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Rajasthan Board Solutions for Class 8 English Chapter 12 The Electronic Brain: Computer
RBSE Solutions for Class 8 English Chapter 12 The Electronic Brain: Computer Questions and Answers are designed by the subject experts based on the latest syllabus. Students can access all Chapter 12 The Electronic Brain: Computer topics preparation material like Rajasthan Board Solutions for Class 8 English online from the links available over here & ace up your preparation.
Summary of the Lesson
This chapter is about computer. The basic knowledge about computer is provided by an expert Dr. Asutosh, who is being invited to inaugurate the “Science Club which is started for the students of the school to X-A enhance their knowledge in the respective area. Shyam of class X-A was elected as the secretary of the club. Dr. Ashutosh had returned from America after completing his advanced training in computer science. When Dr. Ashutosh addresses the student and teachers after inaugurating the Science Club, many students put up questions related to computer and Dr. Ashutosh satisfies them with his answers. In the end, the Principal of the school thanks him and asks if humans could be replaced by computers. Dr. Ashutosh said that human brain is more complex than any computer, hence there is no danger in the near future that computer will replace human brain.
पाठ को सार।
यह पाठ कंप्यूटर के बारे में हैं। कंप्यूटर के बारे में मूलभूत जानकारी एक विशेषज्ञ डॉ० आशुतोष द्वारा दी जाती है जिन्हें विज्ञान क्लब का उद्घाटन करने के लिए विद्यालय के प्रधानाचार्य द्वारा आमंत्रित किया जाता है। विज्ञान क्लब का उद्देश्य विद्यार्थियों के ज्ञान स्तर को बढ़ाना था। कक्षा के श्याम को क्लब का सेक्रेटरी चुना जाता है। डॉ० आशुतोष अमेरिका से उच्च श्रेणी का प्रशिक्षण प्राप्त करके लौटे हैं। विज्ञान क्लब का उद्घाटन करने के बाद डॉ० आशुतोष से विद्यार्थी तथा अध्यापक कंप्यूटर से संबंधित अनेक प्रश्न पूछते हैं जिसके उत्तर वे बहुत अच्छी तरह समझाते हुए देते हैं। अंत में डॉ० आशुतोष को धन्यवाद ज्ञापित करते हुए विद्यालय के प्रधानाचार्य भी एक प्रश्न पूछते हैं कि क्या कंप्यूटर मनुष्यो को स्थान भी ले लेगा? इसके जवाब में डॉ० आशुतोष कहते हैं कि इंसानी दिमाग किसी भी कंप्यूटर से अधिक जटिल है, इसलिए भविष्य में ऐसा कोई खतरा नहीं है कि मानव का स्थान कप्यूटर ले सके |
Glossary
Inaugurate : to officially open a new building, start an organization with a special ceremony
Cabinet : a piece of furniture with doors, drawers and/or shelves, that is used for storing or showing things.
Complicated : complex; made of many different parts
Computation : an act or the process of calculating something
Replace : take the place of somebody/something
The Electronic Brain: Computer TextBook Questions Solved
Activity – I
A. Tick the correct alternative.
सही विकल्प पर निशान लगाइए।
Question 1.
Ask Mohan to get in touch with Dr. Ashutosh and request him to inaugurate the club on Saturday, if convenient. Here the phrase ‘get in touch with’ means:
(a) to communicate with somebody especially by writing or telephoning them.
(b) to try to touch somebody if possible.
(c) to know what is happening in a particular area or subject
(d) none of the above
मोहन से डॉ० आशुतोष से संपर्क में रहने को कहिए और उनसे शनिवार को क्लब का उद्घाटन करने का अनुरोध करने को कहिए अगर सुविधाजनक हो तो। यहां ‘get in touch with’ का तात्पर्य है :
(अ) किसी से लिखकर अथवा फोन पर संपर्क करना
(ब) संभव होने पर किसी को छूना
(स) यह जानना कि किसी खास जगह या विषय में क्या चल रही है।
(द) ऊपर में से कोई भी नहीं ।
Question 2.
