RBSE Solutions for Class 12 Political Science Chapter 14 India and Globalization

Rajasthan Board RBSE Class 12 Political Science Chapter 14 India and Globalization

RBSE Class 12 Political Science Chapter 14 Text book Questions

RBSE Class 12 Political Science Chapter 14 Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1.
Which statement is not true about globalization :
(a) This is market oriented concept.
(b) It started in 1960.
(c) Globalization and capitalism depend on one-another.
(d) This is a multidimensional phenomenon
Answer:
(b) It started in 1960.

Question 2.
Which statement is true about the effect of globalization :
(a) Different countries and about societies have had its negative impact.
(b) Globalization has had a similar effect on all countries.
(c) The effect of globalization is limited to political scope.
(d) Globalization brings cultural similarity compulsorily.
Answer:
(d) Globalization brings cultural similarity compulsorily.

Question 3.
Which statement is true about the reasons for globalization :
(a) The only reason for this is reciprocal dependence on the economic surface.
(b) It has movement of goods only.
(c) The reason for this is a special community.
(d) Globalization was bom in the united States of America.
Answer:
(a) The only reason for this is reciprocal dependence on the economic surface.

Question 4.
Which statement is true about globalization :
(a) Globalization is related to the movement of goods only.
(b) There is no conflict of values in globalization.
(c) The importance of services as a part of globalization is secondary.
(d) Globalization is related to global mutual engagement.
Answer:
(d) Globalization is related to global mutual engagement.

Question 5.
Which statement is false about globalization :
(a) The supporters of globalization argue that this leads to economic growth and prosperity.
(b) Supporters of globalization believe that it will bring cultural similarity.
(c) Critics of globalization argue that it will bring cultural similarity.
(d) Critics of globalization argue that it will increase economic inequality.
Answer:
(c) Critics of globalization argue that it will bring cultural similarity.

RBSE Class 12 Political Science Chapter 14 Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What does globalization mean?
Answer:
To integrate a nation’s economy with the world economy is called globalization.

Question 2.
What does ‘India and globalization’ mean?
Answer:
In India globalization was initiated in 1991 by the then Prime Minister P.V. Narsimha Rao. And the then finance Minister Manmohan Singh initiated the new economic policies (liberalization, privatisation and globalization).

Question 3.
What does privatisation mean?
Answer:
Privatisation is a system or process of transferring an enterprise or industry from the public sector to the private sector. Private sector is encouraged.

Question 4.
What are the benefits of globalization?
Answer:

1. Globalization has transformed the whole world into a global village.
2. Economic development has become fast due to privatization and liberalisation.

Question 5.
When and why was the economic reform started in India?
Answer:
Globalization was started in India in 1991 by adopting the new economic policy i.e. liberalization, privatisation and globalization.

Question 6.
What is the impact of the political aspect of globalization on the state?
Answer:
As a result of globalization, the concept of national state has been transformed. In the developed countries, the concept of the welfare state has been replaced by the least interfering state.

Question 7.
Which countries have the most impact of globalization?
Answer:
Globalization has affected developing countries like China, India and Brazil but the most benefitted countries by globalization are the developed countries.

Question 8.
Explain the economic aspect of globalization?
Answer:
Globalization has affected the world economy the most. The Western capitalist countries are trying to find a market for their products in Asia and Africa. Due to this, the economic flow has become fast in developing and developed countries.

Question 9.
What effect does globalization have on life expectancy?
Answer:
Due to globalization people’s life expectation has doubled and the infant mortality has decreased in the developing countries.

RBSE Class 12 Political Science Chapter 14 Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What do you mean by the cultural aspect of globalization?
Answer:
Globalization, along with economic and political aspects, has affected cultural aspect also widely. The regional cultures of the world have mixed effect of globalization on them. It can affect the traditional cultures of the world most adversely. Globalization causes cultural similarity which is harmful for regional or traditional cultures. In the name of cultural similarity, the western culture is being thrust upon other regional cultures. A positive side of globalization is that due to technological development and flow, there is strong possibility of emergence of a new global culture. Internet, social media, cable TV etc have played an important role in removing the barriers among cultures of various countries.

