RBSE Solutions for Class 12 Political Science Chapter 7 Political Participation

Rajasthan Board RBSE Class 12 Political Science Chapter 7 Political Participation

RBSE Class 12 Political Science Chapter 7 Text book Questions

RBSE Class 12 Political Science Chapter 7 Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1.
Which thinkers started political participation?
(a) Behaviourists
(b) Liberals
(c) Socialists
(d) Extremists
Answer:
(a) Behaviourists

Question 2.
Which of these is not a tool of political participation?
(a) Voting
(b) Presenting election petition
(c) To donate to political parties
(d) Try to cross the border of country
Answer:
(d) Try to cross the border of country

Question 3.
Which agency of the political participation operates the Administration towards villages/cities program?
(a) Preparing proposal
(b) Call back
(c) Public hearing
(d) Voting for a major issue
Answer:
(c) Public hearing

Question 4.
‘Calling back’ means :
(a) Preparing legal proposal
(b) To call back elected representative
(c) Voting on proposal
(d) To run special campaign
Answer:
(b) To call back elected representative

Question 5.
Which measure is mismatching the non-traditional political participation?
(a) Civil disobedience
(b) Refusal of official prize
(c) Nukkad play
(d) Suicide
Answer:
(d) Suicide

RBSE Class 12 Political Science Chapter 7 Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
From where did the direct democracy begin?
Answer:
Direct democracy began from Switzerland.

Question 2.
At present which form of democracy exists in most countries?
Answer:
At present, representative democracy is prevailing.

Question 3.
What is the main reason of political apathy?
Answer:
When ruling section prevents the people from their active political participation then political apathy originates among citizens.

Question 4.
Write the names of any two agencies of political participation.
Answer:
Two major agencies of political participation are :

1. Pressure groups
2. Advisory council

RBSE Class 12 Political Science Chapter 7 Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What is the meaning of more political participation of elite section?
Answer:
More political participation of elite section means dominance of professional politicians and other elite groups in politics. According to famous political scholar Joseph Schumpeter, to run the government and form the policies are the tasks of professional politicians. The role of the public is to vote to elect their representatives and therefore the citizens of a country have very little participation in politics. These professional politicians belong to elite section of society.

Question 2.
What is meant by community activities?
Answer:
Community Activities :
Community activities are part of political participation. In these, the members of a community work together for a common social purpose like security, cleanliness etc. When one or more persons meet a public representative regarding a public issue then it is also considered a community activity. Besides, marches, protests, strikes, etc are also some forms of political participation and community activities. In fact, any kind of social work done by people for the welfare of their community is called community activity.

RBSE Class 12 Political Science Chapter 7 Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Write an essay on traditional and non-traditional form of political participation.
Answer:
When a person actively participates in formation, determination and implementation of public polices and decisions then his/ her activity is known as political participation. Political participation has two forms.
I. Traditional Political Participation :
In traditional political participation, such types of activities of citizens and government are included which are being performed since ancient times. State government too participates in it according to its own way.

(a) Citizen Participation :
Under the traditional political participation, the different activities of citizen participation are following :

1. To contact with government or public representatives.
2. To write letters to govt, authorities or editors, conduct signature campaigns, etc.
3. Participation through pressure groups.
4. Political publicity campaign.
5. Fighting election for public posts.
6. Calling back the representative.
7. To make the proposal for a public welfare work.

(b) State Participation :
Following are the different activities of state participation that come under traditional political participation.

1. To hold elections
2. Public hearing
3. Forming Advisory councils
4. Ask for voting regarding an issue of public welfare.

II. Non-Traditional Political Participation :
This type of political participation is rarely practised by the public. It is also known as denatured form of political participation or offensive form of human chain.

(a) Citizen Participation :
Citizens of a democratic country do the following actions which come under non-traditional type of political participation :

1. Protest marches, posters.
2. Nukkad plays, strikes, dharana, hunger strikes.
3. Refusal of official prizes, awards, etc.
4. Civil disobedience.
5. Political violence.

(b) State Participation :
The main activities of state participation which are of non-traditional type are following :

1. Organizing functions on national-festivals.
2. Republic Day Parade organisation.
3. Conduct of campaigns like cleanliness, pulse-polio, literacy, plantation etc;
4. Organising Yoga programmes and holding competitions of essays, quiz, etc.

