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Rajasthan Board RBSE Class 7 English Grammar The Prepositions
एक ही Preposition कई अर्थों में प्रयुक्त होता है; जैसेः
He is at home. (Place)
He goes to school at ten. (Time)
I was surprised at his behaviour. (Mental attitude)
देखिये, यहाँ at तीनों जगह, विभिन्न रूपों में काम कर रहा है।
Grammar की दृष्टि से अंग्रेजी भाषा में Prepositions का बहुत महत्त्वपूर्ण स्थान होता है। इनके बिना किसी वाक्य के Subject (Noun or Pronoun) द्वारा किये गये कार्यों अथवा Subject की स्थिति (situation) का उसी वाक्य के Object (Noun or Pronoun) से सही सम्बन्ध नहीं जुड़ पाता है। कभी-कभी Preposition नहीं होने से अर्थ का अनर्थ हो जाता है। जैसे –
1. Mamta is in the kitchen. (ममता रसोईघर में है।)
(with Preposition) यदि इस वाक्य में से ‘in’ हटा दिया जाये तो वाक्य बनता
Mamta is the kitchen. (ममता रसोईघर है ।)
(without Preposition)
2. The pen is on the table. (कलम मेज़ पर है ।)
(with Preposition) यदि इस वाक्य में से ‘on’ हटा दिया जाये तो वाक्य बनता है
The pen is the table. (कलम मेज है ।)
(without Preposition) उपर्युक्त उदाहरणों से स्पष्ट है कि Prepositions वाक्यों
में महत्त्वपूर्ण भूमिका निभाते हैं ।
Preposition की परिभाषा :
Preposition वह शब्द है जो वाक्य के किसी Noun अथवा Pronoun के पहले आकर किसी अन्य Noun अथवा Pronoun के साथ अपना सम्बन्ध स्थापित करता
मुख्य Prepositions एवं उनके प्रयोग
1. Above
(a) The sun rose above the horizon.
(क्षितिज से ऊँचा)
(b) पद में ऊँचे के अर्थ में The President is above the Prime Minister in the country.
2. Among
दो से अधिक व्यक्तियों या वस्तुओं के लिए (विशेष तौर पर एक समूह)
Distribute these mangoes among these boys.
3. Between
दो व्यक्तियों या वस्तुओं के बीच में जैसे
She stood between her husband and son.
4. At
(a) समय-बिन्दु को इंगित करने हेतु ।
समय – बिन्दु – घड़ी को निश्चित समय, दिनों के नाम, महीनों के नाम तथा वर्ष, आदि से समय बिन्दु का तात्पर्य है। किन्तु at का प्रयोग 24 घण्टों की अवधि में बताये गये समय से पूर्व, उम्र जिसमें कोई कार्य होता है तथा अवधि प्रकट करने वाले त्यौहारों के नामों से पूर्व किया जाता है। दिन, दिनांक, महीने या वर्ष से पूर्व इसका प्रयोग नहीं होता है । Point of time के उदाहरण देखिये : The sun rose at 6 a.m.
(b) ‘उस स्थान को इंगित करने के लिए जिसमें कोई वस्तु या व्यक्ति स्थित है, था या रहेगा। जैसे –
(1) Mr Mohan is at his office.
(2) John is at home.
(c) In the state of (की अवस्था/हालत में या कार्य में रत)
He is at work.
(d) With some verbs as an appropriate Preposition. throw at, look at, shoot at, aim at, laugh at, इत्यादि। गति (speed), वस्तुओं के भाव (rate) तथा निश्चित तापक्रम (temperature) बताने में।
(1) She drove her car at 70 km per hour.
(2) Water boils at 100°C.
(3) Bananas are sold here at twenty rupees a kilogram.
5. In
(a) महीनों, ऋतुओं व वर्षों के नामों से पूर्व
(1) I was born in 1985.
(2) We took exams in March. परन्तु यदि time के पूर्व this/last/next/ every इत्यादि दिए हों तो at/on/in का प्रयोग नहीं होगा ।
(1) He is going out this morning.
(2) She comes here everyday.
(b) morning, evening, afternoon, आदि शब्दों से पूर्व
(1) I shall go to school in the morning.
(2) Meet me in the afternoon. लेकिन night, dawn, dusk, day break के साथ at को प्रयोग होता है ।
(3) The thieves start their work at night. परन्तु यदि इनके पूर्व सप्ताह के दिनों के नामों का प्रयोग हो तो on का प्रयोग होगा । on Sunday morning / on Tuesday night, etc.;
(c) Before a period of time (for future)
(भविष्य की उस समय अवधि से पूर्व जितनी देर में कोई काम समाप्त/पूरा हो जायेगा।) जैसे
(1) I shall be back in an hour.
(2) You have to finish it in a week.
(d) किसी परिवेश में किसी वस्तु आदी व्यक्ति का होना ‘in’ के द्वारा दर्शाया जाता है । जैसे
(1) John is sleeping in his room.
(3) We live in India.
6. On (ऊपर या पर)
(a) दिनों व दिनांकों से पूर्व
नोट – दिनों या दिनांकों से पूर्व का तात्पर्य Point of time (समय-बिन्दु) से है; जैसे –
(1) Ram will go to Jaipur on Monday. Deepawali. (निश्चित दिन के लिए)
(2) We celebrate the Independence Day on 15th of August.
