RBSE Class 12 History Notes Chapter 7 Rajasthan’s War of Independence and Unification

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Rajasthan Board RBSE Class 12 History Notes Chapter 7 Rajasthan’s War of Independence and Unification

  • On the All India level where the clarion call for the revolt of 1857 had begun to have effect, revolutioaries like Mangal Pandey, Rani Laxmi Bai and Tantya Tope raised their voice, and from the same fire a raze spread across Rajasthan and the people of the state joined the movement enthusiastially and supported them.
  • In any country, political conscience is not the result of an immediate incident.For this, preparation is done for a long period and efforts are made.
  • The Reasons of Awareness in Rajasthan
    • Swami Dayanand Saraswati and his influence .
    • Contribution of newspapers and literature.
    • The role of middle class.
    • The influence of first world war.
    • The influence of external environment.
  • In the war of independence of Rajasthan, there were the combined efforts of newspapers, patriots, farmers, people and revolutionaries of Rajasthan.
  • In the war of independence of 1857, the people of Rajastlian displayed emotions of patriotism and anti-British feelings. –
  • In this, there was the influence of such national leaders as Swami Dayanand, Mahatma Gandhi, Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose, J. L. Nehru, Lala Lajpat Rai, Dr. Shyama Prasad Mukheijee. The fasting farmers’ sacrifice was also the main reason behind it.

1857 Revolt and Rajasthan:

  • The 1857 revolt in Rajasthan began from Naseerabad cantonment. In Rajasthan, there were mainly six army cantonments Naseerabad, Neemach, Devli, Kota, Ellenpura and Kherwada.
  • Auwa (Marwad) residency and Thakur Kushal Singh were main contributaries.
  • In 1857 war of independence, Tantya Tope’s visit to Rajasthan was an important incident.
  • The farmers of Rajasthan were fighting against the dual slavery, one under the British and the other under the fuedal lords.
  • Among main revolutionaries, the names of Vijay Singh Pathik, Pt. Arjun Lai Sethi, Kesari Singh Barhat,-Rao Gopal Singh Kharwa etc. are considered.
  • Kesari Singh, Pratap S. Barhat and Zorawar Singh Barhat, the three revolutionaries were from one family.
  • Auwa’s Thakur Kushal Singh openly faced the Britishers. Sararmal, Gopa, Swami Gopal Das, Damodar Das Rathi, Rao Gopal Singh and others were also some other notable revolutionaries.
  • The reasons of failure of Freedom Movement were :
    • Lack of leadership.
    • Lack of equilibrium.
    • Absence of guiding policies.
    • Non-co-operation among rulers.
  • The results of war of independence :
    • A change of action plan took place from state to national level.
    • The power of feudel lords was destroyed.
    • The change in administrative cadre.
    • The avenues of transportation were developed at a greater pace.
    • Societal changes.
  • The farmer’s revolt in Rajasthan till the middle of 20th century was triggered by the increased interference and control of Britishers. The increasing discontentment in farmers resulted in united farmers’ revolt.
  • Farmers were not afraid of atrocities and uncalled for inhuman cruelties. The women force also participated.
  • The leadership of Bijolia farmer revolt was handled by Vijay Singh Pathik. When landlords did not take any steps to resolve the issues of farmers then the satyagraha began as follows—
  • Each male, female member of Bijolia was inflamed by the sentiments of national fervour. The voice of farmers’ movement spread in whole of India. This is the reason that the Gandhi, M. M. Malviya. B. G. Tilak and Ganesh Shankar Vidhyarthi led this movement.
  • Alongwith this, the leadership of this major movement was handled by Pathik, M. L. Verma and Ram Narayan Choudhary. In Malwad the leadership of farmers was controlled by Jai Narayan Vyas, Radha Krishan Tat and others.
  • In the Sikar movement, alongwith farmers the womenfolk also contributed. They included Kishori Devi, Durga Devi, Phula Devi and Smt Rama Joshi.
  • The leadership of- Bundi farmer movement was taken by Pt. Nanyal Ram, Ram Narayan Choudhary and farmer movement of Alwar (Neemrana massacre) was led by farmers. Gandhiji strongly condemned the Neemrana controversy.
  • Tribal Movement: In the southern region of Rajasthan, the Bhils used to reside. This is a ritual based traditional tribe. When their rights were offended, they showed their resentment.
  • Bharat movement was led by Govind Guru who founded the Samp Assembly. The massacre of this place is compared with the Jallianwala Bagh.
  • Motilal Tej awat took over the leadershp of Akki movement. This movement is accepted as the political awakeneing of castes.
  • Praja Mandal Movement : In 1927, All India Nationalist State People’s Council was founded, and alongwith this, active politics era began.
  • In 1938 at the Haridwar convention of Congress, the Congress approved a proposal that supported the organised movement of Nationalist Provinces for freedom struggle.
  • The movements running in these states got associated in direct form with Congress.
  • The main states such as Jodhpur, Bikaner, Jaisalmer, Mewad, Bundi, Jhalawad, Jaipur, Praja Mandals were formed in Alwar, Bharatpur, Dholpur and other states.
  • After Haripura movement, the provincial movement was included in national mainstream.

