Rajasthan Board RBSE Class 12 Political Science Chapter 16 Social, Economic Justice and Women Reservation
RBSE Class 12 Political Science Chapter 16 Text book Questions
RBSE Class 12 Political Science Chapter 16 Multiple Choice Questions
Question 1.
In which part of the Constitution, provision for social and economic justice has been made?
(a) Section 1
(b) Section 2
(c) Section 3
(d) Section 4
Answer:
(d) Section 4
Question 2.
Which of the following statements does not match with the concept of social justice?
(a) It emphasizes on freedom, equality and justice.
(b) It looks after human right.
(c) It encourages caste discrimination.
(d) It is based on the concept of equality.
Answer:
(c) It encourages caste discrimination.
Question 3.
Which provision has been made in the constitution for the up liftment of traditionally exploited and marginalised people?
(a) Provision of reservation
(b) Housing for all
(c) Panchayati Raj System
(d) None of these
Answer:
(a) Provision of reservation
Question 4.
Which article in the constitution provides the equality of opportunities?
(a) Article 15
(b) Article 16
(c) Article 20
(d) Article 32
Answer:
(b) Article 16
Question 5.
From which date was the Free and Compulsory Education Act effective?
(a) 26 January 1950
(b) 4 August 2009
(c) 1 April 2010
(d) 15 April 2015
Answer:
(c) 1 April 2010
Question 6.
“There is no importance of democracy to the person who is starving.” Who said this?
(a) Beesank
(b) Pt. Nehru
(c) Lohia
(d) Amartya Sen
Answer:
(b) Pt. Nehru
Question 7.
Which constitutional Amendment bill regarding Women Reservation is pending in the parliament?
(a) 108th
(b) 118th
(c) 43rd
(d) 74th
Answer:
(a) 108th
RBSE Class 12 Political Science Chapter 16 Very Short Answer Type Questions
Question 1.
Mention the names of two social reformers advocating social justice.
Answer:
There are many social reformers who struggled for social justice. Two of them are : Mahatma Buddha, and Mahatma Gandhi.
Question 2.
What are the main reasons of war or rebellion?
Answer:
The states which lack social justice are more prone to civil war and rebellion.
Question 3.
What were the four Varnas of the Indian social system?
Answer:
The four Vamas of the Indian social system were: Brahmin, Kshatriya, Vaishya and Shudra.
Question 4.
According to economic states, how many classes are there in the society ? Mention the names.
Answer:
According to economic states, there are two classes in the society: the rich (the exploiter), and the poor (the exploited).
Question 5.
Who was the first woman president of India?
Answer:
Smt. Pratibha Patil was the first woman president of India. She served from 2007 to 2012.
Question 6.
What percentage of posts in the Panchayati Raj Institutions is reserved for women?
Answer:
33% of posts in the Pachayati Raj Institutions is reserved for women.
RBSE Class 12 Political Science Chapter 16 Short Answer Type Questions
Question 1.
Write the meaning/concept of social justice.
Answer:
Social justice means establishing equality, unity and human rights among all members of society without discrimination. No person should face discrimination on the basis of social, religious or cultural prejudices. The provision of the proper development of all the members of a society according to their capabilities can be called social justice.
Question 2.
Why has the provisions of reservation in the constitution been made on the basis of the caste system?
Answer:
Social justice means establishing equality, unity, and human rights among all the members of society without discrimination. The traditional social outlook of Indian society was descriminatory. Casteism and communalism have been great obstacles in the way of establishing social justice in India. The struggle for social justice in the Indian society continued for centuries. From Mahatma Buddha, Mahatma Gandhi to Baba Ramdev, and many more social reforemers have put their efforts in establishing social justice in India.
After independence, making proper provisions for social justice in the constitutions was one of the priorities for our constintution framers. It was the opinion of the constitution makers that merely including the right to equality will not improve the plight of the downtroddens who were exploited for centuries. Therefore for their betterment and protection of their interests scheduled castes and scheduled tribes have been given reservation in the government jobs and in the legislature too.
Question 3.
What are the main reasons for Women Reservation Bill not being passed in the parliament?
Answer:
On 4th June 2009, in the first session of the Parliament during a joint sitting of both the houses, the then president, Mrs Partibha Patil announced that the government shall take step within 100 days with regard to passing a bill very soon for the reservation of women in the Parliament and the state legislatures. Due to some vested interests in 2010, the Women Reservation Bill could not be passed in the Parliament.