Question 2.
What are the major effects of globalization?
Answer:
Major effects of globalization-In various fields, major effect of globalization are as follows:

• Effect on Politics :
  The world politics is affected by globalization. The concept of national state has been transformed. In the developed countries, the concept of welfare state has been replaced by the least interfering state.
• Effect on Economy :
  Globalization has most affected the world economy. The western capitalist countries are trying to find a market for their products in Asia and Africa. Import policies have been liberalised in countries all over the world. Banking, online shopping, commercial transactions/exchange has become easy and fast.
• Effect of Culture :
  Globalization causes cultural similarity but it adversely affects traditional/regional cultures of countries. In the name of cultural similarity, the western culture is being thrust upon the other cultures.

Question 3.
Mention the positive effects of globalization.
Answer:
Though globalization has been criticised by some people but it certainly has its positive effects too. These positive effects can’t be denied. These are :

1. It has doubled life expectancy of people in developing countries and lessened the infant mortality rate.
2. Extension of adult suffrage.
3. Providing nutritious food for people.
4. Providing electricity, cars, radio, televisions, telephones, mobile phones etc. per person.
5. Providing clean water.
6. The unprecedented improvement in each sector.
7. Making life happier.
8. Reduction in child labour.

Question 4.
Why was globalization adopted in India? Explain any four reasons.
Answer:
Four reasons of adopting globalization in India are :

1. Economic development by making economic reforms i.e. liberalisation, privatisation.
2. To overcome financial crisis caused during the colonial rule.
3. After adopting globalization in India in 1991, it implemented policy of economic liberalization. In 1992 the rupee was made fully transferable. Import-export restrictions were removed. In January 1995 India became the member of the World Trade Organization. India liberalised all those restrictions which were causing hindrances in the process of development.
4. Many reforms were made in administrative field too.

Question 5.
What are the main bases of opposing globalization? Explain.
Answer:
The main bases of opposing globalization are as follows :

1. There is doubt that it may affect the economic autonomy.
2. The developed countries may establish their influence over semi-developed and developing countries.
3. It may affect the sovereignty and self-dependence of a nation.
4. It may prove to be detrimental for developing countries, like India.
5. It is doubted that India will become just a client country of the United States of America.
6. Globalization, liberalisation and privatisation make a way to many social, political, economic and cultural problems in developing countries.
7. Globalization encourages colonial mentality.

Question 6.
How has the national sovereignty been affected by globalization?
Answer:
Due to globalization, the concept of the national state has been transformed. Due to establishment of multinational companies across the world, autonomy of states is affected. Though in the world politics, national state is still important. It’s true that globalization is weakening the national states, but there is no possibility that the national states will be ended. The international organizations are established to solve the global problems. These organisations are based on the partnership and participation of the national states. And these organisations respect the fundamental principles of national sovereignty.

RBSE Class 12 Political Science Chapter 14 Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What is globalization? Review its political and economic impacts.
Answer:
Meaning of globalization :
Globalization is the process of integrating all the parts of the world. It has transformed the whole world into a global village. In other words, it is the international integration, the opening of the world trade, the development of advanced communication, internationalisation of financial markets, increasing the importance of multinational companies, the foreign tours of the population and to increase the mobility of commodity, capital, data and idea. It is the process that has integrated the diverse world into a single society.

Political impact of globalization :
Globalization has affected the entire world politics. The concept of national state has been transformed. In the developed countries, the concept of welfare state has been replaced by the least interfering state. Due to establishment of multinational companies across the world, autonomy of states is affected. Though in the world politics, national state is still important. It’s true that globalization is weakening the national states but still there is no possibility that the existence of national states will came to an end.

