Rajasthan Board RBSE Class 12 Political Science Chapter 6 Political Culture
RBSE Class 12 Political Science Chapter 6 Text book Questions
RBSE Class 12 Political Science Chapter 6 Multiple Choice Questions
Question 1.
Main reason for the difference in political system of India and Pakistan is :
(a) Geographical Situation
(b) Political Culture
(c) Political Development
(d) Political Modernisation
Answer:
(b) Political Culture
Question 2.
The name of Allan Ball’s book based on political culture is :
(a) Modem Politics and Government
(b) Indian Politics and Government
(c) A Glimpse of World Politics
(d) Indian Freedom
Answer:
(a) Modem Politics and Government
Question 3.
Which of the following is not a determinant of political culture?
(a) History
(b) Socio-economic Atmosphere
(c) Geographical Conditions
(d) People’s costumes
Answer:
(d) People’s costumes
RBSE Class 12 Political Science Chapter 6 Very Short Answer Type Questions
Question 1.
What are the two major types of political culture?
Answer:
Two major types of political culture are :
- Elite culture
- Common people’s culture or general culture.
Question 2.
Who are the main thinkers of political culture?
Answer:
Main thinkers of political culture are : Sydney Barbara, Amond and Powell, Allan Ball, Lousian Pie, etc.
Question 3.
Write the definition of political culture as given by Amond and Powell.
Answer:
According to Amond and Powell, “Political culture is a style of personal attitudes of members of a political system regarding politics.”
RBSE Class 12 Political Science Chapter 6 Short Answer Type Questions
Question 1.
What is political culture?
Answer:
Meaning of Political Culture :
Political culture is a sociological concept. It is formed by the combination of attitudes, faiths, reactions and expectations of members of a political system. Political culture is a part of that general culture in which the members of a society communicate their values, emotional tendencies, faiths and sentiments. Political culture is the political, administrative part of general culture.
According to Sydney Barbara :
“Political culture includes experienced faiths, expressive symbols and values that define the situation or condition in which a political process gets completed.”
According to Allen Ball :
“Political culture is built by a group of those attitudes, faiths and values of the society which are related to political system and political matters.
Question 2.
Mention the determinants of political culture.
Or
What are the determinants of political culture?
Answer:
Determinants of Political Culture :
Following are the major determinants of Political Culture :
- History :
The political culture of a country is an outcome of historical traditions and values of that country. E.g. the political culture of India is peace loving and democratic, whereas the political culture of Pakistan and Libya is offensive and anti-democratic. - Religious Faiths :
Religion plays an important role in building the political culture. It also plays an important role in deciding the nature of political system and institutes of society. - Geographical Conditions :
The geographical situation, population and resources of a country also affect the political culture of a country. - Socio-economic Atmosphere :
Social atmosphere and economic progress determine the political culture of a country. The political culture of developing countries is different from that of developed countries. - Ideologies :
Ideologies like Liberalism, Maxism, Capitalism, etc. also affect the nature of political culture.
Besides above factors, scientific and technical progress, media and press, education, etc are also responsible for determining the political culture of a country.
Question 3.
Explain the elite culture.
Answer:
Elite Culture :
Elite section is that section of society which inspite of being in minority plays an important role in social and political matters. That section has complete power or authority over social and political matters. These elite people are able to reach the peak positions of society and nation. Elite culture is the culture of these elite people. Its main characteristics are the following :
- The way of living and thinking of elite people is more reliable.
- Elite culture has homogeniety.
- There is basic difference between the common people’s culture and elite culture.
- Elite culture is completely different from those who are considered limited co-partners in politics.
RBSE Class 12 Political Science Chapter 6 Long Answer Type Question
Question 1.
Defining the political culture, explain the culture prevalent at present
Answer:
Definition of Political Culture :
The part of general culture which is related to politics and administration is called political culture. Political culture is the result of political behaviour of humans. Because human behaviour is not static but dynamic hence political behaviour as well as political culture is also dynamic.
Defining political culture, Amond and Powell write :
“Political culture is the style of attitudes of members of a political system towards politics.”
According to Allan Ball :
“Political culture is built by a group of those attitudes, faiths and values of the society which are related to political system and political matters.”
According to Lousian Pie :
“Political culture is related to the attitudes, faiths and emotions which provide extensiveness and meaningfulness to the political process and provide such inherent thoughts and rules that control the political behaviour.”
According to Sydney Barbara :
“Political culture includes experienced faiths, expressive symbols and values that define the situation or condition in which political activity gets completed.”
Types of Political Cultures Prevailing at Present :
According to the political systems present in various countries of the world, Amond has classified political culture in the following four categories :
- Anglo-American Political Culture / System :
It is harmonized, liberal and value-based political culture prevailing in Britain and America. - Continental European Political Culture / System :
It is liberal and democratic and born from the combination of several cultures after a violent struggle. It is prevelent in France, Germany, etc. - Non-Western or Pre-Industrial development is still in primary stage. India also comes under this category.