“It looks like a cabinet.” Here the word “it’ stands for
(a) transistor
(b) television
(c) computer
(d) science club “It looks like a cabinet”
यहां ‘it’ का तात्पर्य है।
(अ) ट्रांजिस्टर
(ब) टेलीविजन
(स) कंप्यूटर
(द) विज्ञान क्लब
Question 3.
Computers cannot replace human being because
(a) they are memory machines
(b) they are non-living things
(c) they are given a program by technician
(d) human brain is much more complex.
कंप्यूटर इंसानों की जगह नहीं ले सकते क्योंकि
(अ) वे समृति यंत्र है।
(ब) वह निर्जीव वस्तुएं हैं।
(स) उन्हें तकनीशिन द्वारा प्रोग्राम दिया जाता है।
(द) इंसानी दिमाग अधिक जटिल है।
Answer.
1. (a)
2. (c)
3. (d).
B. Say whether the following statements are True or False.
बताइए निम्न कथन सही है अथवा गलत।
Question 1.
Anyone can operate a computer. ……….
कोई भी व्यक्ति कंप्यूटर का संचालन कर सकता है।
Question 2.
Computers are more complex than our brain.
कंप्यूटर हमारे मस्तिष्क से अधिक जटिल हैं।
Question 3.
Computers are very useful to the people in business and industry. ..
कंप्यूटर व्यवसाय और उद्योग में संलगन लोगों के लिए अधिक उपयोगी हैं।
Question 4.
The scientific papers cannot be translated by computers. ……….
वैज्ञानिक दस्तावेजों को कंप्यूटर की सहायता से अनुवाद किया जा सकता है।
Question 5.
There are 5 types of computer. ……….
पाँच प्रकार के कंप्यूटर हैं।
Question 6.
A computer has ten billion parts. ……….
कंप्यूटर के दस अरब भाग हैं।
Question 7.
Shyam is the secretary of Science Club. …….
श्याम विज्ञान सभा (Science Club) का सचिव है।
Question 8.
Mohan is an intelligent and sincere student.
मोहन एक बुद्धिमान और सच्चा विद्यार्थी।
Answer.
1. False
2. False
3. True
4. False
5. False
6. False
7. True
8. False
C. Answer the following questions in 10 to 20 words.
निम्न प्रश्नों के उत्तर 10-20 शब्दों में दीजिए।
Question 1.
Who invented the first computer?
पहले कंप्यूटर का आविष्कार किसने किया था?
Answer.
The first computer was made by Harman Hollerith in 1946.
पहला कंप्यूटर हेरमन हालरिथ द्वारा 1946 में बनाया गया था।
Question 2.
When was the first computer invented?
पहले कंप्यूटर का आविष्कार कब हुआ था?
Answer.
The first computer was invented in 1946.
पहले कंप्यूटर का आविष्कार 1946 हुआ था।
Question 3.
What name was given to the first computer?
पहले कंप्यूटर को क्या नाम दिया गया था?
Answer.
The first computer was named as electric tabulating system.
पहले कंप्यूटर को ‘इलेक्ट्रिक टेबुलेटिंग सिस्टम’ नाम दिया गया था।
Question 4.
What are the five parts of a computer?
कंप्यूटर के पांच भाग कौन से हैं?
Answer.
The five main parts of the computer are input control, memory, arithmetic logic unit and output device.
कंप्यूटर के पांच भाग हैं – इनपुट, कंट्रोल, मेमोरी, अर्थमैटिक, आउटपुट यंत्र।
Question 5.
Who can multiply faster, a computer or human being?
कंप्यूटर अथवा मनुष्य में से कौन अधिक तेजी से गुणा कर सकता है?
Answer.
A computer can multiply faster than human beings.
कंप्यूटर मनुष्य से अधिक तेजी से गुणा कर सकता है।
Question 6.
How can a computer work like a machine?
कंप्यूटर मशीन की तरह कैसे कर सकता है?
Answer.
Computer is given a program and on that basis only output is given. It cannot think, hence it works like a machine.