Economic impact of globalization :
Globalization has most affected the world economy. The western capitalist countries are trying to find a market for their products in Asia and Africa. Import policies have been liberalised in countries all over the world. Banking, online shopping, commercial transactions/exchange has become fast and easy. The International Monetary Fund and the World Trade Organization are playing an active role in determining economic policies in the world. These organizations are working in the influence of powerful capitalist countries.

Globalization has different effects on different countries. Some economies of some countries are increasing at a rapid pace while some countries have become financially backward. Establishment of justice is still in the crisis. Some people are condemning globalization as a new form of colonialism, while the supporters of globalization believe that it increases development and prosperity.

Question 2.
Write an essay on ‘India and globalization’.
Answer:
India and globalization :
In India globalization was initiated in 1991 by the then Prime Minister P.V. Narshimha Rao. And the then finance minister Manmohan Singh initiated the new economic policies (liberalization, privatisation, globalization).

New Economic Policy :
India adopted the new economic policy in 1991. With this new economic policy, India started the process of globalization and liberalization. In 1992 Indian rupee was made fully transferable. These steps were taken to reform the capital market and financial policy. Import-export policy has been amended. The restrictions have been removed. India signed an international agreement on Dec. 30, 1994. After signing the agreement, India started eliminating many rules and formalities which had been a hindrance in economic development for years. Many reforms were made in the system of governance. The complexity of the government system was reduced.

Impact of globalization on Indian Politics :
The following views have been expressed regarding globalization on Indian politics :

1. It is doubted that due to globalization, there has been a negative impact on economic development. India is still a developing country and it can’t take advantage of the positive trends of globalization on the path of development equal to developed countries. If Indian state wants the balanced, overall and socialist development then the national government must also increase its power. It demands centralization to implement similar policies to provide better competition and services.
2. The trend of globalization creates a crisis of legitimacy. On the one hand, the national state reduces its economic sovereignty but avoids diluting internal sovereignty. In order to increase internal sovereignty, the national state has to create the local democratic structure, so that the state’s legitimacy can go forward.
3. In front of Indian Federalism, another challenge of globalization is the rapid growth of civil society organizations. Some of these organisations create parallel and horizontal structures of democratic rule. It negatively affects the implementation of democracy.

Impact of globalization on social values :
There is positive impact of globalization on economic sector in India, but it has an adverse effect on the social sector. Our youths have given up Indian values and customs. Being influenced by western culture they have adopted selfishness in place of mutuality. They have adopted different negative tendencies of globalization. It has decreased their moral character. Loss of moral values has proved to be very fatal for a pluralistic country like India.

RBSE Class 12 Political Science Chapter 14 Other Important Questions

RBSE Class 12 Political Science Chapter 14 Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1.
The Soviet Union and its supporting countries were not the members of which of the following organization?
(a) World Bank
(b) International Monetary Fund
(c) The General Agreement of Tariff and Trade (GATT)
(d) All the above
Answer:
(d) All the above

Question 2.
In which year the Soviet Union was divided?
(a) 1990
(b) 1991
(c) 1992
(d) 1993
Answer:
(b) 1991

Question 3.
Which field has been affected the most by globalization?
(a) economic
(b) social
(c) political
(d) cultural
Answer:
(a) economic

RBSE Class 12 Political Science Chapter 14 Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
When was the world divided on the basis of ideology?
Answer:
After the IInd World War, the world was divided into two groups on the basis of ideology. These ideologies were capitalist ideology, and communist ideology.

Question 2.
In which groups the world was divided after the IInd World War?
Answer:
After the IInd World War, the world was divided into two groups. The first group of countries was supporting capitalism, privatisation and liberalization under the leadership of the United States. The second group of countries was the supporter of communist and socialist ideology under the leadership of the Soviet Union.

Question 3.
The communist countries were not the members of which international organizations?
Answer:
The communist countries were not the members of the World Bank, International Monetary Fund and the General Agreement of Tariff and Trade (GATT).

Question 4.
What was the difference between economic system of capitalist group and communist and socialist group?
Answer:
In the capitalist countries, private and market oriented financial system was exercised while in communist countries absolutism and the proprietary economy was exercised.

