(d) Russia
Answer:
(a) Japan
Question 3.
Which of the following mode of power is not helpful in the decentralization of industries?
(a) Hydro – electricity
(b) Coal
(c) Petroleum
(d) Natural Gas
Answer:
(c) Petroleum
Question 4.
Which statement is not related to cottage industries?
(a) Local raw materials
(b) Labour by family members
(c) Low amount of product
(d) More capital
Answer:
(d) More capital
Question 5.
Which of the following is not an agriculture-based industry?
(a) Cotton textile Industry
(b) Rubber industry
(c) Cement industry
(d) Vegetable oil industry
Answer:
(c) Cement industry
Question 6.
Forest – based industry is:
(a) Leather industry
(b) Sugar industry
(c) Paper industry
(d) Aluminium industry
Answer:
(c) Paper industry
Question 7.
Which of the following is China’s leading iron-steel manufacturing area?
(a) Manchuria
(b) Nagasaki – Yavata
(c) Pittsburg youngstown
(d) Ural region
Answer:
(a) Manchuria
Question 8.
Which of the following is not an iron – steel center of India?
(a) Jamshedpur
(b) Durgapur
(c) Rourkela
(d) Pittsburgh
Answer:
(d) Pittsburgh
RBSE Class 12 Geography Chapter 9 Very Short Answer Type Questions
Question 9.
Which major region of India is located near the coal region?
Answer:
Most of the iron-steel manufacturing centers in India are situated near the coal mines of Jharia and Raniganj in Damodar river valley.
Question 10.
Name the methods of iron-steel manufacturing.
Answer:
Three methods which are used in modern iron-steel manufacturing are:
- Bessemer method
- The free furnace method
- Electric furnace method.
RBSE Class 12 Geography Chapter 9 Short Answer Type Questions
Question 11.
Name iron – steel producing countries.
Answer:
Iron – steel industry is widely distributed. It has been centralised in the developed countries of America, Europe, and Asia, China, the United States, Russia, and Germany which are the major steel – producing countries of the world. In addition to this, iron and steel is also produced in South-Korea, Ukraine, Brazil and India. China is the largest and Japan is the second largest steel manufacturing country in the world.
Question 12.
Give a brief description of the textile manufacturing industry.
Answer:
Textile industry is one of the oldest industries of the human race. It started in the form of cottage and small – scale industry, but at present, it has become a highly developed industry. Modern textile industry was started in the United Kingdom during Industrial Revolution. The cotton textile industry, woollen textile industry and the silk textile industry are included in this industry.
Question 13.
What is meant by large scale industry?
Answer:
The beginning of large scale industries took place after the industrial revolution. Requirements of various types of raw material, extended market, skilled labour, more capital and high technology are there in these industries. Quality in production and specialisation in production are its major characteristics. The produced goods are exported. Cement, petroleum, iron and steel etc. are types of large scale industries. Industries having such characteristics are called large scale industries.
Question 14.
Describe iron and steel industry in Japan.
Answer:
Japan is the second biggest steel producing country of the world. There is a lack of local raw materials in Japan, but due to its excellent technology and advanced modes of transportation, it has become a major steel producing area on the basis of adequate capital and progressive government policies. The main areas where steel plants are located in Japan are:
1. Nagasaki – Yawata Region:
Located in northern Kyushu Island. It is the largest iron and steel plant in Japan. Its major centres include Yawata, Nagasaki, Kokura, Mauji and Shimonoseki.
2. Kobe – Osaka – Region:
Located in the Southern part of Honshu Island. Its major centres include Kobe, Osaka, Hirohito and Sakai.
3. Tokyo Yokohama Region:
It is situated in Honshu island. Its major centres include Tokyo, Yokohama and Kawasaki.
4. Muroran Area:
Located in the Southern part of Hokkaido Island.
Question 15.
Describe woollen textile industry.
Answer:
Woollen textile is the second largest industry in the world. A rapid development of woollen textile industry emerged in England in 17th century. After the Second World War, the invention of modern machines in Japan accelerated the development of the woollen textile industy. In terms of quantity, woollen garment industy in the world is only 10 to 15 per cent of cotton textiles, but it is an important industry in terms of earnings. It needs skilled labour, clean water supply, resources of power, large amount of capital and easy modes of transportation.
Major Regions:
Around two – third of woollen textile industry of the world is centralised in Europe. Russia, China, Japan, Germany, India, USA, Romania, Poland, Great Britain etc. are major woollen textile producing countries of the world. Australia, New Zealand, South Africa and Uruguay are major woollen textile producing countries of the Southern Hemisphere where 5 per cent of world’s woollen textile production takes place.
RBSE Class 12 Geography Chapter 9 Essay Type Questions
Question 16.
Describe the factors of localisation of industries.
Answer:
Establishment of industries can be done only in those places where necessary geographical conditions are available for their development. The factors affecting the location and development of industries are given below:
1. Raw materials:
The availability of raw-materials is the base of the development of every industry. Therefore, most of the industries are located or established where enough raw – materials are found easily. The industries in which heavy, cheaper and such raw – materials are used that lose weight during manufacturing have similar tendency. Most of iron – steel industries are set up near the coal mines and iron mines. Industries based on fast spoiling raw materials such as fruits vegetables, milk, fish are established near the spots where enough raw – materials are available.
