Rajasthan Board RBSE Class 10 Science Notes Chapter 18 Indian Scientists: Biography and Achievements
Sushruta :
Sushruta was born in 600 BC. Sushruta was the pioneer to give knowledge of surgery to the world and his concepts of surgery are still relevant. In his book ‘Sushruta Samhita’ he has elaborated about surgery in painstaking detail.
Charak :
Charak was famous as a great professor of ayurveda. According to him, there are three doshas to facilitate functioning of the body. These are pitta, kafa and vata. Any imbalance among these three doshas results in a disease. His book ‘Charak Samhita’ which was written in 200 BC is still a much revered book in the field of medicine.
C V Raman :
Chandrashekhar Venkat Raman was born in Tirudhira Pattali, Tamil Nadu on 7th November 1888. Raman discovered his famous ‘Raman Effect’ in 1929. As per this concept, when light travels though a fluid then there is an interaction between light and fluid which is called dispersion of light. For this discovery, he was awarded the Nobel Prize in 1930.
Homi Jehangir Bhabha :
Dr. Homi Jehangir Bhabha was born on 30th October 1909. In 1937, he did a research on cosmic rays and postulated that these are micro-particles that produce a shower of electron-like particles after interacting with particles of air. For his immense contribution in India’s nuclear programme, he is also known as the ‘Father of Indian Nuclear Programme’.
Prafullachandra Ray :
Dr. Prafullachandra Ray was born on 2nd August 1861. After studying abroad he came back to India, and joined the Presidency College as Assistant Professor. After that, he started the Bengal Chemical & Pharmaceutical Works in 1892 to produce allopathic medicines.
Dr. Panchanan Maheshwari :
Dr. Panchanan Maheshwari was a renowned botanist from India. He got his education from Allahabad University and began his teaching career at Agra College. He also taught at universities in Allahabad, Lucknow and Dhaka. He developed a new branch by combining embryology with plant physiology and with the new-found knowledge succeeded in growing different floral parts by artificial nutrition.
Dr. Salim Ali:
Dr. Salim Ali was born on 12th November 1896. He is known as the ‘Birdman’ of India. Salim Ali was the first Indian to arrange for systematic survey of birds in India. His books on birds have helped immensely in enriching the knowledge about birds. He played important role in formation of Bharatpur Bird Sanctuary7 (Kevla Dev National Park). His autobiography is named as ‘The Fall of a sparrow’.
Dr. A. P. J. Abdul Kalam:
Dr. Abul Pakir Jainulabdin Abdul Kalam was bom on 15th October 1931. He got entry in Madras University of Technology in 1954 to study Aeronautical Engineering. In 1958, he was appointed as a senior scientist of Defence Research and Development Organisation.
- Kalam got training in rocket propulsion from NASA and successfully launched Naik Apache; the first rocket of India. He was given the charge of SLV project. He was also given the charge of Integrated Guided Missile Development Programme (IGMDP). Because of his immense contribution in missile development, he is also called the ‘Missile Man’ of India.
- Dr. Kalam was elected as the President of India and served in that capacity between 2002 – 2007. The Indian government has honoured him with Padma Bhushan (1981), Padma Vibhushan (1990) and Bharat Ratna (1997).