Question 5.
What is the meaning of cold war?
Answer:
Cold war was a state of geopolitical tension after the IInd world war between the United States of America and the Soviet Union. War didn’t take place between these countries but the possibility of War continued.

Question 6.
What do you understand by globalization?
Answer:
Globalization means free flow of goods, services, capital and ideas/information etc among world countries.

Question 7.
Mention any two causes of globalization.
Answer:

1. Technology
2. Change in people’s thinking.

Question 8.
Which inventions have brought communication revolution in the whole world?
Answer:
Invention of telegraph, telephone, internet and microchip etc have brought communication revolution in the whole world.

Question 9.
What is the impact of globalization on the economy of the developing countries?
Answer:
Globalization has positively affected the economy of the developing countries. These countries have become important for foreign investment.

Question 10.
What is the impact of globalization on cultural life?
Answer:
Globalization causes cultural similarity which is detrimental for traditional/local cultures. In the name of cultural similarity, western culture is being imposed on the other cultures.

Question 11.
Name any three international news services?
Answer:

1. CNN (The United States of America)
2. BBC (British)
3. Al jazeera (Doha, Qatar)

Question 12.
When was the World Trade Organization founded?
Answer:
It was founded on January 01, 1995.

Question 13.
What is the reason that the Chinese products are available in maximum countries?
Answer:
These days the Chinese products are available in most of the countries because in China labour cost is low. So these products win the markets of other countries.

Question 14.
What is the impact of globalization on social life of India?
Answer:
Globalization in India, has an adverse effect on social sector. Our youths have given up Indian values and customs. Being influenced by Western culture, they have adopted selfishness in place of mutuality. They have adopted different negative tendencies of globalization. It has decreased their moral character.

Question 15.
Mention any two achievements of globalization.
Answer:

1. The doubling of people’s life-expectation and lessening the infant mortality in developing countries.
2. Extensive spread of adult suffrage.

Question 16.
What is the impact of globalization on undeveloped and semi-developed countries?
Answer:
The advanced countries are the most benefitted countries by globalization. It has positive. effect on the developing countries too. The least benefitted countries are undeveloped and semi-developed.

RBSE Class 12 Political Science Chapter 14 Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What were the conditions that caused the division of the Soviet Union?
Answer:
America, the leader of capitalist group knew that where the elements of poverty, inequality, and capitalism existed, it is possible that ‘communism’ rapidly flourish. Hence they (America and its supporter countries) influenced their dominant international institutions-World Bank, the International monetary fund to start the efforts to remove poverty and inequality.

The communist group had neither such resources nor the powers to reduce poverty and inequality. Due to the unbridled competition for arms and mismanaged administration, economic inequality was increasing. During the same period, then president of the Soviet Union Mikhail Gorbachev called economic liberalization and globalization as the demand of the time for communism and the world. Consequently the Soviet Union was divided in many pieces in 1991.

Question 2.
What is cold war? What was its impact on international politics?
Answer:
Meaning of Cold War :
Cold war is a state of geopolitical tension between two or more Countries, but war doesn’t take place. After the IInd world war, the same tension occurred between the Untied States of America, and the Soviet Union. This is known as the cold war.

Impact of cold war on international politics :
Due to cold war, the world got divided into two groups. One group of countries was led by capitalist the United States of America, while the other group was led by communist and socialist the Soviet Union. The countries of both the groups had to compromise with their independent foreign policies. The countries which didn’t belong to any of the group, were pressurized by both the super powers to become the part of their groups. During the cold war, competition for arms also increased and it caused fear of atomic war too.

Question 3.
Mention the causes of globalization.
Answer:
Causes of globalization :
The main causes of globalization are as follows :
I. Technological development :
Technological development is the main reason of globalization. The inventions of telegraph, telephones, microchip and internet have brought communication revolution all over the world. It has made the flow of goods, services, ideas, capital etc easy and fast.