2. Means of power:
Production of any kind of goods requires major sources of power including coal, petroleum, hydro-electricity, gas and nuclear energy Heavy industries like iron-steel are located and centralised near the coal mines. Aluminium industry needs clean and fresh water, so it is established near water resources and reservoirs.
3. Transport and communication:
The cost of transportation has an important place in every type of industry. Transport is essential to bring raw – materials to factories and to send products to the market. Means of communication is also important for any kind of production.
4. Market:
The most important factor in establishing an industry is the availability of market for the sale of its produce(s). A large purchasing power and densely populated area provides a good market to any kind of production.
5. Skilled workers:
There is no possibility of any kind of industry without availability of skilled workers. In spite of rapid machanisation of industries, demand of skilled labourers is still very important. Skilled and technocrates are always in demand.
6. Capital:
Capital is the most important for all types of trades and economic activities. Without enough capital, no factory can be established, no raw material can be purchased, no worker can be hired and no machine can be installed and used. Hence, there can be no production in absence of capital.
7. Water supply:
There are many industries which need enough supply of clean and fresh water. A lot of water is used in iron and steel industry, textile industry, paper industry, leather industry, atomic power houses, etc.
8. Climate:
Pleasant and healthy climate increases the working efficiency of the workers. Different industries require different types of climate. The cotton textile industry demands wet/humid climate, but film industry prefers cloudless sky.
9. High – technology:
It is high technology which makes it possible to maintain the quality of manufacturing, to control the disposal of waste and pollution.
10. Government Policy:
Policies of government also affect the development of industries. Taxation, licensing policy, etc. affect the industry.
11. Other factors:
Affordable land, political stability, law and order and banking and insurance are other factors that affect the establishment of industry.
Question 17.
Write down the classification of industries.
Answer:
The industries are generally classified on the basis of size, raw-materials, products and ownership.
1. On the basis of size:
On the basis of size, industries can be classified into three categories.
(a) Cottage Industry:
This is the smallest unit of manufacturing. Only family members, with small capital, use locally obtained raw materials to make ordinary goods. They use traditional equipment and sell their products in the local market. They manufacture cloth, furniture, earthen pots, shoes, etc.
(b) Small – Scale Industry:
Local raw – materials are used in this type of industry. Some skilled and unskilled workers operate simple tools which run and function by power. These industries are found in densely populated or developing countries. Total investment in the plant and machinary does not exceed ₹ 1 crore.
(c) Large – Scale Industry:
Large – scale industries require different types of raw materials, means of power, huge market, skilled workers, high technology and large amount of capital. Cement, cotton, petrochemicals, iron-steel industries are some examples.
2. On the basis of Raw – material:
The industries are further classified into five categories.
(a) Agro – based Industries:
The plants for which agricultural produce is essential for industrial outputs or productions are called agro – based industries. Cotton textile, silk, jute, beverages (tea, coffee, cocoa), food processing and vegetable – oils are some of its examples.
(b) Mineral – based industries:
In this type of industries, minerals are used as raw materials. Most of these industries are large-scale industries. Iron and Steel industry, machine and tools industry, etc. are some of its examples.
(c) Chemical – based industries:
In these industries, naturally – obtained chemical minerals are used. Petrochemical indsutry, fertilizer industry, paint industry, etc. are its examples.
(d) Forest – produce – Based Industries:
In these industries, forest-produce is used as raw material. For example-paper and pulp industry, furniture industry, match-stick making industry, etc.
(e) Animal – Based Industries:
The raw materials used in leather industry and woollen textile industry are obtained only from animals.
3. On the basisi of Ownership:
These types of industries are divided into three categories.
(a) Public Sector Industries:
These types of industries are subject to government control. Many industries in India are under the public – sector. Most of the industries in the communist countries are government owned.
(b) Private Sector Industries:
The private investors have the ownership of these industries. Most of the industries in capitalist system are in private sector.
(c) Joint Sector Industries:
These types of industries are operated by joint companies or by joint efforts of private and public sector.
Question 18.
Write an article on iron and steel industry or cotton textile industry.
Answer:
Iron & Steel Industry:
Iron & Steel industry is the cornerstone of modern industrial age. It is itself a heavy industry and is the source of raw materials for almost all other industries. Hence, it is called the basic industry. Without it no kind of development can be imagined so it is also known as axis industry. It is an industry of all industries.
Methods of Modern Iron and steel Production:
Three methods are used in modern iron & steel industry.
- Besmer method
- The free furnace method
- Electric furnace method.
To make iron and steel, iron ore is melted with coke and limestone in the said furnaces. When the melted iron cools down it converts into cast iron. To make steel, manganese is added to this cast iron.
Location:
Conventionally, the location of heavy steel industries are places where raw – materials like manganese and limestone are readily available, so that transport cost can be minimised.
