RBSE Solutions for Class 9 Social Science Chapter 6 Nationalism in India

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RBSE Solutions for Class 9 Social Science Chapter 6 Nationalism in India are part of RBSE Solutions for Class 10 Social Science. Here we have given Rajasthan Board RBSE Class 9 Social Science Chapter 6 Nationalism in India.

Board RBSE
Textbook SIERT, Rajasthan
Class Class 9
Subject Social Science
Chapter Chapter 6
Chapter Name Nationalism in India
Number of Questions Solved 31
Category RBSE Solutions

Rajasthan Board RBSE Class 9 Social Science Chapter 6 Nationalism in India

TEXTBOOK QUESTIONS SOLVED

Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)

Question 1.
In India, printing press was started in
(a) 1800 AD
(b) 1700 AD
(c) 1830 AD
(d) 1805 AD
Answer:
(a).

Question 2.
Who was the writer of the book ‘India’s First War of Independence?
(a) R.C. Majumdar
(b) Ashok Mehta
(c) Veer Savarkar
(d) Dada Bhai Naoroji
Answer:
(c).

Question 3.
Major Burton was a political agent in of which place?
(a) Neemach
(b) Kota
(c) Erinpura
(d) Ajmar
Answer:
(b).

Question 4.
Thakur Khusal Singh was the ruler of
(a) Erinpura
(b) Salumber
(c) Auwa
(d) Nasirabad
Answer:
(c).

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
When was the publication of Bengal Gazette started?
Answer:
In 1780 AD.

Question 2.
Who created the song ‘Vande Mataram’?
Answer:
Bankim Chandra Chatterjee

Question 3.
Who led the First War of Independence in 1857?
Answer:
Bahadur Shah Zafar

Question 4.
On which date was the revolt to be started? .
Answer:
31st May 1857.

Question 5.
Where was Major Burton assassinated?
Answer:
In Kota.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Define the word nationalism.
Answer:
Feeling of patriotism, love, sacrifice and devotion towards the nation is called nationalism. In western countries, the concept of nationalism was in the form of state. In Indian concept, whole-hearted devotion towards nation and culture had great importance.

Question 2.
How did Britishers economically exploit India?
Answer:
Britishers economic policies ruined India’s cottage industries. They purchased fine raw material at low cost. It was sent to Britain at Liverpool and Manchester. Here cloth was manufactured and finished cloth was exported to India and sold at high cost. It destroyed the Indian textile industry. The East India Company wanted to make India an agricultural country for supply of raw material to promote industrial development in England. There was a great difference on export and import duties on Indian goods. In India, British government’s expenditure was afforded by India so, Indian people were burdened with taxes. Therefore, wealth of India was drained to England. As a result, destruction of Indian cottage industries and exploitation of farmers etc. forced Indians to revolt.

Question 3.
Mention the names of main revolutionaries of national movement.
Answer:
In making India independent revolutionaries like Bhagat Singh, Sukhdev, Rajguru, Chandra Shekhar Azad, Ashfaqulla Balwant Khan, Ram Prasad Bismil, Rajendra Lahiri, Khudi Ram Bose, Praffull Chandra, Balwant Phadke, Veer Savarkar, Subhash Chandra Bose, Lala Lajpat Rai, Vipin Chandra Pal, Bal Gangadhar Tilak, Gopal Krishna Gokhle, Arvind Ghosh, Pt. Jawaharlal Nehru, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel, etc. played an important role.

Question 4.
Rlustrate the spread of 1857 Revolt in Rajasthan in brief.
Answer:
The immediate cause of the Revolt of 1857 was the use of new cartridges made of pork or beef fat. Revolutionaries set fire to the buildings and property of the British and declared war against them. From Meerut the revolt spread to different parts of India along with Rajasthan. The revolution in Rajasthan extended in various places like Nasirabad, Neemach, Kota, Jhalawar, Tonk, Shahpur, etc. Here, soldiers were also determined to end the British rule. But finally, due to lack of proper leadership, the British curbed the revolt with the help of their military force.