Question 2.
Explain critically the aspects of political participation.
Answer:
Meaning of Political Participation : Direct or indirect involvement of common people in the political activities of a country is called political participation. Political participation of common people is ensured by the higher authorities of political system with the help of constitutional provisions.

Democracy and political participation are complementary to each other. Famous political thinker Pericles has written “Every book related to political participation is also related to democracy.”

Following views advocate the need of political participation :

1. Political participation protects the interests of participants as well.
2. Political participation produces and increases moral, social and political awareness in the citizens.
3. Political participation produces the tendency of unity among the people to achieve the common goal.
4. Political participation motivates the people to think for public welfare and common interests neglecting the narrow thoughts of own welfare only.

Critical Evaluation of Political Participation :
Political participation is a must for democracy, but it requires some solid action for its result-oriented implementation. Generally, the democracy supporters stress over the extension of public participation in politics, but they do not provide a viable scheme for it.
The critical assessment of political participation is as following :

1. In democracy, the participation of common people in politics is beneficial upto a limit only. Beyond this limit, it becomes disadvantageous.
2. Public cannot wait for a long time for the results of public welfare schemes to materialise and therefore, the people become restless and aggressive.
3. If more political participation is allowed to general public, they might bring their complaints and quarrels on the roads and it might disturb the general public life.
4. When common people come on the roads for their conflicts then it becomes impossible to control them.

We can see the denatured figure of more political participation of general public in the form of road blockings, marches, strikes, destruction of public property, stone-petting, etc. In such situations, the clever politicians compel the government to accept their improper demands and all this happens in the name of political participation. Hence, only the sensible use or application of political participation can provide meaningful results.

Question 3.
Explaining the major agencies of political participation, mention their contribution in this process.
Answer:
Major Agencies of Political Participation and their contribution : All those means and assets which enhance or exhibit the political participation are called its agencies. The major political participation agencies and their importance is following :

• Pressure Groups :
  These are groups of politically awakened people, formed for common purposes and to pressurise the government to accept their demands. These are very effective in western countries.
• Proposal Preparation :
  This process is more common in Switzerland. Under this process, any voter can draft a proposal regarding a required provision or constitutional amendment and can send it to legislature for its approval. But this proposal must be signed by a definite number of supporters.
• Call back of Representative :
  Through this provision, the voters have right to cancel the power of their representative before completion of term. If the political representative sent by them to government post is not working according to the expectation of voters, they are given the right to call their representative back.
• Public Hearing :
  In this process, the public representatives and government officials hear the complaints, problems and demands of public related to different subjects and then discuss its solutions.
• Advisory council :
  These are the committees of people having knowledge of a particular field. Many such committees of different fields are connected to their related departments to give advice to government officials and employees and to keep watch on their working procedure. Many such advisory committees and councils have been organised in India in various departments at different levels.
• Voting for the Decision on a Question :
  Under this process, public voting is done regarding a subject of public importance or national importance like constitutional amendment, passing a new bill, etc. Recently, such voting was done in Britain to ask the citizens whether Britain should continue its membership of European Union or not. The public rejected the continuation of E.U. membership.
• Civil Disobedience :
  It was the popular tool of Gandhiji to fight against British Government in India. Under this process, the protesters openly break the unjust law and then court voluntary arrest to draw the attention of masses and the government.
• Political Reprisal :
  It is also called political violence. It is non-traditional form of political participation but has become more common now. When people are not satisfied with the working or policies of government, they start strikes, destroy public property, explode bombs, block the roads, etc to compel the government to accept their demands.

RBSE Class 12 Political Science Chapter 7 Other Important Questions

RBSE Class 12 Political Science Chapter 7 Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1.
The people of which country have the right to call their representative back?
(a) India
(b) USA
(c) Switzerland
(d) Newzealand
Answer:
(c) Switzerland

Question 2.
Who said, “Every book related to political participation is also related to democracy’?
(a) Maglosky
(b) Pericles
(c) Kash and Marsh
(d) Sydney Barbara
Answer:
(b) Pericles

Question 3.
Who said, “The unique feature of democracy lies in the role available for its citizens”.
(a) Pericles
(b) Benjamin Barber
(c) Sydney Barbara
(d) Robert Dahl
Answer:
(a) Pericles

Question 4.
Which of the following elements ensures political participation?
(a) Citizens’ awareness
(b) Level of education
(c) Level of thoughts
(d) All the above
Answer:
(d) All the above