There is also establishment of some iron and steel factories near sea ports so that the product can be easily exported. The factors given below are responsible for establishing iron & steel industry:
- Availability of raw materials in plenty.
- Availability of water reservoirs in and around.
- Availability of modes of transportation.
- Availability of cheap and enough means of power.
- Availability of skilled, semi – skilled and unskilled workers.
- Banking and insurance facilities.
- Political stability.
- Government policies.
- Motivation from the local government.
World Distribution of Iron and Steel Industry:
Iron and Steel industry is largely centralised in developed countries of the world. China, Japan, India, USA, Russia and Germany are the major iron and steel producing countries. Apart from this, iron and steel is also produced in South Korea, Ukraine, Brazil, and Italy. Japan has two of its companies ranking top ten global steel producing units. Its distribution in major countries is as follows:
1. China:
This is the largest iron and steel producing country in the world. Following are the major iron and steel producing regions here:
- Manuchuria regions: Anshan and Fushun are the major regions.
- Northern China region: Paotao, Beijing and Tientsin are the major regions.
- Yangtze Valley region: Buhan, Shanghai, Haikou and Chongqing are the major regions.
- Other centres: Canton, Kunming and Tsingtao are the major regions under this.
2. Japan:
This is the second largest steel manufacturing country in the world. Following are the major producing regions here.
(i) Nagasaki Yawata region:
This is situated in northern Kyushu island. Yawata, Nagasaki, Kokura, Mauji and Shimonoseki are its major centres.
(ii) Kobe Osaka region:
It is situated in Honshu island, Kobe, Osaka, Hirohito and Sakai are the major centres in it.
(iii) Tokyo – Yokohama region:
It is situated in Honshu island. Tokyo, Yokohama and Kawasaki are included in its major centres.
(iv) Muroran region:
It is situated in Hokkaido island. Muroran, Wanishi and Ishikari are its major centres.
3. United States of America:
Iron and steel industry was established in USA on the basis of availability of raw materials! Following are the major iron and steel centres here
(i) Pittsburg Youngstown region:
Pittsburg, Youngtown, Braddock, Georgetown and Homestead are the major centres of this region.
(ii) Chicago Garg region:
Chicago, Garg and Milwaukee are included in its major centres.
(iii) Erie Lake region:
Detroit, Buffalo, Cleveland and Toledo are included in its major regions.
(iv) Central Atlantic region:
Sparrows Point, Ellen Town, Steelton, etc. are major centres.
(v) Alabama region:
Alabama and Birmingham are major centres.
4. Russia:
Russia is the fourth largest iron and steel producing country of the world. Following are the major iron and steel centres here:
(i) Ural region:
Magnitogorsk and Nizhny Tagil are major centres. This is the oldest iron and steel producing region.
(ii) Kuznetsk region:
Kuznetsk and Novokuznetsk are major centres.
(iii) Central regions:
Tula, Lipetsk, Moscow, Leningrad and Gorky. Iron and Steel is also produced in Germany, Ukraine, India, Britain, Canada, Brazil, Australia, South Korea, etc. India is the fourth largest producer of crude steel and the largest producer of soft iron in the world.
Cotton Textile Industry:
Cotton is one of the largest industries around the globe and supports national economies in every place, where it exists. It is one of the ancient industries. It was started in India as a Cottage industry. In 18th century spinning wheel was invented and after that it developed rapidly. First cotton mill was established in Britain. In India, the first successful modern textile mill was established in Mumbai in 1854.
The factors for the development of cotton textile industry :
- Availability of cotton as a raw – material.
- Continuous supply of hydro – power.
- Wet and humid climate.
- Good transportation network.
- Availability of clean and fresh water on large scale.
- Supply of cheap locally skilled and non – skilled labour.
- Port facilities.
- Motivation by local government.
Global Distribution of cotton textile industry:
Cotton textile industry is quite wide¬spread in the world and as many as 40 countries are producing cotton yarn and cloth in varying quality. China, Soviet Union, USA, India, Japan, Poland, UK, Hong kong, eastern and westerb Germany, France and Czechoslovakia are the major cotton textile manufacturing countires. Its distribution in major countires is as follows.
China:
China is at the first place in the world in context to cotton textile production. Shanghai, Canton, Tsingtao, Tientsin, Shandong and Dairen, etc. are the major centres of cotton textile.
India:
In context to cotton textile production, India is at the second place after China in the world. Mumbai, Ahmedabad, Sholapur, Nashik, Surat, Baroda, Nagpur, Indore, Warangal, Gwalior, Kolkata, Delhi, Kanpur, Bhilwara, Beawar, Pali, Coimbatore, Madurai, Salem, Bangalore, etc. are major centres of cotton textile here.
United States of America:
In USA, most of the cotton textile mills are situated in the eastern part of Appalachian state. Firstly, cotton textile manufacturing developed in New England state. Later, most of the production started taking place in South Appalacian state. Cotton textile production is also taking place in central Atlantic states. Annual Production of cotton thread under cotton textile producing countries in the world is as follow:
Map Based Questions
Question 19.
Show major iron and steel centres on the world map.