- Totalitarian or Non-democratic Political Culture / System :
This kind of political culture is prevalent in those countries which are either under communist rule like China or under dictatorship like North Korea.
RBSE Class 12 Political Science Chapter 6 Other Important Questions
RBSE Class 12 Political Science Chapter 6 Multiple Choice Questions
Question 1.
“Political culture is the orientation towards task”. Who considers it?
(a) David Easton
(b) Spiro
(c) Amond
(d) Lousian Pie
Answer:
(c) Amond
Question 2.
The first scholar to propound the concept of political culture regarding developing countries is :
(a) Amond and Powell
(b) Spiro
(c) David Easton
(d) Sydney Barbara
Answer:
(a) Amond and Powell
Question 3.
Amond and Powell consider the following as regulators of political culture :
(a) Conscious orientation
(b) Emotional orientation
(c) Evaluative orientation
(d) All of these
Answer:
(d) All of these
Question 4.
Which of the following country obtained its political culture as a result of revolution ?
(a) India
(b) Libya
(c) Britain
(d) France
Answer:
(d) France
Question 5.
The developing country having political culture different from developed countries is:
(a) Japan
(b) England
(c) USA
(d) India
Answer:
(d) India
Question 6.
Which one among the following political systems has no chances of opposition and objections?
(a) Liberal democratic system
(b) East-industrial political system
(c) Totalitarian system
(d) All of these
Answer:
(c) Totalitarian system
Question 7.
Which among the following scholars has classified political culture on the basis of role of army in government ?
(a) Finer
(b) Wiseman
(c) Amond and Powell
(d) Sydney-Barbara
Answer:
(a) Finer
Question 8.
How many kinds of political cultures have been described by Amond?
(a) 5-types
(b) 3-types
(c) 4-types
(d) 2-types
Answer:
(c) 4-types
RBSE Class 12 Political Science Chapter 6 Very Short Answer Type Questions
Question 1.
Political culture is dynamic. How?
Answer:
Political culture is the result of political behaviour of humans. Since political behaviour is dynamic, hence political culture is also dynamic. It is not static.
Question 2.
Write the name of the book written by Allen Ball.
Answer:
“Modem Politics and Government.”
Question 3.
Write the definition of Political culture given by Lousian Re.
Answer:
According to Lousian Re, “ Political culture is related with group of attitudes, faiths and emotions which provide extensiveness and meaningfulness to the political process and provide such inherent thoughts and rules that control the political behaviour.”
Question 4.
What is political culture, according to Amond and Powell?
Answer:
Awareness towards political objective and execution of task is political culture, according to Amond and Powell.
Question 5.
What are the regulators of political culture according to Amond and Powell?
Answer:
Amond and Powell considers the following three as regulators of political culture :
- Conscious orientation.
- Emotional orientation.
- Evaluative orientation.
Question 6.
Write any two determinants of political culture.
Answer:
- History
- Religious faith
Question 7.
Political culture of which country is the result of its political continuity?
Answer:
England.
Question 8.
What is the role of religion in determining the political culture?
Answer:
Religion plays an important role in determination or building of political culture. Religion decides the nature of political system and institutes.
Question 9.
Which geographical elements play an important role in building political culture ?
Answer:
Situation and extension of a country, available natural resources and population are some important geographical elements (factors) which play an important role in building political culture of that country.
Question 10.
Give any two characteristics of political culture.
Answer:
Characteristics of political culture are :
- Tendency to establish coordination between modem and ancient values.
- Devotion towards moral values.
Question 11.
Which factors contribute in the identification of nature of political culture?
Answer:
Traditions of society, social institutes, expectations of citizens and their common sense, nature of leaders and their activities are some of the important factors which help in identifying the nature of political culture of a country.
Question 12.
What do you understand by the dynamic nature of political culture?
Answer:
The life values of a person and society change according to geographical and social conditions and social needs. In the same manner, the political culture changes and it is called dynamic nature of political culture.
Question 13.
Who wrote the most important book on relations between political culture and democracy and when did they write it?
Answer:
Gabriel Amond and Sydney Barbara, in 1963, wrote the book “The Civic Culture- Political Attitude and Democracy in Five Nations”.
Question 14.
Which are those five nations which were analysed by Amond and Sydney regarding the effect of political culture on the stability and unstability of their democracy?
Answer:
Britain, Germany, Italy, USA and Mexico.
Question 15.
Write any two kinds of political culture according to Amond.
Answer:
- Anglo-American political system / culture.
- Totalitarian political system / culture.
Question 16.