To pass this bill, it has to be passed by both the Lok Sabha and the Rajya Sabha along with being passed by more than fifty percent of the state legislatures. Then only it can be sent to the President for final recommendation. But unfortunately, due to vested interests of different political parties, political stubborness and demand for caste reservation in this bill and the likes, it is still pending.
RBSE Class 12 Political Science Chapter 16 Long Answer Type Questions
Question 1.
“Establishment of the concept of social justice is possible only in the social structure based on equality.” Do you agree with this statement ? Explain the whole concept.
Answer:
The concept of social justice is based on the urge of treating all the people equally. No person should face discrimination on the basis of the social, religious or cultural prejudices. Discrimination is a kind of injustice. If any discrimination is done with any section of society, how can social justice be established in that society ? Social justice means implementation of rules and laws on the basis of the principle of social justice. Social justice is a provision which protects the freedom, equality and rights of all the people living in a society.
The traditional outlook of Indian society was discriminatory. Casteism and communalism have been great obstacles in the way of establishing social justice in India. It was due to lack of social justice that unity and integrity of our country could not remain intact. The struggle for social justice in the Indian society is continuous for centuries. Many social reformers emphasized on the establishing social justice. The states which lack social justice are more prone to civil war and rebellion. All good rulers have given recognition to social justice in their policies. The states and administrators who worked against social justice, have always had slippery hold on the power.
Our society was previously based on Varna System : Brahmin, Kshatriya, Vaishya, and Shudra. Later on this system having been polluted, changed into caste system. Conservatism in the caste system led to inequality, separatism, regionalism, and upper and lower caste thinking in the society which benefitted foreigners. Foreign invaders and thereafter Britishers were able to enslave India for a long time by following the policy of divide and rule.
After independence, making proper provisions for social justice in the constitution was one of the priorities for our constitution framers. It was the opinion of the constitution framers that merely including the right of equality will not improve the plight of the downtroddens who were exploited for centuries. Therefore, for their betterment and protection of their interests, scheduled castes and scheduled tribes have been given reservation in the government jobs and in the legislatures too.
Question 2.
Evaluate the provisions of welfare state provided in the Indian constitution favouring the establishment of social justice.
Answer:
In Indian constitution many provisions have been made to put the concept of a welfare state into practice. These provisions favour the establishment of social justice, some of these provisions are as follow.
Article 16 :
According to article 16 all the citizens shall get equal opportunities to be employed in the jobs available in the state.
Article 19(1)6 :
This article makes the provision that all the citizen shall have the right to carry out any occupation, livelihood or business.
Article 39 :
This article has the most remarkable provisions where it has been decided that the state shall carry out its policy in such a manner to ensure that:
- All the citizens whether male or female have full right to get enough means of earning a living.
- The physical wealth and its ownership is distributed in such a manner that collective interest of the community is served best.
- Economy is managed in such a way that the wealth, resources and means of production are not centralized.
- Man and woman both get the same salary for same work.
- The health and strength of man and woman working as labour and tenderness of the children are not misused and due to the economic need and compulsion, they are not forced to do a job that is not according to their age and strength.
Section 4 (Article 36-51) :
Section 4 (from article 36 to 51) is to ensure a new social and economic order which is governed by justice.
Article 39 :
It makes provision for equal justice and free legal aid for the poor.
Article 39 (a) and 39 (b) :
These are also related to economic justice.
Jamindari system and Privy Purse system of Indian kings were abolished with a view to establishing economic justice.
Apart from the constitutional provisions, different five year plans of India also have been of great efforts to establish economic justice. Though the above mentioned provisions have been made for establishing economic and social justice in India but still there is great economic disparity in India. Lot more efforts are needed in this direction.
Question 3.
Write an essay on the present status and future of woman reservation.
Answer:
Indian society has been patriarchal. Thus is the reason that traditionally women have been considered inferior to men. Due to this concept only development of women in India could not have taken place properly. Last 70 years, undoubtedly have seen progress in the field of women education but Indian women have yet not been able to get sufficient opportunities of employment, doing business in the industries and working in the field of politics. Unless and until the social economic and political status of Indian women is equal to that of men, neither the real progress of country is possible nor the progress of women.