Question 5.
Which leaders contributed in the war of 1857?
Answer:
Revolt of 1857 shook the roots of Britishers. Mangal Pandey was the main hero. On 11 May, 1857 the revolunaries from Meerut reached Delhi and the veiy next day on 12 May 1857 they took control over it, under the leadership of Bahadur Shah Zafar. Rani Laxmi Bai of Jhansi, Nana Saheb of Kanpur, Azimullah and Tatya Tope, Kunwar Singh of Bihar, Ranga ji Babu Gupte from South India, Begum Hazrat Mahal from Awadh and samants of Mewar gave the co-operation and supported the revolutionaries. Khushal Singh gave millitaiy help. Rawat of Salumbar Kesari Singh gave shelter to Khushal Singh. Thakur of Kothariy Jodh Singh plundered the property of British officer and gave shelter to Neemji Charan. In Kota in Rajasthan, there was a great role of Jaidayal, Mehrab Khan, Ratan Lai and Jia Lai in awakening. the anti-British feeting.

Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Describe the causes of origin of nationalism in India.
Answer:

  1. Impact of India’s glorious past:
    Due to great knowledge India was called Vishvaguru in ancient time. Our famous men and kings tried to tie India in one thread. Due to this glorious inspiration in 19th century, feeling of nationalism developed in Indians against Britishers. Not only Indians but European intellectuals also considered Indian Vedic knowledge important for the welfare of the world.
  2. Impact of British rule:
    Policies of Britishers exploited Indians economically and culturally. Many revolts occurred against the British Government from 1837 AD to 1857 AD. India’s national movement was the reaction against Britishers policies.
  3. Impact of English Education:
    Though Macaulay wanted to make Indians mentally slave of them, English language became the Communication language for Indians by which they can contact anywhere in the world. Indian youth took interest in higher education which encouraged the national awareness.
  4. Impact of contact with western thinkers and philosophers:
    When English education came into existence, it gave rise to nationalism. Through English language, Indians began to transmit their ideas. Not doubt, the British introduced English education for their own benefit, but it became a curse of themselves. Due to English language, Indian youth came in the contact with thinkers and philosophers like, Burke, Bentham, Mill, Rousseau, Milton and Spencer, etc. They were impressed of their revolutionary and nationalist thinking, which gave strength to nationalism.
  5. Contribution of Indian literalists:
    Indian poets and authors created the literature full of love for nation. Plays like Anand Math and Neel Darpan encouraged the feeling of nationalism in people. Bankim Chatterji’s Anand Math became the synonym of patriotism. He created the song Vande Matram. It became the main source of inspiration for activists. Among other literalists Hem Chandra Bannerjee, Naveen Chandra Sen, R.C. Dutt, Ravindra Nath Tagore, Badri Narayan Chaudhary, Pratap Narayan Mishra, Bal Krishna Bhatt, etc. gave special contribution in awakening the feeling of nationalism through their creations.
  6. Starting of Printing Press and contribution of Newspapers:
    Newspapers and magazines are the readily available means of communication. In 1800 AD, printing press was started at Rampur near Kolkata which gave impetus to publication of newspapers. In 1774 AD, the first newspaper India Gazette and in 1780 AD, Bengal Gazette were published. In view of spread of feeling of nationalism Raja Ram Mohan Roy published ‘Samvad Kaumudi’ and Miratul newspaper.
    In 1826 AD, the first Hindi newspaper ‘Uddant Martand’ was started and published. In these newspapers, exploitation policies of colonialism of East India Company were openly criticised. Through newspapers, thinking of Indian social reformers and political thinkers reached to people. Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar published ‘Som Prakash’ and Harish Chandra Mukherjee published ‘Hindu Patriot’. In 1868 AD, Amrit Bazar Magazine’ was published. Tilak published ‘Kesri’ in Marathi and ‘Martha’ in English. These newspapers built an atmosphere of sacrifice and nationalism in India.
  7. Discriminated policy of the British for Indians:
    Indians were not posted on high posts. After the end of revolt or First War of Independence 1857, atrocities were made on Indians. They were insulted and discrimination was done between Britishers and Indians before law. This all created an unrest among Indians against Britishers.
  8. Impact of social and religious reforms or National movement:
    The new schools of religious philosophies like Brahmo Samaj, Aiya Samaj, Ramakrishna Mission played an important role in the elimination of social evils in the beginning of the freedom movement from Indian society. Raja Ram Mohan Roy and Swami Dayanand Saraswati tried to remove the social evils and awaken the nationalism among people.
  9. India’s economic exploitation:
    Britishers economic policies ruined India’s cottage industries. They purchased fine raw material on low cost. It was sent to Britain at Liverpool and Manchester. Here cloth was manufactured and finished cloth was sent to India and sold at high cost. It destroyed the Indian textile industry.
    The East India Company wanted to make India an agricultural country for supply of raw material to promote industrial development in England. There was a great difference on export and import duties on Indian goods. In India, British government’s expenditure was afforded by India so, Indian people were burdened with taxes. Hence, wealth of India was drained to England. As a result, destruction of Indian cottage industries and exploitation of farmers etc. forced Indians to revolt.