Unification of Rajasthan:

  • The unification of Rajasthan took place in 7 phases. At the attainment of independence, Rajasthan had 22 small and large provinces out of which 19 were independent and 3 Lava, Kushalgarh and Neemrana were chief ship provinces.
  • Ajmer Merwada was British administered state.
  • The unification of Rajasthan provinces was made possible by Iron man Sardar Patel’s diplomacy and the sheer efforts of provincial departnient.
  • According to Indian government’s stipulation, provinces could show their independent existence if their yearly income was one crore and the population was 10 lakh or more.
  • The first phase of unification was made by the integration of Alwar Bharatpur, Dholpur and Karoli in the form of Matsya organisation.
  • The biggest organisation was formed of 9 states. The combination of Banswada, Dungarpur, Shahpur and Tonk was named as united Rajasthan.
  • The capital of greater Rajasthan was declared as Jaipur and to maintain importance of big cities, some state-level government departments, High Court in Jodhpur, education Board in Bikaner, Mineral department in Udaipur, agriculture department in Bharatpur were established.
  • The regions of Bharatpur and Dholpur in Matsya Confederation were eager to merge with Uttar Pradesh.
  • With respect to merger of Sirohi, the conflict remained between Gujarat and Rajasthan. Pressure from the people of Rajasthan and public leaders resulted in the merger of Sirohi in Rajasthan.
  • By the recommendation of state reorganisation council, Sirohi’s Mount Abu merged in United Rajasthan for the construction of Modern Rajasthan on November 1, 1956.
  • This way, the process of the unification of Rajasthan that began in March 1948 was completed on 1st November 1956.

Important Dates and Related Incidents:

  • 28 May 1857 : The revolution from Naseerabad begins.
  • 3rd June 1857 : Revolution in Neemuch.
  • 18 September 1857 : Defeat of George Lawrence in Aiwa at the hands of revolutionaries.
  • 15 October 1857 : The emergence of revolution in Kota.
  • 23 June 1858 : The entry of Tantya Tope in Rajasthan.
  • 7th April 1859 : Imprisonment of Tatya Tope.
  • 1897: The emergence of Bijolia farmer movement.
  • 1919: The establishment of Rajasthan Sewa Mandal that marked guidelines for various
  • 1921: The emergence of Begu farmer movement.
  • 1927: Nationalist state people council put demand for answerable rule in national states. 1931: The establishment of
  • Jaipur State Praja Mandal.
  • 1933 : The establishment of Sirohi people’s council.
  • 1934: The establishment of Jodhpur PrajaMandal.
  • 1936: The establishment of Bikaner LokParishad.
  • 1938: The establishment of Praja Mandal in Kota, Udaipur and Alwar.
  • 1938: The establishment of Marwad people’s council.
  • 1939: The establishment of Bharatpur Praja Mandal.
  • 1945: The establishment of Jaisalmer Praja Mandal.
  • 12 June 1942 : In Jodhpur, the cruelty of Jail authorities on Bal Mukund Bissa results in his death.
  • 3 April 1946 : The popular leader of Jaisalmer, Gagarmal Gopa is murdered in jail.
  • 25 June 1946 : In Jaipur, a convention ofRajasthan’s native rulers held.
  • 18 March 1948 : The merger of Mewar (Udaipur) in United Rajasthan:
  • September 1948: The establishment of responsible government in Jodhpur .
  • 30 March 1949 : The formation of greater Rajasthan.
  • 15 May 1948 : The merger of Matsya Confederation in greater Rajasthan.
  • January 1950: The merger of Mount Abu alongwith Sirohi in Rajasthan.
  • 1 November 1956 : The formation of Modern Rajasthan the completion of unification November
  • 1948 : The demand for formation of greater Rajasthan at a public gathering.
  • 10 April 1948 : The inauguration of United Rajasthan.

Important Definitions:

  • Vedic Ministry : A printing press established in Ajmer.
  • Lag Bag: They were known by the name of Lagte or inputs.
  • V. S. Pathik : He was the leader of Bijolia farmers movement.
  • Khiraj : This was a type of tax.
  • Panchpane: The front of five villagers (Bisau, Dudlodh Malsesar, Mandwa and Naval garh),
  • Nemuchana: This was the village where countless women and children were made targets of bullets.
  • Bhippa : By this word, the Bhils came into existence.
  • Samp Sabha: This was established by Govind Guru.
  • Akki Movement: Motilal Tejawat ran this movement.
  • Jarayam Profession : Criminal castes, according to the British.
  • Marwad Welfare Assembly: Chandmal Surana established it.
  • Chetawani Rao Chugtaya: Kesari Singh wrote this Sortha.

RBSE Class 12 History Notes