II. Global mutuality :
Now people, all over the world, are realising that they have global mutual connectivity with other people in different parts of the world. We understand the fact that whatever happens in any part of the world, it will affect the other parts also. Tsunami and other natural calamities are not confined to the concerned nations or places. Whenever any such calamity occurs in any country, its effect is felt in other countries or even in the whole world.

Question 4.
Describe the economic effects of globalization briefly?
Answer:
Economic effects of globalization :
The economic aspect of globalization is very significant because economy was the base of the concept of globalization. Due to economic globalization, economic flow has become rapid among the countries of the world. Due to globalization flow of goods, capital, ideas, people etc from one country to the other has became easy.

Services related to internet and computer have been extended.Due to globalization, various countries of the world have adopted similar economic policies. Though the supporters of globalization believe that it has benefitted most of the people of the world. Living standard of people has improved, happiness has increased. But the critics believe that globalization has benefitted only a small group of people.

Question 5.
“Globalization has different effects on different countries.” Illustrate the statement
Answer:
Globalization has different effects on different countries. Economy of some countries is increasing at a rapid pace. Some countries have became financially backward. The establishment of justice is still in crisis. It weakens the society due to removal of protection of the government for the weaker sections. They are facing losses instead of profit.

In the era of globalization, some intellectuals are talking of social security cover for the backward people. Some people are condemning globalization as a new form of colonialism, while the supporters of globalization believe that globalization increases development and prosperity. Due to openness, prosperity of common men increases. Every country gets benefits from globalization.

Question 6.
What is the impact of globalization on various cultures of various countries?
Answer:
Globalization has a mixed effect on various cultures of various countries of the world. This is the greatest threat to the world’s most classical cultures because globalization gives birth to homogeneity. Now, especially the western cultural values are being imposed on other zonalized cultures. It has an adverse effect on life-style. The positive side of globalization is that the development and flow of technology are going to make possible the rise of a new world culture (global culture).

Question 7.
When and how was the globalization initiated in India?
Answer:
In India, globalization was initiated by Prime Minister Narsimha Rao in July 1991. For this, several times he became the centre of criticism for America Oriented globalization. In the practice, the then finance minster Manmohan Singh initiated the new economic policies (liberalizatoin, privatisation and globalization.)

By adopting the new economic policy in 1991, India implemented the process of globalization and liberalization. In 1992 the rupee was made fully transferable. And steps were taken to reform the capital market and financial policy. Import-export policy has been amended. The restrictions have been removed. India signed an international agreement. On Dec. 30, 1994. On january 01, 1995, the World Trade Organization was established and India signed it and became its member. After signing the agreement India started eliminating many rules and formalities which had been a hindrance in economic growth for years. Many reforms were made in the system of governance and the complexity of the government system was reduced.

Question 8.
What has been the role of technology in the process of globalization?
Answer:
Technological development is one of the main and most important causes of globalization. New inventions of telegraph, telephones, microchip and started the communication revolution all over the world. Due to advanced technology the movement of ideas, capital, goods and people has increased in all parts of the world. Internet, social media, fax, satellite and cable TV have contributed significantly in removal of cultural barriers among different nations. In the present situation, internet and computer related services such as online banking, shopping and business transactions have become very simple and fast.

Question 9.
Mention the main consequences of globalization.
Answer:
Main consequences of globalization: Main consequences of globalization are as follows :

1. Flow of goods, capital, people, knowledge, information, arms, crime, fashion, beliefs etc has become very fast. From one country to the other, they reach fastly.
2. Globalization has begun a global system with a global culture. Globalization has influenced every part of life.
3. Globalization encourages mass movement and migration as a process, the most impact of which is seen on the elderly people.
4. Globalization has given birth to the refuge problem in Europe and other states.
5. Many critics believe that globalization is meant only for the interests of corporate sector and entrepreneurs. It has nothing to do for the poor. Free and market oriented economy of globalization has not fulfilled world’s expectations.

The institutions influenced by globalization, ignoring the interests of poor countries, workers and the natural environment, have fulfilled the intersects of corporate world only.