Question 2.
Discuss the main causes of the War of Independence, 1857.
Answer:
Administrative and political causes: To fulfil the imperialistic ambitions of Britain Lord Welleselly merged the Princely States of Jhansi, Nagpur, Satara and Awadh in British empire. He took away the lands of Indian zamindars. He annoyed Muslims by insulting Mughal king Bahadur Shah Zafar. Indians were not given high posts in government services. Also they were not satisfied with the judiciaiy system of the British.

  1. Social causes:
    The Company allowed the Christian missionaries to work in its territories. Laws were passed which made conversion to Christianity easier. Any person who had converted to Christianity could inherit his ancestral property.
    These who converted to Christianity, got opportunity of government jobs and other facilities. People felt that their religion and social customs were in danger.
  2. Millitary causes:
     In 1857 AD, Indian War for Independence was started due to millitary discontent. Indian soldiers were discriminated on the issues of salary, posts, promotion, allowances. Some of the new laws violated their religious sentiments. The Indians took it as a major attack on their religion. In 1856, the British passed the order that every new recruit, in the army, had to serve overseas, if needed. Now, the Indian soldiers turned against the British.
    Indians were given Rs. 9 per month as salary while Britishers got Rs. 60 or 70 per month. On a minor mistake they were punished. This encouraged them to lift weapons against them. Defeat in Crimea war of Britishers encouraged Indian soldiers. Indian soldiers allowances were finished. In Second Burma War, Indians were ordered to go across the oceans but they opposed it, because in those times in Hindu religion sea voyage was against religion. Therefore, before 1857 many millitary revolts were held.
  3. Economic causes:
    Due to policy of economic exploitation of the British, Indians had unrest. The objective of Britishers was to collect more and more wealth from Indian subcontinent. They had destroyed the self-dependent rural economic system of India. Britishers were becoming more rich and Indians were becoming more poor. Britishers imposed more fine (Lagaan) on farmers and zamindars even during the famine. They tortured and exploited them. It increased the discontent among Indians.
  4. Immediate causes:
    In 1856 Enfield Rifle was given by the British government to the Indian soldiers. They were asked to break open the cartridge with their mouths. The soldiers refused to do so, suspecting the cartridges to be made of pork or beef fat. The British officers compelled the soldiers to use the cartridges. It was at this juncture that Mangal Pandey refused to open the cartridge on 29th March 1857 and killed the British officer.
    He was arrested and hanged. A month after his execution, some soldiers in Meerut refused to use the new cartridges. About eighty five sepoys were arrested and sentenced to ten years in jail. This sparked off the revolt. On 10th May 1857, other sepoys marched to the jail, freed the imprisoned soldiers. They killed British officers. They set fire to the buildings and property of the British and declared war against them. From Meerut, the revolt spread to different parts of India like Delhi, Kanpur, Bihar, Rajasthan and South India. The soldiers were determined to end the British rule.