कंप्यूटर को एक प्रोग्राम दिया जाता है जिसके आधार पर वह आउटपुट देता है। यह सोच नहीं सकता, अत: मशीन
की भांति कार्य करता है।
Question 7.
Why did the Principal thank Dr. Ashutosh?
प्रधानाचार्य में डॉ० आशुतोष को धन्यवाद क्यों दिया?
Answer.
The Principal thanked Dr. Ashutosh for inaugurating the Science Club and answering all the questions asked by the students and teachers.
प्रधानाचार्य ने डॉ० आशुतोष को विज्ञान क्लब का उद्घाटन करने तथा सभी छात्रों तथा अध्यापकों द्वारा पूछे गए। सवालों का जवाब देने के लिए किया।
D. Answer the following questions in 30 to 40 words.
निम्न प्रश्नों के उत्तर 30-40 शब्दों में दीजिए।
Question 1.
What is the difference between digital and analog computers?
डिजिटल व अनालाँग कंप्यूटर में क्या अंतर है?
Answer.
There are two main types of computers- digital and analog. A digital computer works like an electric light. It is either on or off. An analog computer works like a thermometer. It does not jump from one number to the next – it slides along.
कंप्यूटर मुख्यत: दो प्रकार के होते हैं – डिजिटल तथा अनालॉग। एक डिजिटल कंप्यूटर विद्युतीय प्रकाश की भांति कार्य करता है। यह या तो चालू होता है या बंद। अनालॉग कंप्यूटर थर्मामीटर की भांति कार्य करता है। यह एक संख्या से दूसरी संख्या पर कूदता नहीं है, यह एक ओर सरकता है।
Question 2.
What is meant by a program?
एक प्रोग्राम से क्या अभिप्राय है?
Answer.
A program is a given set of instructions to the computer. It could be information about all the worked out set of questions. The user or technician gives these instruction to the computer.
एक कंप्यूटर प्रोग्राम के माध्यम से जानकारी एकत्र करता है। कंप्यूटर भाषा में प्रशिक्षित तकनीशियन को कंप्यूटर को पहर से तैयार किए गए प्रश्नों का सेट या कोई अन्य सूचना दी जाती है। इसी के माध्यम से कंप्यूटर कार्य करता है।
Activity – II
A. Give one word for each group of words.
I. Computer can do sums with perfect ac ………… (without any error)
II. Ranjeet’s father works in a watch factory. He is a tec ……….. (a highly skilled mechanic).
III. Pt. Ashok Ameta is an Astrologer. He prepared my horo ……….. (the chart of a person’s planetary position, used for telling future)
Answer.
I. accuracy
II. technician
III. horoscope.
B. Write the appropriate from of the words provided in the brackets.
I. Dr. Ashutosh has ………. come from America. (recent)
II. Mr Girdhari has undergone a ……….. (train)
III. Who did you get this ………. from? (inform)
IV. He bought a ………. yesterday. (calculate)
V. Will the climate of cold country ………. you? (suitable)
Answer.
I. recently
II. training
III. information
IV. calculator
V. suit
C. Read the following words and try to understand their meanings with the help of dictionary.
model — modal
see — sea
our — hour
fair — fare
shown — shone
sell — cell
Answer.
model — आदर्श
modal — रुपात्मक
see — देखना
sea — सागर
our — हमारा
hour — घंटा
fair — मेला
fare — किराया
shown — दिखाया
sell — बेचना
shone — चमका
cell — कक्ष
Activity – III
A. Read the following sentence from your text.
I. Who has been elected the secretary of the club?
II. Who was the first computer made by?
III. The first computer was made by Harman Hollerith.
This sentence are said to be used in passive voice. Passive construction is used to make the language more impersonal and formal. The construction of passive affirmative is – object + Aux + past participle + by + doer.
Example:
1. My friend helped me.
I was helped by my friend.
2. Everybody praised Seema for her good performance.
Seema was praised for her good performance.
Question 1.