Therefore it is mandatory that they should be given all facilities in all the fields so that they are equal to men in power and capabilities. At present, government posts are reserved for women in many states. Now Indian Army, Air Force and Indian Navy are appointing them on short service commission. Percentage of employment of women in other government jobs is increasing but the share of women employment in all the fields in comparison to men is still very less.
Women Reservation in Panchayati Raj Institutions :
By 73rd and 74th constitutional amendment, 1/3 posts of the Panchayati Raj Institutions of all the categories have been reserved for women so that there is proper development of women and they take active part in local self government. By this provision, the share of active participation of ladies in Panchayati Raj Institutions has remarkably increased. This has not only led to the social and political empowerment of women but also they have played an active role in the development works through Panchayati Raj Institutions. Due to reservation, the share of women participation in Panchayati Raj Institutions has crossed 42.3% record now.
The Demand of Reservation in the Rajya Sabha and Lok Sabha :
This male dominated mind-set has blocked all the channels of women development. There is a need of reservation for the purpose of removing all the social obstacles also and they are able to give their full contribution to politics and society to ensure their social, political and economic rights. Increasing the participation of women by reservation in Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha will be a positive step for Indian democracy.
It will strengthen the process of democratisation of India. For this, demand has been raised from time to time, and efforts have also been made for the same. For example, Women Reservation Bill was presented in 1996,1998, 1999,2002, 2003, 2008, 2010, 2016, but unfortunately due to vested interests of different political parties, political stubbomess and demand for caste reservation in this bill and the likes, it is still pending.
RBSE Class 12 Political Science Chapter 16 Other Important Questions
RBSE Class 12 Political Science Chapter 16 Multiple Choice Questions
Question 1.
Which of the following is mentioned in the Preamble of Indian Constitution?
(a) Social justice
(b) Political justice
(c) Economic justice
(d) all
Answer:
(d) all
Question 2.
Which of the following is the means to attain social justice?
(a) Right to equality
(b) Right to freedom
(c) Religious right
(d) Right to property
Answer:
(a) Right to equality
Question 3.
In which part of the constitution fundamental rights are mentioned?
(a) Part 1
(b) Part 2
(c) Part 3
(d) Part 4
Answer:
(c) Part 3
Question 4.
In Which article of Indian constitution all people are considered equal before the law?
(a) Article 14
(b) Article 15
(c) Article 16
(d) Article 17
Answer:
(a) Article 14
Question 5.
Under which article of Indian constitution has been banned legally?
(a) Article 16
(b) Article 17
(c) Article 15
(d) Article 18
Answer:
(b) Article 17
Question 6.
Who of the following is the main social reformer?
(a) Mahatma gandhi
(b) Mahali swami
(c) Kabir
(d) All
Answer:
(d) All
RBSE Class 12 Political Science Chapter 16 Very Short Answer Type Questions
Question 1.
In which part of Indian constitution provision for social and economic justice is made?
Answer:
Under part 4 of Indian constitution provision for social and economic justice is made.
Question 2.
What is the meaning of social justice?
Answer:
Social justice means establishing equality, unity and human rights among all the members of society without discrimination.
Question 3.
Name any two framers of Indian constitution.
Answer:
Dr. Bhimrao Ambedkar and Dr. Rajendra Prasad.
Question 4.
What provisions have been made by the framers of constitution to provide equal status to scheduled castes and scheduled tribes?
Answer:
The framers of Indian constitution have made provision of reservation in government jobs and in the legislation too to provided equal status to scheduled castes and scheduled tribes.
Question 5.
Under which part of Indian constitution, Fundamental Rights are mentioned?
Answer:
Under part 3 of Indian constitution Fundamental Right are mentioned.
Question 6.
What provision has been made in Article 15 of Indian constitution?
Answer:
In article 15 of Indian constitution, any sort of discrimination on the basis of religion, ethnicity, caste, race, or place of birth has been prohibited.
Question 7.
Which article of Indian constitution bans the employment of children (Child labour) in the factories or any Such organisation?
Answer:
Article 24 of Indian constitution bans the employment of children (Child labour) in the factories or any such organisation.
Question 8.
When was 86th amendment of the constitution implemented?
Answer:
86th constitutional amendment was implemented on 1 April 2010.
Question 9.
What has been the concept of Marxist political thinkers regarding the economic condition of society?