Which countries has Amond included in the category of Pre-Industrial Political system?
Answer:
Countries of Asia and Africa, which were once the colonies of Britain or other European countries, are included.
Question 17.
In how many categories has Finer divided the Political cultures?
Answer:
Finer has classified political cultures of the world into following four categories :
- Mature
- Developed
- Low
- Lowest level.
Question 18.
According to Amond, what is the difference between political socialization and political culture?
Answer:
According to Amond, political socialization is that process by which the political culture is established and required changes are made in it (political culture).
Question 19.
From which point of view is political culture the most important?
Answer:
Political culture has paramount importance for the comparative study of political institutions.
Question 20.
Write the relation between general culture and political culture.
Answer:
General culture is developed from general lifestyle and general attitudes of the public. While political culture is the part of general culture and it develops from the political and administrative attitude of the public.
RBSE Class 12 Political Science Chapter 6 Short Answer Type Questions
Question 1.
“History is a determinant of political culture”. Explain this statement with example.
Answer:
The formation and development of political culture of any political system of a country occurs through its historical traditions and prevailing moral values. For example, the political culture of India is peace-having, constitutional and democratic because India has been a peace-loving country since ages.
While the political cultures of Pakistan, Iraq and Libya are violent and non-democratic because the history of public living in these countries has been offensive. The political culture of France is the result of revolution while the political culture of Britain is the result of political continuity there.
Question 2.
How do social and economic atmospheres determine the nature of political culture?
Answer:
Social and economic atmospheres determine the nature of political culture. These include diversity in religion, caste and social status ; industrialization and traditional customs. The effect of religious faith can be clearly observed in the political culture of Islamic countries. Economy is also an important factor that deeply affects political culture. The political culture of developed countries (rich countries) is different from that developing countries. It is because the attitudes and expectations of the people of these two different kinds of countries are different.
Question 3.
Liberal democracy in Britain and USA remained safe even after two world wars. Why?
Answer:
Political culture and democracy are closely related. The values, faiths and maturity of public deeply affect the democratic administrative system. It is culture that passes on the manners, values and knowledge from one generation to the next in society. Political thinkers have studied the stability and unstability of politics of their countries through political culture approach. They reached the conclusion that there is very close relation between political culture and democracy. The political culture of Britain and United States of America was quite mature and therefore, the liberal democracy in these two countries remained safe even after two world wars.
Question 4.
Explain the relations between political culture and political socialization.
Answer:
Amond and Sydney Barbara have described the relations between political cultures and political socialization in detail. According to them, “Political socialization is that process through which political culture is established in society and necessary changes are done by it. Through political socialization, the qualities, faiths and emotions of political culture are passed on to the future generations. In this process, family, friend circle, educational and religious institutes, media, interest groups and political parties play an important role. Political socialization increases political stability. The political culture of a country is composed of many sub-cultures and therefore, it becomes necessary to modify these sub-cultures for upliftment and strengthening of nation.
Question 5.
Explain the importance of political culture.
Answer:
The credit for developing the concept of political culture approach goes to Amond and Sydney Barbara and some other political thinkers like Powell, Lousian Pie etc. The importance of this approach can be described as follows :
- Through the concept of political culture, the main point of study for political scholars became political society.
- This concept introduced the social and political elements in the study of political process and thus, helped in development of political science.
- This concept introduced common sense in the study.
- Political culture explained how political societies moved in different directions.
- Political science becomes a complete social discipline through micro and wide spread approaches of political culture.
RBSE Class 12 Political Science Chapter 6 Long Answer Type Question
Question 1.
What do you understand by political culture ? Describe briefly its characteristics / features.
Answer:
Meaning of Political Culture :
Political culture means political attitude of general or common culture. According to Amond and Powell, “Political culture is the style of attitudes of members of a political system towards politics.”
According to Sydney Barbara :
“Political culture includes experienced faiths, expressive symbols and values that define the condition or situation in which a political process gets completed.”
According to Allen Ball :
“Political culture is built by a group of those attitudes, faiths and values of the society which are related to political system and political matters.”
In this way, political culture is based on socio-political values and dynamic in nature as the behaviour of people changes according to their needs and conditions.
It has following main features :
- Coordinating form :
The political culture has coordinating nature. It establishes coordination between old and new life values. - Dedication to moral values :
Political culture is based on moral values because without moral values, no political system can survive. Hence, political culture supports moral values and these moral values are established by the religious and ideological aspects of society. - Abstract form :
The political culture is abstract in nature. It has no physical appearance. It lives in the mind of the people and can be experienced by the nature of thoughts and actions of the public and political leaders. - Dynamic form :
The life values of a person or society change according to conditions and needs of times. And therefore, the political culture also changes because it is the result of attitude, faiths and values of people.