Now change the following sentences into passive voice:
I. Children like ice – cream.
II. She learns a few words everyday.
III. Mr Sharma teaches us English.
IV. Anjana broke this beautiful cup.
V. Aruna helps poor children.
VI. Anushka encourages the students
VII. Mr. Gupta praises hard-working students.
Answer.
I. Ice cream is liked by children.
II. A few words are learnt everyday by her.
III. We are taught English by Mr Sharma.
IV. This beautiful cup was broken by Anjana.
V. Poor children are helped by Aruna.
VI. The students are encouraged by Anushka.
VII. Hard working students are praised by Mr Gupta.
Here are some more sentences for changing into passive voice.
Example: Do people speak English all over the world?
Is English spoken all over the world?
I. Does your grandmother read the Ramayana everyday?
II. Has man conquered the space?
III. Did Sushma grow roses in her garden?
IV. Will Hema write a letter to her sister?
V. Were the villagers digging a well?
VI. Can you solve this problem?
Answer.
I. Is the Ramayana read by your grandmother everyday?
II. Has the space been conquered by man?
III. Were roses grown by Sushma in her garden?
IV. Will a letter be written by Hema to her sister?
V. Was a well being dug by villagers?
VI. Can this problem be solved by you?
Activity – IV
English is a foreign language and it has its own way of expressing the ideas/concepts. Sometimes individually we know what a word means but in group it is somewhat different. Read the following expression with their meanings provided against each expression. After getting the meaning, use them in your own sentence to bring out the meaning clearly.
I. Get in touch with: to meet, to contact
II. Keep track of (sales trends): keep a record of whether sales are good or bad.
III. Find fault with: to criticize, to find a fault or weakness in something /somebody.
IV. Feel your age : to realise that you are getting old.
Answer.
I. Get in touch with Kamal’s father.
II. She keeps track of all the vegetables and fruits sold everyday.
III. These days people are busy finding fault with others rather than improving themselves.
IV. People don’t want to feel their age by colouring their hair.
Activity-V
Question 1.
You are the secretary of the Science Club of your school.
Write a letter to Mr. Gupta, an eminent scientist of your area, requesting him to inaugurate the science club and to give a talk on computers. You may use the following clues.
Dear sir,
You ____ pleased to ___ Science Club _____purpose increase the knowledge _____developing scientific attitude _____request inaugurate ____ address ______speaking on computers ______ hope, accept,
Your faithfully
Signature (name)
Secretary
Answer.
Dear sir,
You will be pleased to know that a Science Club is being started in our school. The purpose of this club is to increase the knowledge of the students. It will help in developing scientific attitude in students. We kindly request you to inaugurate this club and address the students by speaking on computers. I hope that you will accept our invitation and do the honour.
Thanking you,
Your faithfully
ABC (name)
Secretary
The Electronic Brain: Computer Additional Questions For Practice
A. Tick the correct alternative.
सही विकल्प पर निशान लगाइए।
Question 1.
Which club was to be inaugurated?
(a) Art
(b) Maths
(c) Science
(d) Photography
किस क्लब का उद्घाटन किया जाना था।
(अ) कला
(ब) गणित
(स) विज्ञान
(द) फोटोग्राफी
Question 2.
Who was elected as the secretary of the club?
(a) Mohan
(b) Shyam
(c) Shalu
(d) Rajesh
क्लब का सेक्रेटरी किसे चुना गया था?
(अ) मोहन
(ब) श्याम
(स) शालू
(द) राजेश
Question 3.
Who was invited to inaugurate the ‘Science Club’?
(a) principal
(b) science teacher
(c) Dr. Ashutosh
(d) Saroj
‘विज्ञान क्लब’ का उद्घाटन करने के लिए किसे बुलाया गया था?
(अ) प्रधानाचार्य
(ब) विज्ञान के अध्यापक
(स) डॉ० आशुतोष
(द) सरोज
Question 4.
On which day ‘Science Club’ was inaugurated?
(a) Saturday
(b) Sunday
(c) Monday
(d) Tuesday
‘विज्ञान क्लब’ का उद्घाटन किस दिन किया गया था?