Question 3.
Give the causes of the failure of War of Independence, 1857.
Answer:
Causes of the failure of the War of Independence: The Britishers were frightened of the collective and organized revolt of Indians. In the beginning, revolutionaries defeated the Britishers at many places. But finally British curbed the First War of India’s Independence.
There were many reasons behind it:

  1. Due to lack of definite planning revolutionaries could not come in contact with each other.
  2. Indian soldiers suffered from insufficient resources, had old traditional weapons.
  3. Lack of centralised leadership, organisation and techniques of war. The British had superior weapons and techniques, fine leadership and immense resources.
  4. Support to British by the Princely States. Lord Canning’s cunning policy made Princely States supporter of the British. .
  5. Unsympathetic attitude and even hostility of many rulers. Scindia, Holkar, Nizam and other rulers did not join the revolt. Gorkhas, Sikhs and Rajputs remained loyal to the British. Moneylenders, merchants, zamindars gave full support to the British.
  6. Selfishness sapped the power of the Indian soldiers.
  7. Lack of public awareness.
  8. Due to lack of common action of plan and unity, the revolt started much before the fixed date— 31 May 1857. Therefore, whole plan was disorganised.
  9. Strong Naval power of the British.
  10. Weak military organisation of revolutionaries.
  11. Lack of able leadership.

Question 4.
Describe the importance of the First War of Independence, 1857.
Answer:
Importance of the First War of Independence:

  1. Though Indians did not succeed in the War of Independence but Britishers were compelled to bring administrative changes.
  2. It marked the end of East India Company. The administration powers were transferred to British Crown. It gave inspiration to National Movement.
  3. Changes were made in Princely States Policy. British queen declared to give rights, respect and glory to state rulers, but Doctrine of Lapse was continued.
  4. Britishers followed the policy of divide and rule and gave birth to Hindu-Muslim hostility.
  5. After this revolt, Britishers strengthened their military and re-organized it. They increased the number of British soldiers in it. Though this revolt was failed but it proved that if British could be driven away from country with planned and organised efforts of Indians. Ultimately due to spirit of nationalism, India became free.

Question 5.
Discuss the role played by Rajasthan in the first war of Independence, 1857.
Answer:
The immediate cause of the Revolt of 1857 was the use of new cartridges made of pork or beef fat. Revolutionaries set fire to the buildings and property of the British and declared war against them. From Meerut, the revolt spread to different parts of India along with Rajasthan. The revolution in Rajasthan took place on various places. Here, the soldiers were also determined to end the British rule.
The people of Jodhpur were against the British and even the robbers supported the revolutionaries. The soldiers of Jodhpur encouraged the people to revolt against the British. Thus, the revolt of Auwa was due to the ideology against the British force.
Nasirabad: On 28 May 1857 soldiers of Nasirabad took over the charge of guns forcibly and looted the treasury. They killed a British officer. British army fled to save their lives. From here soldiers went to Delhi.

  1. Neemach:
    Revolt of Nasirabad reached to Neemach. In Neemach, soldiers plundered the Shastragar (weapon stock). British officers fled to Udaipur. Maharana of Udaipur gave them shelter in the palace.
  2. Kota:
    In Kota also common people and state military struggled due to supportive policy of Maharav Kota to Britishers. Maharav became the enemy of revolutionaries. There was a great role of Jaidayal, Mehrab Khan, Ratan Lai and Jia Lai in awakening the anti-British feelings. There was à complete hold of revolutionaries on administration of Kota.
    In Kota political agent was Major Burton. Revolutionaries killed him and his two sons. With the support of people they imprisoned the ruler in the palace. Entrance gates of Tonk and Shahpura were closed, but due to lack of proper and universally accepted leadership, Britishers curbed the revolt with help of their military force.
  3. Jhalawar:
    Tatya Tope entered in Jhalawar of Rajasthan and took control over it. Revolutionaries took control over weapon stock.. Due to entrance of Tatya Tope in Rajasthan, a new wave took birth in revolutionaries, Samant of Kothari Jodh Singh and Rawte Kesari Singh of Salumbar gave full support to Tatya Tope, but Man Singh, the ruler of Marwar had Tantiya Tope arrested by Britishers and he was hanged on 1859 AD. But it is not true, actually by seeing weakening revolt, Tope went in exile. With this, the war in Rajasthan was ended.