(b) किसी वस्तु के किसी सतह या धरातल पर स्पर्श करते हुए, टिके रहने के अर्थ में on का प्रयोग होता है।
(1) The book is on the table.
(2) He is sitting on the grass.
7. Over
(a) सीधे या लम्बवत् ऊपर होने के अर्थ में।
The sky is over our heads.
(b) More than (से अधिक)
He is over fifty.
(c) किसी कार्य में लगे होने या समय गुजारने के अर्थ में।
We settled the quarrel over a cup of tea.
(d) किसी तल को आंशिक या पूर्णरूपेण ढकने के अर्थ
He put his coat over the boy.
(e) एक छोर से दूसरे छोर तक – आर पार – के अर्थ में
There was a bridge over the river.
8. Into
(a) गतिशीलता (किसी चीज के अन्दर की ओर गति
करना) बताने में ।
(1) Let us go into the garden.
(2) The frog jumped into the water.
(b) दशा में परिवर्तन या घटना के परिणाम को दर्शाने में
(1) Translate these sentences into English.
(2)When he saw his mother, he burst into tears.
9. Under (Over का विलोम)
(a) किसी वस्तु की सतह के नीचे’ के अर्थ में इसका प्रयोग होता है ।
(1) Have you looked under the bed.
(2) The dog went under the table.
(b) अन्दर तथा डूबा या घिरा होना।
The railway line near Jaipur remained under water for many days.
(c) अपेक्षाकृत कम She is under forty.
Exercise 1
(Based on Text Book) Fill in the blanks, with the correct prepositions given in the brackets :
कोष्ठकों में दिए गई prepositions में से उपयुक्त preposition छाँटकर रिक्त स्थानों की पूर्ति करो
1. The whole village was …………… water. [under/above/in]
2. The peak is 5,650 feet …………. sea level. [above/in/into]
3. They kept the box ………… the corner of their room. [into/on/in]
4. I felt that he was hiding something ……. his shirt. [under/into/on]
5. Mr Sinha looks young but he is ………….. [over/on/in]
6. The dog was sleeping ……………. the blanket. [under/on/in]
7. He stayed ………………… a tree for half a day. (on/over/above)
8. Satish spread his bed ……………… the bench. [under/above/in]
9. You are ……… arrest. (on/in/under]
10. The bridge is still construction. (under/above/in]
Answer:
1. under
2. above
3. in
4. under
5. over
6. under
7. on
8. under
9. under
10. under
Exercise 2
(Based on Text Book) Fill in the blanks with the correct prepositions given in the brackets :
कोष्ठकों में दिए गई prepositions में से उपयुक् preposition छाँटकर रिक्त स्थानों की पूर्ति करो
1. The incident created a sensation. the community. [in/on/under]
2. There will be no cutting of green trees …………. the Bishnoi villages. [on/in/over]
3. It insists on free education for children from 6-14 years of age all …………. the country. [over/above/in]
4. Even the RTE has included a clause …………. which 25% of poor and backward students may get admission to private schools. [under/over/above]
5. For example, plastic bags thrown ………… the water are dangerous for fish, sea animals and water birds. [into/in/on]
6. This problem is more serious …. cities. [in/into/on]
7. Garbage bins overflow…………….. big cities. [into/in/on]
8. We should always dump waste …………. the garbage bins.[into/on/in]
9. After a couple of months, this waste turns ………… rich manure. [into/in/on]
10. Dustbins have been kept ……………… public places, roadsides, parks, streets and market places. [on/in/into]
Answer:
1. in
2. in
3. over
4. under
5. into
6. in
7. in
8. into
10. on
Exercise 3
(Based on Text Book)
Fill in the blanks with the correct prepositions given in the brackets :
कोष्ठकों में दिए गई prepositions में से उपयुक् preposition छाँटकर रिक्त स्थानों की पूर्ति करो
1. We serve lunch ……………….. 12 noon to 2 p.m. (between/among/into)
2. He would spend hours together front of the screen. (in/on/into)
3. He completed his school ……….. Jodhpur. (in/into/on]
4. Let’s find a loyal person who can sit ………….. the throne. (in/on/into)
5. There were green plants in the pots all …. the palace ground. (over/above/in)
6. Each pot was bearing a tag with the : name of the owner ……………… bold letters. (in/on/into]
7. There is only soil …………… the pot, not even a tiny plant. [in/on/into]
8. It was in those days when I was posted ………………… a rural area.(in/into/on]
9. When it came to the teaching of textbook, their faces and gesture made me roll …………. laughing. (over/above/into]
10. There was a good tuning ……………. them all. [among/over/into)
11. I am not able to concentrate my studies. (on/in/into)
12. I play …………… Tabla too. (on/in/into)
13. The earth rotates ……………… its axis. (on/in/into)
14. He worked …………… different aspects of mathematics. [among/between/on]
15. Research began ……………….. many fields. (in/on/into)
Answer:
1. between
2. in
3. in
4. on
5. over
6. in
7. in
8. in
9. over
10. among
11. on
12. on
13. on
14. on
15. in
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