Answer:
Question 20.
Show the leading cotton textile producing countries on the world map.
Answer:
RBSE Class 12 Geography Chapter 9 Additional Questions with Answers
RBSE Class 12 Geography Chapter 9 Multiple Choice Questions
Question 1.
Which of the following is a secondary human occupation?
(a) Mining
(b) Gathering
(c) Industry
(d) Trade and business
Answer:
(c) Industry
Question 2.
In which of the following countries most of the industries are dependent on imported raw – material?
(a) India
(b) China
(c) USA
(d) Japan
Answer:
(d) Japan
Question 3.
Jharia mines in India are related to:
(a) Coal Production
(b) Iron ore Production
(c) Copper Production
(d) Mica Production
Answer:
(a) Coal Production
Question 4.
Climate is a very important factor for the centralisation of which of the following industries?
(a) Iron and Steel Industry
(b) Cinema Industry
(c) Cement Industry
(d) Jute Industry
Answer:
(b) Cinema Industry
Question 5.
Which of the following industries is not based on agriculture?
(a) Cotton textile industry
(b) Sugar industry
(c) Cement industry
(d) Jute industry
Answer:
(c) Cement industry
Question 6.
Which of the following industries is not a weight lossing industry?
(a) Iron – Steel industry
(b) Sugar industry
(c) Cement industry
(d) Cotton textile industry
Answer:
(d) Cotton textile industry
Question 7.
In which country is the Chicago-Gary iron and steel plant located?
(a) USA
(b) Japan
(c) China
(d) India
Answer:
(a) USA
Question 8.
In which country was modern cloth manufacturing started?
(a) United States of America
(b) Britain
(c) China
(d) Japan
Answer:
(b) Britain
Question 9.
Which country stands at the second place in cotton textile production in the world?
(a) China
(b) USA
(c) India
(d) Germany
Answer:
(c) India
Question 10.
Which of the country stands first in the world in raw silk production?
(a) India
(b) Japan
(c) China
(d) Russia
Answer:
(b) Japan
Match the Following
Question 1.
Match the options given in column A with correct options given in column B:
| Column (A) (Major Industrial Area) | Column (B) (Nation) |
| (i) Nagasaki – Yawata | (a) USA |
| (ii) Chicago – Gary | (b) China |
| (iii) Manchuria | (c) Russia |
| (iv) Magnitogorsk | (d) Britain |
| (v) Bermingham | (e) Japan |
Answer:
(i) (e), (ii) (a), (iii) (b), (iv) (c), (v) (d).
RBSE Class 12 Geography Chapter 9 Very Short Answer Type Questions
Question 1.
Into how many major parts human economic activities can be divided?
Answer:
Human economic activities can be divided into three major parts:
- Primary economic activities
- Secondary economic activities
- Teritiary economic activities.
Question 2.
Write the names of major activities included under primary activities.
Answer:
Agriculture, mining, gathering of food items, fisheries, primitive hunting are included under the primary activities of human.
Question 3.
What is secondary economic activity?
Answer:
Secondary economic activity includes industries that produce finished and usable products.
Question 4.
What is meant by tertiary economic activities?
Answer:
Trade and commerce are the tertiary economic activities of human.
Question 5.
Mention the names of quaternary economic activities.
Answer:
Financial and banking services, insurance, communication, etc. are included in quaternary economic activities of human.
Question 6.
Describe two characteristics of manufacturing industry?
Answer:
It increases the national income and it is the measuring scale of economic prosperity of a nation.
Question 7.
Name any four developed countries from the view point of industry.
Answer:
The developed countries from the view point of industry are United States of America, Japan, Germany and Britain.
Question 8.
Name the factors that affect the location of an industry.
Answer:
Factors that affect location of an industry are availability of raw – material, and availability of means of power and transport, market, skilled workers, climate, capital, water reservoir etc.
Question 9.
Name such two industries which are located near the source of raw – materials.
Answer:
Iron and Steel and Dairy and Fruits – Vegetable industries are always located near the source of its raw – materials and producing places.
Question 10.
Where are Aluminium industries mostly established?
Answer:
Most of Aluminium industries are established at places where enough and cheap hydroelectricity is available.
Question 11.
What are the factors of decentralisation of the industries in the present age?
Answer:
The main factors of decentralization of the industries are enough and cheap hydro-power supply and the supply of petroleum through pipelines.
Question 12.
Name modern means of communication.
Answer:
Mobile phone, E-Mail, Fax and internet are modern means of communication.
Question 13.
Which are two major market regions of the world?
Answer:
Two major market regions of the world are as follows:
- Developed countries having more purchasing power and densely populated regions.
- Densely populated regions of South and South – east Asia.
Question 14.
Name some industries that need enough supply of water?
Answer:
Iron and Steel industry, Aluminium industry, Textile industry and Paper industry need enough supply of water.
Question 15.
Name two industries in which climate is an important factor.
Answer:
Cotton Textile industry and Cinema industry.
Question 16.
How do government policies affect the location of industries?
Answer:
Government policies affect the location of industries in the following two ways:
- If there is nationalisation of industries in a country, then foreign companies cannot establish industries there.