Question 5.
According to Joseph Schumpeter, the actual participants of political power are :
(a) Professional politicians
(b) Common citizens
(c) Bureaucrats and technocrats
(d) All the above
Answer:
(c) Bureaucrats and technocrats

Question 6.
Which form of political participation has become almost an institution in India?
(a) Pressure groups
(b) Call back the representative
(c) Public hearing
(d) Voting for a question on public issue
Answer:
(c) Public hearing

Question 7.
What is necessary for political participation?
(a) To give complete freedom for common people
(b) To give chance for selected members
(c) To concentrate over caste and religion
(d) To ensure the sensible use of political participation
Answer:
(d) To ensure the sensible use of political participation

Question 8.
Which statement among the following is not true regarding political participation?
(a) Political participation is the core element of democratic system.
(b) Political participation concept was begun by behaviourists.
(c) Political participation makes the system modern and liberal.
(d) Political participation makes the public autocratic.
Answer:
(d) Political participation makes the public autocratic.

RBSE Class 12 Political Science Chapter 7 Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What is political participation?
Answer:
The direct or indirect participation of common people in political activities is called political participation or public participation in politics.

Question 2.
Which is the most leading country in the world in the field of political participation and direct democracy?
Answer:
Switzerland is the most leading country in the world regarding political participation and direct democracy.

Question 3.
Write any two rights due to which public representatives do not neglect the public?
Answer:

1. To call back the representative
2. Proposal preparation.

Question 4.
Write any two measures required for the development of healthy democratic traditions.
Answer:

1. To motivate the public for more and more political participation.
2. To accept public participation in a positive way.

Question 5.
Who initiated political participation in politics?
Answer:
Behaviourists initiated political participation in politics.

Question 6.
Where do we see the starting form of political participation concept?
Answer:
The beginning or starting form of political participation is seen in the essays of Rousseau and behaviorists.

Question 7.
What are the two theoretical forms of political participation?
Answer:
Following are the two theoretical forms of political participation :

1. Development form
2. Democratic form

Question 8.
Write any two aspects regarding the increase or development of political participation?
Answer:

1. An increase in activities and responsibilities of administration resulted in the increase of political participation.
2. Social media increased political participation beyond expectation.

Question 9.
What did Kash and Marsh say about democracy and political participation?
Answer:
According to Kash and Marsh, “The concept of political participation lies in the centre of concept of democratic state.”

Question 10.
What did Pericles say about political participation?
Answer:
Pericles has written, “A unique feature of democracy lies in the role available for its citizens.”

Question 11.
According to Benjamin Barber, what is the demerit of weak liberal democracy?
Answer:
According to Benjamin Barber, “In weak liberal democracy, the tendency of personal gain remains dominant”.

Question 12.
How did the form of political participation become effective?
Answer:
Political participation is the result of transformation of monarchy into republic and increasing ambitions and expectation of common people.

Question 13.
Explain any two factors that ensure political participation.
Answer:

1. Literacy : It is an important factor that ensures political participation.
2. Population density : Population density also plays an important role in ensuring political participation.

Question 14.
What is the relation between literacy and political participation?
Answer:
Literacy and political participation are closely related. The people of those countries are politically more aware whose literacy percentage is high.

Question 15.
Write any two parameters that are used to measure the extent of political participation in democracy.
Answer:

1. Percentage of citizens taking part in voting.
2. Percentage of citizens taking part in election campaigns of different political parties.

Question 16.
Write any two forms of traditional citizen political participation.
Answer:

1. Contact with government officials and representatives.
2. Political publicity campaign.

Question 17.
Write any two forms of non-traditional citizen participation.
Answer:

1. Civil disobedience
2. Political violence

Question 18.
Write any two non-traditional state participation.
Answer:

1. Celebrating National Festivals and Republic Day Parade.
2. Organising public race competitions and human-chain.

Question 19.
Is political violence an agency of political participation?
Answer:
Yes; it is an agency of non-traditional citizen participation. It includes aggressive form of protesting like bomb explosions, destroying public, road blocking, etc.

RBSE Class 12 Political Science Chapter 7 Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What are the conditions for the development of healthy democratic traditions?
Answer:
In almost all the political systems, the real power remains in the hands of very few people. Democratic system depends on the will of public and hence the participation of maximum number of citizens is ensured in struggle of attaining political power. Democracy needs maximum public participation and for the development of healthy democratic traditions, following conditions are a must:

1. When more people participate in political activities, the democracy becomes strong.
2. The administrative system should co-operate with the public in solving their problem, and this process motivates the public to move forward socially, economically and politically as well.