Answer:
Analysing history on the principle of economic materialism, marxist political thinkers have written: on the basis of economic status, two sections are found in every age : the exploiter (the rich), and the exploited (the poor).
Question 10.
What has been the impact of continuously increasing economic disparity in India?
Answer:
It is because of increasing economic disparity that tendencies like naxal movement, corruption, criminalisation of politics, smuggling, and terrorism have developed in India. These are big challenges to the unity and integrity of India.
Question 11.
Whose statement is this, “Nobody can attain true freedom without economic security and economic freedom.”
Answer:
This statement is of American President Franklin Roosevelt.
Question 12.
Which article of Indian constitution are related to the directive principles of state policy?
Answer:
Part 4 (article from 36 to 51) is related to the directive principles of state policy.
Question 13.
What was the reason of abolishing Jamindari system and Privy Purse system of Indian kings?
Answer:
Its reason was to establish economic justice in India.
Question 14.
What is Digital Divide?
Answer:
The internet and technology has not reached the rural areas to the expected level. This divide the country discriminating between the villages and the cities. This discrimination or division is known as Digital Divide.
Question 15.
By Which constitutional amendments, women have been given reservation in the Panchayati Raj Institutions?
Answer:
By 73rd and 74th amendments of the constitution of India, 1/3 posts in the panchayati Raj Institutions have been reserved for women.
RBSE Class 12 Political Science Chapter 16 Short Answer Type Questions
Question 1.
Which states usually experience slippery hold (unstability) on the power?
Answer:
Due to lack of social justice unity and integrity of any country can not remain intact. Due to casteism, separatism, regionalism and other social disparities, foreign invadaers and thereafter Britishers were able to enslave India for a long time by following the policy of divide and rule. The states which lack social justice, usually experience unstability of power. In other words such states are more prone to civil war and rebellion. All good rulers have given recognition to social justice in their policies. The states and administrators who worked against social justice have always had slippery hold (unstability) on the power.
Question 2.
What provisions have been made in Indian constitution for establishing social justice?
Answer:
Provisions in Indian Constitution for Social Justice:
To establish social justice, it is necessary to establish society based on equality. Due to lack of social justice, development of citizens and unity, and integrity of a nation is impossible, social justice is essential to put democracy in practice. This was the reason that making proper ‘ provisions for social justice in the constitution was one of the priorities for our constitution makers. They made the following provisions.
- In the preamble of constitution of India, social, economic and political justice is mentioned.
- Right to equality is included in fundamental rights.
- For betterment and protection of the interests of scheduled castes and scheduled trives reservation has been given to them in the government jobs and in the legislature too.
- In section 4, article 38 of the constitution it is mentioned that “The state shall strive to promote the welfare of the people by securing and protecting as it may, a social order in which social, economic, and political, justices inspire all the institutions of the national life.”
The constitution makers comprehended it very well that for establishment of true democracy, justice is also necessary along with equality.
Question 3.
What is the practical aspect of social justice in India?
Answer:
Practical Aspect of Social Justice in India :
Though various provisions of establishment of social justice have been made in Indian constitution but a section of society is still deprived of facilities. Provisions have been made in the constitution for reservation of downtrodden people but only limited people are able to take benefit of it. Its reason is that during last 70 years, from socially backward classes there has emerged an elite group which has, by taking the advantage of reservation (both in government jobs and politics) again and again, ensured a separate place of itself within the backward classes.
Members of the same families have again and again taken advantage of it so other people are deprived of this benefit. Only a few educated and capable people from villages have been able to take this advantage. The deprived scheduled tribes which are cut off from the society and the main stream of the nation have been able to take only partial advantage form reservation. The party politics of India has crippled the social justice by encouraging vote bank politics. Even after the enforcement of the law, the facilities being given to the deprived have became an act of mercy and sympathy rather than a right to equality. This is very unfortunate.
Question 4.
“Economic justice means all the people of a society are able to get at least the minimum necessities of life”. Explain.
Or
Explain the meaning of economic justice.
Answer:
Money and property have always had an important place in the society. Money and property play an important role in getting power and a higher place in the society. Everybody tries to increase his wealth and property. If there is no fair distribution of the resources of economic power (wealth and property) in a society, it is known as economic injustice or economic inequality. Fair distribution of economic resources and wealth in every society is known as economic justice so that everybody is able to live respectful life.