- Rebate in taxes and other facilities encourage in establishment of industries.
Question 17.
Classify the manufacturing industries on the basis of their size?
Answer:
On the basis of size, manufacturing industries are classified into:
- cottage industry
- small – scale industry and
- large – scale industry.
Question 18.
What is a cottage industry?
Answer:
Cottage industry is such a industry whose labour force consists of family units or individuals working at home with their own equipment.
Question 19.
From which countries is cotton arranged for cotton textile industry of Japan and Britain?
Answer:
Cotton in the form of raw material for cotton textile industry of Japan and Britain is exported from USA, Egypt and India.
Question 20.
Name some castes of Indian villages engaged in cottage industries.
Answer:
Potters, black – smiths, gold – smiths, skinners, carpenters, etc. are operating cottage industries in Indian villages even today.
Question 21.
Classify the industries on the basis of raw-materials used in it.
Answer:
Industries are classified on the basis of raw materials used, as Agro – based industry, minerals based industry, chemical-based industry, forest produce – based industry and animal – based industry.
Question 22.
Give any two characteristics of small – scale industries.
Answer:
Two characteristics of small – scale industry is:
- Fixed investment does not exceed ₹ 1 crore.
- It is held on ownership basis or lease basis.
Question 23.
Name any four industries based on agriculture.
Answer:
Cotton textile industry, Sugar industry, Jute industry and Food processing industry are based on agriculture.
Question 24.
Name four industries based on minerals.
Answer:
Iron and steel industry, machine and tools industry, railway engine industry, and copper industry are mineral based industries.
Question 25.
Name four chemical-based industries.
Answer:
Chemical based four industries are Paint and varnish industry, Plastic industry, Petro – chemical industry and Fertilizer industry.
Question 26.
Name four forest produce – based industries.
Answer:
Forest produce based industries are Furniture industry, Paper and pulp industry, Match-stick and box making industry and Gum and lac industry.
Question 27.
Name four animal-based industries.
Answer:
Animal – based industries are Dairy industry, Meat industry, Leather industry, Fisheries Fat industry and wollen Industry.
Question 28.
Into how many parts are industries divided on the basis of ownership?
Answer:
Industries are divided into three parts on the basis of ownership – public sector, private sector and joint sector.
Question 29.
Why is iron and steel industry called a basic industry?
Answer:
Iron and Steel industry is the basic pillar of modern industrial age. This industry is a ’ source of raw material for hundreds of other industries. Therefore, it is called as a basic industry. Industrial development cannot even be imagined without it. Therefore, it is also known as a pivot industry.
Question 30.
Name major centres of iron and steel industry in Germany.
Answer:
In Germany, Duisburg, Dortmund, Dusseldorf and Aichen are the major centres of iron and steel industry.
Question 31.
Which are major centres of iron and steel industry in India?
Answer:
Major centres of iron Sc steel industry in India are—Jamshedpur, Kulti, Burhanpur, Durgapur, Bokaro, Rourkela, Bhilai, Salem, Vishakhapatnam and Bhadrawati.
Question 32.
Write down the major centres of Iron and steel industry in Britain.
Answer:
Cardiff, Talbat, Flart-ford, Sheffield, Glasgow, Lancashire are major centres of iron and steel industry in Britain.
Question 33.
Which are the two modern tendencies of cotton textile industry in present time?
Answer:
Two modern tendencies emerging in cotton textile industry in present time are as given below:
- Due to competition with artificial fibre in this industry, negative tendency is being observed in it in various countries.
- Due to being less labour intensive, this industry is shifting towards lesser developed countries.
Question 34.
What are two essential factors for woollen textile industry?
Answer:
Two essential factors for woollen textile industry are – the ease and convenience of the market and proper supply of raw material in the location.
Question 35.
Name major countries where woollen textile production takes place in the world.
Answer:
Major woollen clothes producing countries of the world are—Russia, China, Japan, Germany, India, USA, etc.
Question 36.
Where and when did silk textile industry start first?
Answer:
Silk textile industry started in China as a cottage industry during Neolithic age.
Question 37.
Name the insect from which natural silk is obtained.
Answer:
Natural silk is obtained from cocoons of larva of mulberry silkworm.
Question 38.
Name major countries where silk-cloth is produced.
Answer:
Major silk – cloth producing countries are Japan, United States of America, France, China, Germany, England, India, etc.
Question 39.
Which are main silk textile centres in Japan?
Answer:
Main centres of silk textile in Japan are Yamagata, Fukushima, Nigita, Kinki and Kyoto.
Question 40.
Which are important centres of silk textile in China?
Answer:
Important centres of silk textile in China are Shanghai, Kwangchau.
Question 41.
Which are main centres of silk textile in India?
Answer:
In India, main centres of silk textile are Kolkata, Mysore, Bengaluru and Chennai.
Question 42.
Which are main silk textile centres of France?
Answer:
Main Silk textile centre of France include Lyons city situated in Rhone valley.
What is the use of Jute fabric?