ADDITIONAL QUESTIONS SOLVED

Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)

Question 1.
Calcutta (Kolkata) had been the capital of India till which year?
(a) 1910 AD
(b) 1911 AD
(c) 1913 AD
(d) 1947 AD
Answer:
(b).

Question 2.
Who was Rabindranath Tagore?
(a) Poet
(b) Musician
(c) Dramatist and novelist
(d) All of these
Answer:
(d).

Question 3.
Which of the following states was not merged in the British empire by Lord Wellesley?
(a) Nagpur
(b) Awadh
(c) Junagarh
(d) Jhansi
Answer:
(c).

Question 4.
Who declared the Revolt of 1857?
(a) Mangal Pandey
(b) Rani Laxmibai
(c) Tatya Tope
(d) None of these
Answer:
(a).

Question 5.
When was Tatya Tope hanged till death?
(a) 1800
(b) 1799
(c) 1859
(d) 1857
Answer:
(c).

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Who was Veer Savarkar?
Answer:
He was a great freedom fighter. He called the Revolt 1857 to be the first struggle for freedom.

Question 2.
Describe the role of Rajasthan in freedom struggle.
Answer:
Rajasthan has always played a significant role in creating national awareness and running freedom movement against the British rule.

Question 3.
Describe the contribution of Brahmo Samaj, Arya Samaj and Ramakrishan Mission.
Answer:
Brahmo Samaj, Arya Samaj and Ramakrishna Mission fought against the evils pervaded in Indian society and aroused dedication and respect towards the nation amongst the people.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
How can one understand the nation, country and state?
Answer:
In India nation, country and state can be understand from following table:

Compulsory element

 Nation Country

State

1.

 People People People

2.

 Culture Land Sovereignity

If People, Land, Culture and Sovereignity – four elements are available, then it comes in the grade of ideal nation.

Question 2.
Name some newspapers which aroused the feeling of nationalism among the people.
Answer:
In 1774 AD, the first newspaper India Gazette and in 1780 AD, Bengal Gazette were published. In view of spread of feeling of nationalism Raja Ram Mohan Roy published ‘Samvad Kaumudi’ and Miratul newspaper. In 1826 AD, the first Hindi newspaper ‘Uddant Martand’ was started and published. In these newspapers, exploitation policies of colonialism of East India Company were openly criticised. Through newspapers, thinking of Indian social reformers and political thinkers reached to people. Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar published ‘Som Prakash’ and Harish Chandra Mukherjee published “Hindu Patriot’. In 1868 AD, Amrit Bazar Magazine’ was published. Tilak published ‘Kesri’ in Marathi and ‘Martha’ in English. These newspapers built an atmosphere of sacrifice and nationalism in India.

Question 3.
Discuss any one cause of the failure of war of Independence, 1857.
Answer:
In the beginning, revolutionaries defeated the Britishers at many places but due to sympathy of Princely States, and modem military force they curbed the First War of Independence of India.

Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Tatya Tope played an important role in the first war of India’s Independence, 1857. Explain.
Answer:
Tatya Tope was born in 1819 AD. He was the army chief of Nana Saheb. he fought with the British in 1857 in Kanpur. When the British controlled over Kanpur, he came to Kalpi and revolted against them with Rani Laxmibai of Jhanshi. Tatya Tope took Gwalior under his control. Then he entered Jhalawar of Rajasthan and captured it. Revolutionaries took control over weapon stock.
Due to enterance of Tatya Tope in Rajasthan, a new wave took birth in revolutionaries, Samant of Kothari Jodh Singh and Rawte Kesari Singh of Salumbar gave full support to Tatya Tope, but Man Singh, the ruler of Marwar made arrested Tantiya Tope by Britishers and he was hanged on 1859 AD. But it is not true, actually by seeing weakening revolt, he went in exile. With this, the war in Rajasthan was ended. Therefore, Tatya Tope played a very important role in First War of India’s Independence.

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