Question 10.
Mention the achievements of globalization.
Answer:
The achievements of globalization :
The main achievements of globalization are as follows :

1. It has doubled life expectancy of people in developing countries.
2. It has lessened the infant mortality rate in developing countries.
3. Extension of adult suffrage
4. Providing nutritious food for people
5. Decreasing child labour
6. Providing electricity, cars, radio, television, telephone, mobile phone etc per person.
7. Providing clean water.
8. The unprecedented improvement in each service sector.
9. Making life happier.

RBSE Class 12 Political Science Chapter 14 Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Explain the political impact of globalization.
Or
“Globalization has affected the world polities.” Explain.
Answer:
Political impact of globalization :
I. Globalization weakens state’s power in some fields: In some fields, globalization has weakened the power of the states. It has decreased the working capacity of the governments.

1. Due to globalization, the concept of a welfare state has become obsolete in the world. The concept of a national state has been transformed. In the developed countries, the concept of a welfare state has been replaced by the least interfering state. Now the states keep themselves confined to the main works only such as-to maintain law and order, and to provide security to its people.
2. Instead of a social welfare state, now market has. became the key determinant of economic and social priorities.
3. Due to globalization, all over the world, especially in developing countries, multinational companies have spread their network. Their role has become very important which has weakened the decision making capacity of governments.

II. No effect of globalization on state’s power in some fields :
It is important to know that state’s power is not always reduced by globalization. The states primacy as a political community has not yet been challenged, and the state is still prominent in this sense. Even today, the importance of national state has been remained in world politics. They are performing mandatory works like law and order, the national security. They are abandoning some works voluntarily.

III. Increase in the states power in some fields by globalization :
In some fields, the state’s power has increased also due to globalization. Due to globalization, they have an advanced technology, due to which they can have more information about their citizens. On the basis of these informations the states can perform more effectively. Hence due to technology, the states have now become more powerful.

Question 2.
What are the economic effects of globalization? How has it affected India economically?
Answer:
Economic effects of globalization :
The economic effects of globalization are as follows :

1. The highest impact of globalization lies on the world economy. Western capitalist countries are trying to find markets for their products in Asia and Africa.
2. The World Bank, the International Monetary Fund and the WTO are playing an active role in determining economic policies in the world. Now other groups, institutions such as multinational corporations are also playing their role with these international organizations. Earlier this was done mainly by international organizations.
3. Due to globalization the economic flow has become fast among the countries of the world. This flow can be both voluntary or imposed.
4. Countries have relaxed their import restrictions. For example, capitalist countries are investing in other countries where they can earn profit.
5. In comparison to the flow of good and capital, transmigration of people is still limited because some countries are not ready to relax their visa policy.
6. Due to globalization, different countries adopted trade and capital investment policies (economic policies) at the same time, but it has different effects in different countries.
7. The states have been reducing their responsibilities. It has encouraged privatization and liberalization. And in the field of social and economic justice, role of the states has decreased.
8. In economic field, interdependence among countries has increased.
9. Globalization has brought communication revolution in the world. Now the impact of national borders has come to an end. Internet and computer related services such as banking, online shopping, commercial transactions etc have become very easy.

Impact of globalization on India :
Globalization was started in India in July 1991 by the then Prime Minister, P.V. Narsimha Rao. India adopted new economic policy in 1991 and became the part of globalization and liberalization.

In 1992, the Rupee was made fully transferable, and steps were taken to reform the capital market and financial policy. Import-export policy has been amended. The restrictions have been removed. India signed an international agreement on Dec. 30, 1994. On January 01, 1995 World Trade Organization was established, India signed it and became its member. After signing the agreement India started eliminating many rules and formalities which had been a hindrance in the economic growth for years.

Globalization has provided many options to Indian products and services. And Indian customers get products of high quality at low price. Customers get goods and services of international standard. Due to globalization foreign investments in India have increased which have increased production and employment opportunities in India.

RBSE Solutions for Class 12 Political Science