Answer:
Jute is used mainly to make cloth for wrapping bales of raw cotton and to make sacks and coarse cloth. .
Question 44.
Write the names of two top most Jute producing countries.
Answer:
The two top most Jute producing countries are India and Bangladesh.
Question 45.
Write the names of Major Jute producing countries in the world.
Answer:
Major Jute producing countries are India, Bangladesh, Germany, Great Britain, France, Italy, Spain, Sweden, Japan, Canada, USA, China and Thailand.
Question 46.
Name four Jute product’s importer countries?
Answer:
China, Pakistan, India, Nepal and Bangladesh are chief jute product importers of the world.
RBSE Class 12 Geography Chapter 9 Short Answer Type Questions (SA-I)
Question 1.
Which activities are included under secondary occupation?
Answer:
All those activities are included under secondary occupation, which processes to refining natural resources, changing their appearance and making them more useful. The value of natural resources increase through secondary economic activities.
Question 2.
Into which ten groups are secondary occupations divided?
Answer:
Secondary activities can be divided into ten main groups:
- Engineering industry
- Construction industry
- Electronic industry
- Chemical industry
- Power industry
- Clothing industry
- Food and Beverage industry
- Metallurgical industry
- Plastic industry
- Transport and Communication industry.
Question 3.
What is the effect of modes of transportation on the centralisation of industries? Explain with an example.
Answer:
Modes of transportation have a significant impact on the centralisation of industries. For example:
- Centralisation of industries in western Europe and eastern parts of North America is a result of a developed transport system.
- The reason for lesser industrial development in most countries of Asia, Africa and South America is the lack of modes of transportation.
Question 4.
Write any three characteristics of cottage industry?
Answer:
Three characterstics of cottage industry are the following:
- It is the smallest unit of manufacturing activities, which uses local raw material.
- This type of industry is run by family members.
- This type of industry produces things of daily use.
Question 5.
Write the difference between Cottage Industry and Small Scale Industry.
| Cottage Industry | Small Scale Industry |
| 1. It is the smallest unit of manufacturing activities. | 1. It is a medium unit of manufacturing activities. |
| 2. In this industry family members are engaged. | 2. In this industry, local labour is also enagaged. |
| 3. In this industry, local raw material is used for production. | 3. In this industry, local raw material and raw material brought from outside are also used. |
| 4. Commercial importance of goods made by this type of industry is less. | 4. Commercial importance of goods manufactured by this type of industry is more. |
Question 6.
What is difference between small scale and large Scale Industry?
Answer:
Difference between small scale and large scale industries:
| Small Scale Industry | Large Scale Industry |
| 1. In this industry, small sized machines are used. | 1. In this industry big sized power operated machines are used. |
| 2. In this industry work is done by semi-skilled labour. | 2. In this industry work is done by skilled labour. |
| 3. In this industry, investment of capital is less. | 3. In this industry, investment of capital is very huge. |
| 4. These industries are the basis of development of developing countries. | 4. These industries are the basis of developed countries. |
Question 7.
Write any three characteristics of large scale Industry.
Answer:
There are many requisities for a large scale industry, like raw material, source of power, skilled labour, extensive market, high technology and huge capital investment. These types of industries have developed after the industrial revolution. The major characterstics of large Scale Industries are are below:
- Special focus is laid on product quality.
- Focused on specialisation of products.
- Produced goods are exported.
Question 8.
What is meant by agriculture based industry? Clarify with example.
Answer:
Industries based on agricultural products are known as agriculture based industries. Raw materials obtained from agriculture extend significant contribution in establishment and development of various industries. Raw materials obtained from fields are changed into finished products through various processes and are sent to rural and urban markets for sale. Major agriculture based industries include food processing industry, sugar, pickle, fruit juice, beverage, spices, oil and cloth (cotton, silken and jute) and rubber industry
Question 9.
Describe the manufacturing process of modern iron and steel industry.
Answer:
Three methods are used in modern iron and steel manufacturing activities. These are:
- Besemer process
- Free furnace method
- Electric furnace method
In order to make iron and steel, the ore is melted along with coke and limestone in the furnaces. When the molten iron comes out and cools down, it is called raw iron. Manganese is mixed in this raw iron and steel is made.
Question 10.
Describe major phases of obtaining natural silk.
Answer:
Natural silk is obtained from a substance derived from the saliva of the mulberry silkworm. This insect which walks on mulberry leaves wraps the sticky material oozed from its mouth around its body This worm is known as cocoon in such condition. Fully developed worms are boiled in water to separate the silk and it is coiled in the form of thread. After this, clothes are made from silk. So, there are three major phases in silk textile industry:
- production moths.
- coiling silken threads from moths.
- weaving of silken clothes.
Question 11.
Chinese silk is in developed form right since ancient time. Explain.
Answer:
Silk from China has been in developed form right since ancient time. In ancient time, Chinese silk was sent to European countries via land route. This route was called silk route by the historians. Shanghai, Kwangchow are major centres of silk in China.
RBSE Class 12 Geography Chapter 9 Short Answer Type Questions (SA-II)
Question 1.