Economic justice means all the people of a society are able to get atleast the minimum necessities of life. Pandit Nehru said, “A starving person does not know the meaning and importance of democracy.” Dr Radha Krishnan too said, “Those who are poverty stricken and are wandering here and there in search of manual work and those who do not get any manual work and axe starving, cannot be proud of the constitution and its law.”
Question 5.
What has been said in the constitution of India about economic justice?
Or
What provisions have been made in the constitution to make the aspect of economic justice practically successful?
Answer:
Economic Justice and Indian Constitution :
Many provisions have been made in the constitution to realise the ideal of economic justice and make it practically successful. According to Article 16, all the citizen shall get equal opportunities to be employed in the jobs lying vacant within the state. The Article 19 (1) 6 makes the provision that all the citizens shall have the right to carry principles of state policy too have such provisions so that all the citizens shall have the right to carry out any occupation, livelihood or business. Article 39 has most remarkable provisions where it has been decided that the state shall carry out its policy in such a way to ensure that:
- All the citizens whether male or female have full right to get enough means of earning a living.
- Man and woman both get the same salary for the same work.
Question 6.
What provisions have been made in India to establish economic justice?
Answer:
Provisions made in India for establishment of Economic Justice :
The condition of the poor has certainly been improved since the independence of India but the disparity between the poor and the rich is continuously increasing. For establishment of economic justice, the government of India has made the following provisions:
- To remove economic disparity.
- To ban the right of unlimited property.
- To ensure economic security to its citizens by providing employment to every citizen.
- Proper distribution of wealth.
- Planning of new plans for the welfare of the poor.
- Establishing effective tax system and improvement in the tax system.
- To make provision for reservation on the basis of income rather than caste basis.
Question 7.
Write a short note on women reservation system in Panchayati Raj Institution?
Answer:
Women Reservation in Panchayati Raj Institutions :
By 73rd and 74th constitutional amendment, 1/3 posts of the Pnachayati Raj Institutions of all the categories, have been reserved for the women so that there is proper development of women and they take active part in local self government. By this provision, the share of active participation of ladies in the Panchayati Raj Institutions has remarkably increased. This has not only led to the social and political empowerment of women but also they have played an active role in the development works through Panchayati Raj Institutions. A majority of elected women representatives have played active part in the activities of Gram Sabha and Panchayat. Due to reservation, the share of women participation in Panchayati Raj Institutions has crossed 42.3% record now.
RBSE Class 12 Political Science Chapter 16 Long Answer Type Question
Question 1.
What is the ground reality of economic justice in India?
Answer:
Ground Realities of Economic Justice in India :
In India continuous efforts have been made to abolish economic disparity and to establish economic justice. Many provisions have been made in the constitution to make the concept of economic justice practically successful. In this regard article 39 is the most important step. Directive Principles of state policy also ensure economic justice. Jamindari system and Privy Purse System of Indian kings were also abolished with a view to establishing economic justice.
Growth Rate :
As a result of all these efforts, provisions, and plans, today India is a country having the highest growth rate. Financial year 2015-16 had a growth rate of 7% which is more than that of china that was 6.5%.
Demonetisation :
When the government of any country put a legal ban on any old currency, this is known as demonetisation. In India the last demonetisation was done on 8 November 2016. The government of India announced demonetisation of ₹ 500 and ₹ 1000 banknotes. The government claimed that the action would curtail black marketing, smuggling, and check on counterfeit cash to fund other illegal activities, and terrorism etc. After this strict action of demonetisation, growth rate of India is expected 8-9% in the coming years.
In spite of the increasing growth rate, the problems caused by the economic disparity still exist. Economic justice can be established in the true sense only when the benefits of high growth reach each section of the society equally. Ground reality is that in spite of the high growth rate, the rich are getting richer and the poor are getting poorer.
Digital Divide :
The country has made satisfactory development, but its dividends are confined to urben belt. Around 65% of the country’s population live in rural area, where in the people still lack digital facilities. The benefit of technology and internet is still beyond the reach of rural people. The factual scene of disparity is known as digital divide.
Make in India :
The plans being drawn in “Make in India” shall bring changes and will bring urban and rural belts on the same level. Even the disease of corruption shall be overcome.
Start-up India :
As a result of start up India, there is a great deal of possibility of radical changes by E-commerce and the result of which shall indirectly reach the poor.