(अ) शनिवार
(ब) रविवार
(स) सोमवार
(द) मंगलवार
Question 5.
When was the first computer made?
(a) 1946
(b) 1947
(c) 1948
(d) 1949
पहला कंप्यूटर कब बनाया गया था?
(अ) 1946
(ब) 1947
(स) 1948
(द) 1949
Answer.
1. (a)
2. (b)
3. (c)
4. (a)
5. (a)
B. Answer the following questions in one sentence.
निम्न प्रश्नों के उत्तर एक वाक्य में दीजिए।
Question 1.
What does a computer look like?
कंप्यूटर किसकी तरह दिखता है?
Answer.
A computer looks like a cabinet which is full of wires.
कंप्यूटर एक कैबिनेट की तरह दिखता है जिसमें अनेक तारें होती है।
Question 2.
What are the different types of computer?
कंप्यूटर के कितने प्रकार होते हैं?
Answer.
The main types of computer are the digital and analog.
कंप्यूटर मुख्यतः दो प्रकार के होते हैं- डिजिटल तथा अनालॉग।
Question 3.
How many main parts are there in a computer?
एक कंप्यूटर में मुख्यातः कितने भाग होते हैं?
Answer.
There are mainly five parts in a computer.
एक कंप्यूटर में मुख्यतः पांच भाग होते हैं।
Question 4.
How much time does a computer take in doing simple computation?
साधारण संगणना में एक कंप्यूटर कितना समय लेता है?
Answer.
A computer takes very little time in doing simple computation.
साधारण संगणना में कंप्यूटर बहुत ही कम समय लेता है।
C. Answer the following questions in 30 to 40 words.
निम्न प्रश्नों के उत्तर 30-40 शब्दों में दीजिए।
Question 1.
Can a computer function like a human being?
क्या एक कंप्यूटर मानव की तरह कार्य कर सकता है?
Answer.
Yes, at times a computer can read letters, translate scientific papers, play chess, compose music, write plays, prepare horoscopes, and even design other computers like human being.
हां, अनेक बार कंप्यूटर मानव की तरह पत्र पढ़ना, वैज्ञानिक लेख को अनुवादित करना, शतरंज खेलना, संगीत बनाना, नाटक लिखना, जन्मपत्री बनाना, तथा अन्य कंप्यूटर बनाने का कार्य कर सकता है।
Question 2.
Can human being be replaced by computers?
क्या कंप्यूटर मानव का स्थान ले सकता है?
Answer.
Human brain has more than 10 billion cells whereas a computer has only a few hundred thousands parts. Thus a human being is much more complex than a computer and a computer can never replace human beings.
मानव मस्तिष्क में दस अरब से भी अधिक कोशिकाएं होती है जबकि कंप्यूटर के कुछ सौ हजार भाग होते हैं। अंतः मानव मस्तिष्क एक कंप्यूटर से कहीं अधिक जटिल है और इसलिए कंप्यूटर कभी भी मानव का स्थान नहीं ले सकते।
D. Answer the following question in 50 to 60 words.
निम्न प्रश्न का उत्तर 50-60 शब्दों में दीजिए।
Question 1.
What is a computer?
कंप्यूटर क्या है?
Answer.
A computer is an electronic device which stores information on a magnetic tape and analyses it and produces information as required from the data on the tapes. It is really a high power ‘memory’ machine that has all answers. It looks like a cabinet inside of which are hundreds of wires and transistors.
कंप्यूटर एक विद्युत – चालित यंत्र होता है जो एक चुंबकीय टेप पर सूचना संग्रहित करता है और इसका विश्लेषण करता है और टेप्स पर संग्रहित विवरण आवश्यकतानुसार सूचना प्रस्तुत करता है। यह वास्तव में एक उच्च-शद्रि संपन्न याद रखने वाली मशीन है जो लगभग सभी प्रश्नों के उत्तर दे सकती है। यह एक कैबिनेट की तरह दिखता है जिसके अंदर सैंकड़ों तारें और ट्रांजिस्टर होते हैं।
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