“The value of natural resources is appreciated by secondary economic activities.” Explain the statement with suitable examples.
Answer:
The value of natural resources is increased by secondary business. Changing the form of raw-material obtained from nature makes them more valuable and useful. The secondary business is related to manufacturing industries of all types. In this economic ativities utility of goods increases and become more valuable.
For example, cotton is an agro-produced raw-material and has limited use, but when it takes the form of cotton yarn through manufacturing activities, it becomes more useful as well as valuable. Now, it is used to manufacture cloth. Naturally obtained minerals have no use at all but after refining and purifying them in the manufactuing industry, they become more valuable and more useful goods.
Question 2.
Explain the concept of manufacturing industries.
Answer:
Manufacturing industries refer to changing the raw material obtained from primary production, through a pre – determined and controlled process with the help of automatic tools using manual or mechanical power, into the goods with desired shape, size or specific characteristics. Following are the things inherent in the concept of manufacturing industries:
- Manufacturing industry can be started at any level. From very simple goods to heavy and complex goods are included in manufacturing activities.
- Substances used in manufacturing industry include raw materials procured in natural form.
- They can also be modified products. For example, steel by which machines and parts are made.
Question 3.
Access to the availability of raw material is an important factor which affects the location of industries. Explain this statement.
Or
Explain the role accessibility to acquiring raw material in the establishment of industries.
Answer:
A large amount of raw material is required in industries. If this raw material is brought from distant places, a lot of expenses is incurred in transportation. Raw material for industries should be relatively cheaper and easily transportable. If raw material is heavy, transportation cost incurred is more and input cost increases. Therefore, manufacturing industries are established in regions with accessibility to heavy raw material.
For example, iron-and steel, sugar, cement, pulp, paper industries are all dependent on the easy availability of raw material. Manufacturing industries of those products which are perishable in nature should also be established near the regions of availability of their raw material. For example, milk products, cheese, butter, etc. manufacturing and canned fruits manufacturing industry, etc.
Question 4.
Describe the role and Importance of market in location of the industries.
Answer:
Market plays an important role in establishment of any industry. The industries are established for earning profit. Every industry needs a market to sell its products. This is why, most of the industries are established near cities or urban areas. People in urban areas have more purchasing power and thus provide a good market. There is less transportation cost to market. This is why, industries are established nearby the market.
Question 5.
Describe the role of transport and communication in the establishment of industry.
Answer:
Means of transportation and communication play an inportant role in the establishment of industries. Transportation is the basic need of all industries. Industries need fast, efficient and cheap transportation facilities for their proper development. Transportation facilities are essential for them to bring raw materials to factories and in sending their product(s) to the market.
Every industry looks for a good market to sell its finished goods. Cost of transportation affects the cost of finished commodity. Cheap transportation automatically reduces the cost price of the product(s) and it is easy to sell it with a handsome profit. Therefore, every industry looks for cheap and good transportation for its establishment.
Question 6.
What is the role of labour and power supply in the location of an industry?
Answer:
Importance of labour:
Without skilled and unskilled labour, no industry can take form. Therefore, availability of labour is an essential factor for the establishment of an industry. Skilled workers are able to do better and more work. So with their help, the best and cheaper products can be manufactured in a factory. Although, in modern age, use of machines in industries is increasing day by day, but manual effort can never lose its importance. Thus, the supply of labour plays an important role in location of an industry.
Importance of power:
An easy, proper and cheap supply of power is most important for the establishment of industries. Power is the basic need of all industries. Coal, petroleum, water, gas and nuclear energy are the main sources of power. Heavy industries are located near coal mines. So modern industries are established in places where proper and cheap means of power are available.
Question 7.
Describe the production of major woollen textile producing countries of the world.
Answer:
Woollen textile industry is the second most important industry in textile industry. Rapid development of woollen textile industry took place in 17th century in England. This is an important industry of the world in context to value. Annual production of silk clothes in major countries of the world (2013) has been as follows:
Question 8.
What Is the contribution of high – technoiogy and government policies in development of industries?
Answer:
High technology and government policies play their important role in localisation as well as development of the industries. Its clarification is given below:
1. High technology:
It is most essential to watch over environment – conservation when an industry is established. High technology keeps an eye on environment conservation.
- High – technology controls the quality of finished goods in an industry.
- It disposes the wastes of the industry properly.
- New and efficient techniques work efficiently against pollution.
2. Government policies:
The government policies of a country also affect the localisation and development of an industry.
- If the government of the country has nationalising mentality, foreign companies will not take interest in establishing industry there.
- If tax exemption and other facilities are being given to the industry sector, the possibility of establishment and development of industries will increase.
Question 9.
Classify the industries on the basis of ownership.
Answer:
On the basis of ownership, industries are classified into the following three classes:
1. Public Sector Industries:
These industries are under government ownership. Many industries of India are public sector industries. Most of the industries in communist countries are under public sector.
2. Private Sector Industries:
Under this, ownership and control of industries lie in the hands of the investors. Most of the industries in countries with capitalist economy are established in the private sector.
3. Joint Sector Industries:
This type of industries are operated with joint efforts of both public and private sector.