Question 2.
What has Magloski written about politically participation?
Answer:
Regarding political participation, Magloski said, “Political participation includes all those voluntary activities and reactions in which citizens or common people participate directly or indirectly to form public policies.” Maglosky considers that political participation is present in almost all democracies. He also considers that political participation is not only quantitative but it is qualitative as well. It is not necessary that it must be in large amount for a strong democracy but it is more important that it must be of good quality.

Question 3.
What are the major tools of political participation?
Answer:
Following are the major tools of political participation :

1. To give vote and motivate others for voting because it makes political participation strong.
2. To give donation to political parties.
3. To present appeal.
4. To pressurise the representatives in power.
5. To organise rallies and dharnas regarding the issues of public welfare and national importance.
6. To protest against wrong policies.

Question 4.
What is the most important for a strong and participant democracy according to Benjamin Barber?
Answer:
Benjamin Barber was a famous political scholar. He strongly advocated the need of powerful democracy. He considered a weak but liberal democracy better. He considered the following things most important for a strong democracy.

1. Each and every person must have direct contact without any mediator.
2. Rivaly citizen groups should participate in self-rule directly without any mediator.
3. There must not be any expert mediator at any stage of political post between the representives and public.

Question 5.
Population density or regional extension affects the political participation. How?
Answer:
Political participation means the actual participation of common people in the matters of policy- formation. The consciousness of citizens, their educational and thinking level are such factors that ensure political participation. At the same time, the higher population density and large regional extension negatively affect political participation. Due to large population, the citizen- representative contact becomes difficult and it has been seen that in large countries, the citizens have no opportunity or very little opportunity to talk with their representatives. In such situation, the democratic and political participation of citizens become less active too. This state is not considered good for a healthy democracy.

Question 6.
“At present the actual political participation has become restricted in the hands of very few people of elite section.” Explain the thoughts of Joseph Schumpeter regarding the above statement?
Answer:
The effective and active participation of citizens is the first and the most important condition of democracy but in reality, it does not happen. Joseph Schumpeter says that running government and forming public policies are the tasks of professional politicians. The role of the common people is limited to electing their representatives among the different political parties. After elections, the citizens are pushed behind the curtain and the political responsibilities are handled by selected persons. Most of the tasks involving political, technical and economic complexities are done by expert bureaucrats and technocrats. And hence the real participation remains in the hands of very few people of elite section.

Question 7.
Give at least three logical reasons in support of political participation.
Answer:
Following are the logical reasons in support of political participation :

1. Political participation not only protects the interests of participants itself but it also increases the ability of participants because the people carefully examine the advantages and disadvantages of a political activity before indulging in it.
2. Political participation makes the citizens of a country morally, socially and politically more and more aware.
3. Political participation increases the tendency of unity among the citizens because they learn to unite for their common interests.

RBSE Class 12 Political Science Chapter 7 Long Answer Type Question

Question 1.
Briefly describe the utility of political participation.
Answer:
Utility of Political Participation :
It has been considered since ancient time that public participation in politics is an important condition for a successful democracy or republic. It is also true that at present days in representative democracy, the citizens get a very little chance to participate in decision process. The result is that voters have very little knowledge about political problems. Besides it, there are many other problems which are following.

1. Voters remain neutral towards voting.
2. Political representatives remain negligent towards the public responsibilities.
3. Misuse of post and power and corruption in administration is widespread.

Instead of above mentioned problems, if proper opportunities are given to citizens, they will certainly discuss the political matters and keep close eyes on activities of politicians. In this condition, the misuse of power and posts and corruption will reduce. Hence, political participation is an important factor or element not only for the formation of a good society, but also for living the life decently.

In the modem democratic system, it is necessary to motivate the political participation of common people. They should take part in public decisions more and more. Large democratic countries of the world suggest the following measures to increase the citizens participation in political matters.

1. There should be decentralisation of government and administration. Many responsibilities of taking decision be handed over to local bodies. In India, Panchayat Raj System is an important option to bring decentralisation.
2. Public opinion must be taken while making any new rule or an amendment in the constitution. This process will motivate the citizen to take more interest in political activities.

RBSE Solutions for Class 12 Political Science