Question 10.
Classify product-based Industries.
Or
Describe basic and non – basic industries in brief.
Answer:
Products based, industries are classified into:
- Basic industries.
- Non – basic industries.
1. Basic Industries:
Those industries whose products are used as raw material to make other goods are called basic industries. For example, iron and steel industry is a basic industry whose product is used in other industries as raw material.
2. Non – basic indusries:
It is also known as consumer product industry. Products manufactured by these industries are taken in direct use. For example, bread and biscuit, tea, soap, cloth, paper for writing, radio, television and cosmetic industry.
RBSE Class 12 Geography Chapter 9 Essay Type Questions
Question 1.
Classify the industries on the basis of size.
Answer:
Size of an industry depends on the capital invested, number of working labour and the quantity of production. Industries can be classified on the basis of size into three categories.
1. Cottage industries:
It is the smallest unit of industries. The location of cottage industries is restricted to villages and mostly these are a household industry. It is mostly run by the family members. Cottage industries produce the goods to fulfil local requirements so, it needs a very little amout of capital and work with simple tools. These are mostly located in the houses of craftsmen itself. It can be operated by part time or full-time labour. These are engaged in the production of traditional goods like earthen pots, khadi goods, Cotton and coir mattress, handmade shoes etc.
2. Small – Scale industries:
Small – scale industries are mostly located in urban or semi – urban areas, where there is dense population. Mostly, semi – skilled labourers work in this type of industries. The initial investment of capital is to the tune of 3 crore. Simple machines run by power are used to produce goods according to the demand of people living in wider areas. These types of industries are operated in an industrial area or complex. Small-scale industries are maintained in an organised manner. They are engaged in producing sophisticated goods like electric fans, iron, bulbs and television, etc.
3. Large – Scale Industries:
Large – scale industries require different types of raw materials, means of power, huge market, skilled workers, high technology and much more capital. The origin of these industries took place after industrial revolution. In large scale industries, special attention is given to the quality of the product. These industries produce the best type of goods on large scale. Large – scale industries were intially setup in Great Britain, Western Europe, Russia, Japan, etc. Cement, cotton, iron-steel, petrochemical industries are some examples of large-scale industries.
Question 2.
Classify Industries on the basis of using raw-material.
Answer:
On the basis of using raw-material, industries are divided into 5 categories:
Classification of industries on the basis of using raw-materials:
1. Agro-based Industry:
This type of industry uses raw – materials obtained from agriculture. For example, textile (cotton, silk, jute), beverage (tea, coffee, cocoa), food processing, vegetable oils, rubber, etc.
2. Mineral – based industry:
In these industries, minerals are used as raw – materials. Some industries use metallic minerals with iron ore. Iron & steel industry, machine and tools, rail engines, agricultural implements are the main examples. Some industries use non – ferrous metallic minerals like aluminium or copper industry. Non-metallic minerals like granite, marble, sandstone, etc. are used as raw material in cement and building, road construction activities.
3. Chemical – based industries:
In these industries, chemical minerals are used. Mineral oil is used in petrochemical industry. The prime examples are petro-chemical industry, salt, sulpur and potash industry. Chemicals are used in agriculture, metallic, textiles, leather, paper, glass, ceramic, soap, food processing, industry etc.
4. Forest produce – based industries:
In these industries, products obtained from forests are used. Paper and pulp industry, match-stocks making industry, lac and gum industries are some of its examples. Wood, bamboo and grass are used in paper industry.
5. Animal – based industries:
Raw – materials obtained from animals are used in this type of industry. Some of this its examples are leather industry, meat industry, wool textile, etc.
Question 3.
Describe Silk Textile Industry.
Answer:
Silk clothes are an indicator of luxury of wealthy people since ancient time. So, this Industry is centeralised and limited. Silk industry developed first in China; from here, this industry spread in the whole world.
Major stages of Silk Industry:
Three major stages of silk textile industry:
Production of coops.
Wraping silk thread from coops.
Weaving of silk garments.
Natural silk is obtained from larva of an insect in the form of cocoon from the mulberry silk worm.
World’s major silk producing countries : Silk textile industry was developed as a cottage industry in China. Japan produces 50 per cent, China 28 per cent and India and Russia produce 6 per cent each. Japan, USA, France, China, Taiiwan, Germany, England and India are major silk textile countries of the world. Around 85 per cent of raw silk in the world is produced in the countries of eastern Asia. Major centres of silk producing countries are gievn below:
1. Japan:
It is the largest silk producing country of the world. Here Yamagata, Fukushima, Nigita, Kinkhi, Kyoto are major silk producing centres.
2. China:
Silk textile industry developed here since incient time. Silk route is a famous route from China, to Europe. Shanghai and Kwangchow are main silk production centres of China.
3. United States of America:
Pennsylvania, a state of USA is the leading state in silk production. Peterson city is famous for silk production. It is called the Silk City of America.
4. France:
In France, Liyons city is a major silk producing area situated in Rhone valley.
5. India Kolkata, Mysore, Bangalore and Chennai are major silk producing centres in India.